Methods for observing microbial biofilms directly on leaf surfaces and recovering them for isolation of culturable microorganisms

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 63, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1570-1576

  Morris, Cindy E ^a   Monier, Jean Michel ^a,b   Jacques, Marie Agnès ^a  

^a INRA   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BIOFILM; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; ECOLOGY; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; NONHUMAN; PLANT LEAF; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

APIUM GRAVEOLENS VAR. DULCE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA; BRASSICA RAPA SUBSP. PEKINENSIS; LACTUCA; OCIMUM BASILICUM; PETROSELINUM CRISPUM; SPINACIA OLERACEA;

EID: 0030960565     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.4.1570-1576.1997     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Barnett, H. L., and B. B. Hunter (ed.). 1972. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Burgess Publishing Co., Edina, Minn.
2. Bashan, Y., E. Sharon, Y. Okon, and Y. Henis. 1981. Scanning electron and light microscopy of infection and symptom development in tomato leaves infected with Pseudomonas tomato. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 19:139-144.
3. Beattie, G. A., and S. E. Lindow. 1995. The secret life of foliar bacterial pathogens on leaves. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 33:145-172.
4. Brown, D. A., D. C. Kamineni, J. A. Sawicki, and T. J. Beveridge. 1994. Minerals associated with biofilms occurring on exposed rock in a granitic underground research laboratory. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3182-3191.
5. Caldwell, D. E., D. R. Korber, and J. R. Lawrence. 1992. Imaging of bacterial cells by fluorescence exclusion using scanning confocal laser microscopy. J. Microbiol. Methods 15:249-261.
6. Characklis, W. G., and K. C. Marshall (ed.). 1990. Biofilms. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.
7. Costerton, J. W., K. J. Cheng, G. G. Geesey, T. I. Ladd, J. C. Nickel, M. Dasgupta, and T. J. Marrie. 1987. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 41:435-464.
8. Costerton, J. W., Z. Lewandowski, D. E. Caldwell, D. R. Korber, and H. M. Lappin-Scott. 1995. Microbial biofilms. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49:711-745.
9. Costerton, J. W., J. C. Nickel, and T. I. Ladd. 1986. Suitable methods for the comparative study of free-living and surface-associated bacterial populations, p. 49-84. In J. S. Poindexter and E. R. Leadbetter (ed.), Bacteria in nature - methods and special applications in bacterial ecology. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
10. Daft, G. C., and C. Leben. 1966. A method for bleaching leaves for microscope investigation of microflora on the leaf surface. Plant Dis. Rep. 50:493.
11. Dickinson, C. H. 1976. Fungi on the aerial surfaces of higher plants, p. 293-324. In C. H. Dickinson and T. F. Preece (ed.), Microbiology of aerial plant surfaces. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
12. Dickinson, C. H. 1986. Adaptations of micro-organisms to climatic conditions affecting aerial plant parts, p. 77-100. In N. J. Fokkema and J. van den Heuvel (ed.), Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
13. Dickinson, C. H., J. Watson, and B. Wallace. 1974. An impression method for examining epiphytic micro-organisms and its application to phylloplane studies. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 63:616-619.
14. Gerhardt, P., R. G. E. Murray, R. N. Costilow, E. W. Nester, W. A. Wood, N. R. Krieg, and G. B. Phillips (ed.). 1981. Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
15. Gras, M. H., C. Druetmichaud, and O. Cerf. 1994. La flore bactérienne des feuilles de salade fraîche. Sci. Aliment. 14:173-188.
16. Hossell, J. C., and J. H. Baker. 1979. A note on the enumeration of epiphytic bacteria by microscopic methods with particular reference to two freshwater plants. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 46:87-92.
17. Huang, C. T., F. P. Yu, G. A. McFeters, and P. S. Stewart. 1995. Nonuniform spatial patterns of respiratory activity within biofilms during disinfection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2252-2256.
18. Jacques, M.-A., L. L. Kinkel, and C. E. Morris. 1995. Population sizes, immigration, and growth of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different ages and positions of field-grown endive (Cichorium endivia var. latifolia). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:899-906.
19. Jacques, M.-A., and C. E. Morris. 1995. A review of issues related to the quantification of bacteria from the phyllosphere. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 18:1-14.
20. Jacques, M.-A., C. E. Morris, and M. J. Bailey. 1996. The microbial diversity of a phyllosphere micro-aggregate, a site for enhanced gene transfer?, abstr. S11, p. 135. BAGECO 5, 25 to 29 May 1996, Nafplion, Greece.
21. Jacques, M.-A., C. E. Morris, and M. J. Bailey. Unpublished data.
22. King, E. O., M. K. Ward, and D. E. Raney. 1954. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44:301-307.
23. Manz, W., I. Szewzyk, P. Ericsson, R. Amann, K.-H. Schleifer, and T.-A. Stenström. 1993. In situ identification of bacteria in drinking water and adjoining biofilms by hybridization with 16S and 23S rRNA-directed fluorescent oligonucleotide probes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2293-2298.
24. Manz, W., M. Wagner, R. Amann, and K.-H. Schleifer. 1994. In situ characterization of the microbial consortia active in two wastewater treatment plants. Wat. Res. 28:1715-1723.
25. Mew, T. W., I. C. Mew, and J. S. Huang. 1984. Scanning electron microscopy of virulent and avirulent strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae on rice leaves. Phytopathology 74:635-641.
26. Morris, C. E., M.-A. Jacques, and P. C. Nicot. 1994. Microbial aggregates on leaf surfaces: characterization and implications for the ecology of epiphytic bacteria. Mol. Ecol. 3:613.
27. Morris, C. E., and D. I. Rouse. 1984. The role of nutrients in regulating epiphytic bacterial populations, p. 63-82. In C. E. Windels and S. E. Lindow (ed.), Biological control in the phylloplane. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minn.
28. Pruvost, O., and L. Gardan. 1988. Etude de l'implantation épiphylle de Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina, X. campestris pv. jugulandis, Enwinia herbicola and Pseudomonas paucimobilis sur feuilles de noisetier. Agronomie 8:925-932.
29. Robinson, R. W., D. E. Akin, R. A. Nordstedt, M. V. Thomas, and H. C. Aldrich. 1984. Light and electron microscopic examinations of methane-producing biofilms from anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:127-136.
30. Rodriguez, G. G., D. Phipps, K. Ishiguro, and H. F. Ridgway. 1992. Use of a fluorescent redox probe for direct visualization of actively respiring bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:1801-1808.
31. Roos, I. M. M., and M. J. Hattingh. 1983. Scanning electron microscopy of Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum on sweet cherry leaves. Phytopathol. Z. 108:18-25.
32. Ryu, E. 1940. A simple method of differentiating between Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms without staining. Kitasato Arch. Exp. Med. 17:58-63.
33. Surico, G. 1993. Scanning electron microscopy of olive and oleander leaves colonized by Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi. J. Phytopathol. 138: 31-40.
34. Timmer, L. W., J. J. Marois, and D. Achor. 1987. Growth and survival of xanthomonads under conditions nonconducive to disease development. Phytopathology 77:1341-1345.
35. Wilson, M., and S. E. Lindow. 1994. Coexistence among epiphytic bacterial populations mediated through nutritional resource partitioning. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4468-4477.
36. Yu, F. P., and G. A. McFeters. 1994. Physiological responses of bacteria in biofilms to disinfection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2462-2466.
37. Yu, F. P., and G. A. McFeters. 1994. Rapid in situ assessment of physiological activities in bacterial biofilms using fluorescent probes. J. Microbiol. Methods 20:1-10.
38. Zottola, E. A., and K. C. Sasahara. 1994. Microbial biofilms in the food processing industry - should they be a concern? Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:125-148.