메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 782-795

Cerebral vasodilation and vasoconstriction associated with acute anxiety

Author keywords

Anxiety; Cardon dioxide inhalation; Cerebral blood flow; Epinephrine; Generalized anxiety disorder; Hypercarbia; Sympathetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CARBON DIOXIDE;

EID: 0030962457     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00178-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 0015465252 scopus 로고
    • Screening depressed patients in family practice
    • Beck AT, Beck RW (1972): Screening depressed patients in family practice. Postgrad Med 52:81-85.
    • (1972) Postgrad Med , vol.52 , pp. 81-85
    • Beck, A.T.1    Beck, R.W.2
  • 3
    • 0021286952 scopus 로고
    • Effects of activation of sympathetic nerves on cerebral blood flow during hypercapnia in cats and rabbits
    • Busija DW, Heistad DD (1984a): Effects of activation of sympathetic nerves on cerebral blood flow during hypercapnia in cats and rabbits. J Physiol 347:35-45.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.347 , pp. 35-45
    • Busija, D.W.1    Heistad, D.D.2
  • 4
    • 0021668482 scopus 로고
    • Factors involved in the physiological regulation of the cerebral circulation
    • Busija DW, Heistad DD (1984b): Factors involved in the physiological regulation of the cerebral circulation. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 101:162-221.
    • (1984) Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol , vol.101 , pp. 162-221
    • Busija, D.W.1    Heistad, D.D.2
  • 6
    • 84944661914 scopus 로고
    • Rank transformation as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics
    • Conover WJ, Iman RL (1981): Rank transformation as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am Statistician 35:125-129.
    • (1981) Am Statistician , vol.35 , pp. 125-129
    • Conover, W.J.1    Iman, R.L.2
  • 7
    • 0022596363 scopus 로고
    • Focal neurologic symptoms in panic attacks
    • Coyle PK, Sterman AB (1986): Focal neurologic symptoms in panic attacks. Am J Psychiatry 143:648-649.
    • (1986) Am J Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 648-649
    • Coyle, P.K.1    Sterman, A.B.2
  • 8
    • 0018615326 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic modulation of hypercapnic cerebral vasodilation in dogs
    • D'Alecy LG, Rose CJ, Sellers SA (1979): Sympathetic modulation of hypercapnic cerebral vasodilation in dogs. Circ Res 45:771-785.
    • (1979) Circ Res , vol.45 , pp. 771-785
    • D'Alecy, L.G.1    Rose, C.J.2    Sellers, S.A.3
  • 9
    • 0343884028 scopus 로고
    • Stress erythrocytosis
    • Dameshek W (1953): Stress erythrocytosis. Blood 8:282-289.
    • (1953) Blood , vol.8 , pp. 282-289
    • Dameshek, W.1
  • 10
    • 0001208197 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic control of cerebral circulation
    • Edvinsson L (1982): Sympathetic control of cerebral circulation. Trends Neurosci 5:425-429.
    • (1982) Trends Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 425-429
    • Edvinsson, L.1
  • 11
    • 0017211431 scopus 로고
    • Amine mechanisms in the cerebral circulation
    • Edvinsson L, MacKenzie ET (1977): Amine mechanisms in the cerebral circulation. Pharmacol Rev 28:275-353.
    • (1977) Pharmacol Rev , vol.28 , pp. 275-353
    • Edvinsson, L.1    MacKenzie, E.T.2
  • 12
    • 0015356680 scopus 로고
    • Concentration of noradrenaline in pial vessels, choroid plexus, and iris during two weeks after sympathetic ganglionectomy or decentralization
    • Edvinsson L, Owman C, Rosengren E, West KA (1972): Concentration of noradrenaline in pial vessels, choroid plexus, and iris during two weeks after sympathetic ganglionectomy or decentralization. Acta Physiol Scand 85:201-206.
    • (1972) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.85 , pp. 201-206
    • Edvinsson, L.1    Owman, C.2    Rosengren, E.3    West, K.A.4
  • 13
    • 0016801938 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic innervation of cerebral arteries. Prejunctional supersensitivity to norepinephrine after sympathectomy or cocaine treatment
    • Edvinsson L, Aubineau P, Owman C, Sercombe R, Seylaz J (1975): Sympathetic innervation of cerebral arteries. Prejunctional supersensitivity to norepinephrine after sympathectomy or cocaine treatment. Stroke 6:525-530.
    • (1975) Stroke , vol.6 , pp. 525-530
    • Edvinsson, L.1    Aubineau, P.2    Owman, C.3    Sercombe, R.4    Seylaz, J.5
  • 14
    • 0019375059 scopus 로고
    • Hypercapnia and hypoxia: Chemoreceptor-mediated control of locus ceruleus neurons and splanchnic, sympathetic nerves
    • Elam M, Yao T, Thoren P, Svensson TH (1981): Hypercapnia and hypoxia: Chemoreceptor-mediated control of locus ceruleus neurons and splanchnic, sympathetic nerves. Brain Res 222:373-381.
    • (1981) Brain Res , vol.222 , pp. 373-381
    • Elam, M.1    Yao, T.2    Thoren, P.3    Svensson, T.H.4
  • 15
    • 0015233971 scopus 로고
    • Behavior and circulating catecholamines
    • Frankenhaeuser M (1971): Behavior and circulating catecholamines. Brain Res 31:241-262.
    • (1971) Brain Res , vol.31 , pp. 241-262
    • Frankenhaeuser, M.1
  • 16
    • 0026731463 scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation-induced cerebral ischemia in panic disorder and effect of nimodipine
    • Gibbs DM (1992): Hyperventilation-induced cerebral ischemia in panic disorder and effect of nimodipine. Am J Psychiatry 149:1589-1591.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 1589-1591
    • Gibbs, D.M.1
  • 17
    • 0025364732 scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and cerebral cortical metabolism in normal persons
    • Giordani B, Boivin MJ, Berent S, et al (1990): Anxiety and cerebral cortical metabolism in normal persons. Psychiatry Res 35:49-60.
    • (1990) Psychiatry Res , vol.35 , pp. 49-60
    • Giordani, B.1    Boivin, M.J.2    Berent, S.3
  • 18
    • 0021179920 scopus 로고
    • Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder
    • Gorman JM, Askanazi J, Liebowitz MR, et al (1984): Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 41:857-861.
    • (1984) Am J Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 857-861
    • Gorman, J.M.1    Askanazi, J.2    Liebowitz, M.R.3
  • 19
    • 0023866999 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory physiology of patients with panic disorder
    • Gorman JM, Fyer MR, Goetz R, et al (1988): Ventilatory physiology of patients with panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:31-39.
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 31-39
    • Gorman, J.M.1    Fyer, M.R.2    Goetz, R.3
  • 20
    • 0005771473 scopus 로고
    • Transport of gases through brain and their extravascular vasomotor action
    • Gotoh F, Tazaki Y, Meyer JS (1961): Transport of gases through brain and their extravascular vasomotor action. Exp Neurol 4:48-58.
    • (1961) Exp Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 48-58
    • Gotoh, F.1    Tazaki, Y.2    Meyer, J.S.3
  • 22
    • 0343884039 scopus 로고
    • The effect of bilateral stellate ganglion block on the cerebral circulation in normotensive and hypertensive patients
    • Harmel MH, Hafkenschiel JH, Austin GM, Crumpton CW, Kety SS (1949): The effect of bilateral stellate ganglion block on the cerebral circulation in normotensive and hypertensive patients. J Clin Invest 28:415-418.
    • (1949) J Clin Invest , vol.28 , pp. 415-418
    • Harmel, M.H.1    Hafkenschiel, J.H.2    Austin, G.M.3    Crumpton, C.W.4    Kety, S.S.5
  • 23
    • 0015370363 scopus 로고
    • The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral blood flow
    • Harper AM, Deshmukh VD, Rowan JO, Jennett WB (1972): The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral blood flow. Arch Neurol 27:1-6.
    • (1972) Arch Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 1-6
    • Harper, A.M.1    Deshmukh, V.D.2    Rowan, J.O.3    Jennett, W.B.4
  • 24
    • 0021319882 scopus 로고
    • Panic symptoms after inhalation of carbon dioxide
    • Hout MA van den, Grieze E (1984): Panic symptoms after inhalation of carbon dioxide. Br J Psychiatry 144:503-507.
    • (1984) Br J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 503-507
    • Van Den Hout, M.A.1    Grieze, E.2
  • 26
    • 0014544856 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the extrinsic neural control of cerebral blood flow in the baboon
    • James IM, Millar RA, Purves MJ (1969): Observations on the extrinsic neural control of cerebral blood flow in the baboon. Circ Res 25:77-93.
    • (1969) Circ Res , vol.25 , pp. 77-93
    • James, I.M.1    Millar, R.A.2    Purves, M.J.3
  • 27
    • 0024557871 scopus 로고
    • Brain microvessels are innervated by locus ceruleus noradrenergic neurons
    • Kalaria RN, Stockmeier CA, Harik SI (1989): Brain microvessels are innervated by locus ceruleus noradrenergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 97:203-208.
    • (1989) Neurosci Lett , vol.97 , pp. 203-208
    • Kalaria, R.N.1    Stockmeier, C.A.2    Harik, S.I.3
  • 28
    • 84957352638 scopus 로고
    • 2 and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men
    • 2 and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men. J Clin Invest 27:484-492.
    • (1948) J Clin Invest , vol.27 , pp. 484-492
    • Kety, S.S.1    Schmidt, C.F.2
  • 29
    • 84958295607 scopus 로고
    • The effects of 1-epinephrine and 1-norepinephrine upon cerebral circulation and metabolism in man
    • King BD, Sokoloff L, Wechsler RL (1952): The effects of 1-epinephrine and 1-norepinephrine upon cerebral circulation and metabolism in man. J Clin Invest 31:273-279.
    • (1952) J Clin Invest , vol.31 , pp. 273-279
    • King, B.D.1    Sokoloff, L.2    Wechsler, R.L.3
  • 30
    • 0019516159 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the cerebral circulation
    • Kontos HA (1981): Regulation of the cerebral circulation. Annu Rev Physiol 43:397-407.
    • (1981) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.43 , pp. 397-407
    • Kontos, H.A.1
  • 32
    • 0011386080 scopus 로고
    • Biological differentiation of anxiety, arousal, and stress
    • Mathew RJ (ed), New York: Brunner/Mazel
    • Lader M (1982): Biological differentiation of anxiety, arousal, and stress. In Mathew RJ (ed), The Biology of Anxiety. New York: Brunner/Mazel, pp 11-22.
    • (1982) The Biology of Anxiety , pp. 11-22
    • Lader, M.1
  • 33
    • 0017154017 scopus 로고
    • Use of plasma norepinephrine for evaluation of sympathetic function in man
    • Lake CR, Ziegler MG, Kopin IJ (1976): Use of plasma norepinephrine for evaluation of sympathetic function in man. Life Sci 18:1315-1326.
    • (1976) Life Sci , vol.18 , pp. 1315-1326
    • Lake, C.R.1    Ziegler, M.G.2    Kopin, I.J.3
  • 34
    • 0021061720 scopus 로고
    • Monoamine oxidase activity in brain microvessels determined using natural and artificial substrates: Relevance to the blood-brain barrier
    • Lasbennes F, Sercombe R, Seylaz J (1983): Monoamine oxidase activity in brain microvessels determined using natural and artificial substrates: Relevance to the blood-brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3:521-528.
    • (1983) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.3 , pp. 521-528
    • Lasbennes, F.1    Sercombe, R.2    Seylaz, J.3
  • 35
    • 0014388302 scopus 로고
    • Brain extracellular pH: The main factor controlling cerebral blood flow
    • Lassen NA (1968): Brain extracellular pH: The main factor controlling cerebral blood flow. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 22:247-251.
    • (1968) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.22 , pp. 247-251
    • Lassen, N.A.1
  • 36
    • 0015273753 scopus 로고
    • Stress and distress in response to psychosocial stimuli
    • Levi L (1972): Stress and distress in response to psychosocial stimuli. Acta Med Scand 528(suppl):1-157.
    • (1972) Acta Med Scand , vol.528 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-157
    • Levi, L.1
  • 37
    • 0015821123 scopus 로고
    • Effects of carbon dioxide-oxygen inhalation on heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective anxiety
    • Ley R, Walker H (1973): Effects of carbon dioxide-oxygen inhalation on heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective anxiety. Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 4:223-228.
    • (1973) Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 223-228
    • Ley, R.1    Walker, H.2
  • 39
    • 0000066875 scopus 로고
    • Activation: A neuropsychological dimension
    • Malmo RB (1959): Activation: A neuropsychological dimension. Psychol Rev 66:367-386.
    • (1959) Psychol Rev , vol.66 , pp. 367-386
    • Malmo, R.B.1
  • 41
    • 0025029616 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and cerebral vascular effects of caffeine in patients with anxiety disorders
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH (1990a): Behavioral and cerebral vascular effects of caffeine in patients with anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 82:17-22.
    • (1990) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.82 , pp. 17-22
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2
  • 44
    • 0024512889 scopus 로고
    • Acute changes in cerebral blood flow associated with marijuana smoking
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Tant SR (1989a): Acute changes in cerebral blood flow associated with marijuana smoking. Acta Psychiatr Scand 79:118-128.
    • (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.79 , pp. 118-128
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2    Tant, S.R.3
  • 45
    • 0024411238 scopus 로고
    • Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Tant S (1989b): Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients. Am J Psychiatry 146:996-1000.
    • (1989) Am J Psychiatry , vol.146 , pp. 996-1000
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2    Tant, S.3
  • 46
    • 0022552353 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of resting regional cerebral blood flow in normal subjects
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Tant S (1986): Determinants of resting regional cerebral blood flow in normal subjects. Biol Psychiatry 21:907-914.
    • (1986) Biol Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 907-914
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2    Tant, S.3
  • 47
    • 0024463099 scopus 로고
    • Hyperfrontality of regional cerebral blood flow distribution in normals during resting wakefulness: Fact or artifact
    • Mathew RJ (1989): Hyperfrontality of regional cerebral blood flow distribution in normals during resting wakefulness: Fact or artifact. Biol Psychiatry 26:717-724.
    • (1989) Biol Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 717-724
    • Mathew, R.J.1
  • 48
    • 0342432237 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine-induced anxiety and regional cerebral blood flow in anxious patients
    • Lerer B, Gershon S (eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH (1989a): Epinephrine-induced anxiety and regional cerebral blood flow in anxious patients. In Lerer B, Gershon S (eds), New Directions in Affective Disorder. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp 401-403.
    • (1989) New Directions in Affective Disorder , pp. 401-403
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2
  • 49
    • 0020071490 scopus 로고
    • DBH response to epinephrine injection in anxious patients and normals
    • Mathew RJ, Ho BT, Taylor D (1982b): DBH response to epinephrine injection in anxious patients and normals. Biol Psychiatry 17:393-397.
    • (1982) Biol Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 393-397
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Ho, B.T.2    Taylor, D.3
  • 50
    • 0025370670 scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and cerebral blood flow
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH (1990b): Anxiety and cerebral blood flow. Am J Psychiatry 147:838-849.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 838-849
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2
  • 51
  • 53
    • 0018969535 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hemo dynamic response to mental activation in normo-hypercapnia
    • Maximilian VA, Prohovnik I, Risberg J (1980): Cerebral hemo dynamic response to mental activation in normo-hypercapnia. Stroke 11:342-347.
    • (1980) Stroke , vol.11 , pp. 342-347
    • Maximilian, V.A.1    Prohovnik, I.2    Risberg, J.3
  • 54
    • 0342866711 scopus 로고
    • PET scanning: Principles and applications
    • Mazziotta JC (1985): PET scanning: Principles and applications. Discussions Neurosci 11:21-33.
    • (1985) Discussions Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 21-33
    • Mazziotta, J.C.1
  • 57
    • 0024349680 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic evaluation of cerebral blood flow during state anxiety in simple phobia
    • Mountz JM, Modell JG, Wilson MW, et al (1989): Positron emission tomographic evaluation of cerebral blood flow during state anxiety in simple phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:501-504.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 501-504
    • Mountz, J.M.1    Modell, J.G.2    Wilson, M.W.3
  • 58
    • 0020967816 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic receptors in brain micro vessels
    • Nathanson JA (1983): Adrenergic receptors in brain micro vessels. Trends Neurosci 6:422-424.
    • (1983) Trends Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 422-424
    • Nathanson, J.A.1
  • 60
    • 0015403440 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intracarotid epinephrine, norepinephrine and angiotensin on the regional cerebral blood flow in man
    • Olesen J (1972): The effect of intracarotid epinephrine, norepinephrine and angiotensin on the regional cerebral blood flow in man. Neurology 22:978-987.
    • (1972) Neurology , vol.22 , pp. 978-987
    • Olesen, J.1
  • 63
    • 0024342711 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack
    • Reiman EM, Raichle ME, Robins E, et al (1989a): Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:496-500.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 496-500
    • Reiman, E.M.1    Raichle, M.E.2    Robins, E.3
  • 64
  • 65
    • 78651161246 scopus 로고
    • 2 and cerebral hemodynamics
    • 2 and cerebral hemodynamics. Am J Physiol 206:25-35.
    • (1964) Am J Physiol , vol.206 , pp. 25-35
    • Reivich, M.1
  • 66
    • 0020966824 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic studies of sensory stimuli, cognitive processes and anxiety
    • Reivich M, Gur RC, Alavi A (1983): Positron emission tomographic studies of sensory stimuli, cognitive processes and anxiety. Hum Neurobiol 2:25-33.
    • (1983) Hum Neurobiol , vol.2 , pp. 25-33
    • Reivich, M.1    Gur, R.C.2    Alavi, A.3
  • 67
    • 0018905294 scopus 로고
    • 133xenon inhalation. Methodology and applications in neuropsychology and psychiatry
    • 133xenon inhalation. Methodology and applications in neuropsychology and psychiatry. Brain Lang 9:9-34.
    • (1980) Brain Lang , vol.9 , pp. 9-34
    • Risberg, J.1
  • 69
    • 0024359352 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow and anxiety: A correlational study in neurologically normal patients
    • Rodriguez G, Cogorno P, Gris A, et al (1989): Regional cerebral blood flow and anxiety: A correlational study in neurologically normal patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 9:410-416.
    • (1989) J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol , vol.9 , pp. 410-416
    • Rodriguez, G.1    Cogorno, P.2    Gris, A.3
  • 70
    • 58149451256 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state
    • Schachter S, Singer JE (1962): Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychol Rev 69:379-399.
    • (1962) Psychol Rev , vol.69 , pp. 379-399
    • Schachter, S.1    Singer, J.E.2
  • 72
    • 0016766563 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenic influence on local cerebral blood flow. Effect of catecholamines or sympathetic stimulation as correlated with the sympathetic innervation
    • Sercombe R, Aubineau P, Edvinsson L, et al (1975): Neurogenic influence on local cerebral blood flow. Effect of catecholamines or sympathetic stimulation as correlated with the sympathetic innervation. Neurology 25:954-963.
    • (1975) Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 954-963
    • Sercombe, R.1    Aubineau, P.2    Edvinsson, L.3
  • 74
    • 0013990026 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cerebral blood flow as a single function of the interstitial ph in the brain. A hypothesis
    • Skinhoj E (1966): Regulation of cerebral blood flow as a single function of the interstitial pH in the brain. A hypothesis. Acta Neurol Scand 42:604-607.
    • (1966) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.42 , pp. 604-607
    • Skinhoj, E.1
  • 75
    • 0013970459 scopus 로고
    • 2-65% oxygen mixture upon anxiety level in neurotic patients
    • 2-65% oxygen mixture upon anxiety level in neurotic patients. Behav Res Ther 4:309-316.
    • (1966) Behav Res Ther , vol.4 , pp. 309-316
    • Slater, S.L.1    Leavy, A.2
  • 76
    • 0001274180 scopus 로고
    • Effect of mental arithmetic on cerebral circulation and metabolism
    • Sokoloff L, Mangold R, Wechsler R, Kennedy C, Kety S (1955): Effect of mental arithmetic on cerebral circulation and metabolism. J Clin Invest 34:1101-1108.
    • (1955) J Clin Invest , vol.34 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Sokoloff, L.1    Mangold, R.2    Wechsler, R.3    Kennedy, C.4    Kety, S.5
  • 78
  • 79
    • 0021262234 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral autoregulation
    • Strandgaard S, Paulson OB (1984): Cerebral autoregulation, Stroke 15:413-416.
    • (1984) Stroke , vol.15 , pp. 413-416
    • Strandgaard, S.1    Paulson, O.B.2
  • 80
    • 0020058965 scopus 로고
    • Blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow
    • Thomas DJ (1982): Blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow. Stroke 13:285-287.
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 285-287
    • Thomas, D.J.1
  • 82
    • 0343313570 scopus 로고
    • Studies on adrenalin and noradrenalin in human plasma
    • Vendsalu A (1960): Studies on adrenalin and noradrenalin in human plasma. Acta Physiol Scand 49(suppl 173):36-56.
    • (1960) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.49 , Issue.173 SUPPL. , pp. 36-56
    • Vendsalu, A.1
  • 83
    • 0019014066 scopus 로고
    • Dependents of pial arteriolar response to hypercapnia on vessel size
    • Wei EP, Kontos HA, Patterson JL Jr (1980): Dependents of pial arteriolar response to hypercapnia on vessel size. Am J Physiol 7:H697-H703.
    • (1980) Am J Physiol , vol.7
    • Wei, E.P.1    Kontos, H.A.2    Patterson J.L., Jr.3
  • 85
    • 0027285130 scopus 로고
    • A functional cerebral response to frightening visual stimulation
    • Wik G, Fredrickson M, Ericson K, et al (1993): A functional cerebral response to frightening visual stimulation. Psychiatry Res (Neuroimaging) 50:15-24.
    • (1993) Psychiatry Res (Neuroimaging) , vol.50 , pp. 15-24
    • Wik, G.1    Fredrickson, M.2    Ericson, K.3
  • 86
    • 0038742909 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in anxiety disorders
    • Hoen-Saric R (ed), Washington DC: American Psychiatry Press
    • Wilson WH, Mathew RJ (1993): Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in anxiety disorders. In Hoen-Saric R (ed), Biology of Anxiety Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatry Press, pp 1-59.
    • (1993) Biology of Anxiety Disorders , pp. 1-59
    • Wilson, W.H.1    Mathew, R.J.2
  • 88
    • 0023803302 scopus 로고
    • Yohimbine alters regional cerebral blood flow in panic disorder
    • Woods SW, Koster K, Krystal JK, et al (1988): Yohimbine alters regional cerebral blood flow in panic disorder. Lancet ii:678.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 678
    • Woods, S.W.1    Koster, K.2    Krystal, J.K.3
  • 89
    • 0023840187 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide induced anxiety. Behavioral physiologic and biochemical effects of carbon dioxide in patients with panic disorders and healthy subjects
    • Woods SW, Charney DS, Goodman WK, Heninger GR (1988b): Carbon dioxide induced anxiety. Behavioral physiologic and biochemical effects of carbon dioxide in patients with panic disorders and healthy subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:43-52.
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 43-52
    • Woods, S.W.1    Charney, D.S.2    Goodman, W.K.3    Heninger, G.R.4
  • 91
    • 0018699250 scopus 로고
    • Normal human aging and cerebral vasoconstrictive response to hypocapnia
    • Yamaguchi T, Meyer JS, Sakai F, Yamamoto M (1979): Normal human aging and cerebral vasoconstrictive response to hypocapnia. J Neurol Sci 44:87-94.
    • (1979) J Neurol Sci , vol.44 , pp. 87-94
    • Yamaguchi, T.1    Meyer, J.S.2    Sakai, F.3    Yamamoto, M.4
  • 92
    • 0024363427 scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and cerebral blood flow during behavioral challenge: Dissociation of central from peripheral and subjective measures
    • Zohar J, Insel TR, Berman KF, Foa EB, Hill JL, Weinberger DR (1989): Anxiety and cerebral blood flow during behavioral challenge: Dissociation of central from peripheral and subjective measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:505-510.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 505-510
    • Zohar, J.1    Insel, T.R.2    Berman, K.F.3    Foa, E.B.4    Hill, J.L.5    Weinberger, D.R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.