Psychiatric morbidity in Australian veterans of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Somalia

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 184-193

  Ward, Warren ^a  

^a Logan Hospital   (Australia)

Author keywords

Peacekeeping forces; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Somalia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MORBIDITY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SOLDIER; SOMALIA; UNITED NATIONS;

EID: 0030959995     PISSN: 00048674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00048679709073819     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Green BL, Lindy JD, Grace MC. Post-traumatic stress disorder: towards DSM-IV. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1985; 173:406-411.
2. McFarlane AC. The aetiology of post-traumatic morbidity: predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors. British Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 154:221-228.
3. McFarlane AC. The longitudinal course of posttraumatic morbidity the range of outcomes and their predictors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1988; 176:30-39.
4. Wolfe J, Brown PJ, Busela ML. Symptom responses of female Vietnam veterans to Operation Desert Storm. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149:676-679.
5. Bremner JD, Southwick SM, Johnson DR, Yehuda R, Charney DS Childhood physical abuse and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993, 150:235-239.
6. Engel CS, Engel AL, Campbell SJ, McFall ME, Russo J, Katon W. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and precombat sexual and physical abuse in Desert Storm veterans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1993; 181:683-688.
7. Loughrey G. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 1991, 4 262-266
8. Choy T, de Bosset F. Posttraumatic stress disorder: an overview. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1992, 37:578-583.
9. Green BL. Identifying survivors at risk: trauma and stressors across events. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes. New York: Plenum, 1993:135-144.
10. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
11. Kinzie JD. Post-traumatic stress disorder. In: Kaplan HI, Sadock BT, eds. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1989:1000-1008.
12. Solomon Z. Immediate and long-term effects of traumatic combat stress among Israeli veterans of the Lebanon War, In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes. New York: Plenum, 1993:321-332.
13. Weisaeth L. Stress of UN military peace-keeping. World Veteran Foundation International Socio-Medical Information Centre Newsletter 1990; 2:15-18.
14. Deahl MP, Earnshaw NM, Jones N. Psychiatry and war: lessons from the former Yugoslavia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 164:441-442.
15. O'Bnen SL. What will be the psychiatric consequences of the war in Bosnia? A bad war from the psychiatric point of view, leading to hidden pathology. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 164:443-447.
16. Lundin T, Otto U. Swedish UN soldiers in Cyprus, UNIFICYP: their psychological and social situation. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1992; 57:187-193.
17. Headquarters Defence Command Norway, the Joint Medical Service. The UNIFIL study 1991-1992: report - part 1: results and recommendations, Oslo, 1993.
18. Whalley R. The psychological impact of UN deployment on soldiers, the Operation Solace experience. Canberra: Australian Department of Defence, 1994.
19. Goldberg D, Williams P. A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor NFER-Nelson, 1988.
20. O'Brien LS, Hughes SJ. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in Falklands veterans five years after the conflict. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 159:135-141.
21. Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of events scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 1979; 41:209-218.
22. Schwarzwald J, Solomon Z, Weisenberg M, Mikulincer M. Validation of the Impact of Events Scale for psychological sequelae of combat. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987; 55:251-256.
23. Keane TM, Fairbank JA, Caddell JM, Zimering RT, Taylor KL, Mora CA. Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1989; 1:53-55.
24. Wolfe J, Keane TM, New perspectives in the assessment and diagnosis of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes. New York: Plenum, 1993:165-177.
25. Smith EM, North CS. Post-traumatic stress disorder in natural disasters and technological accidents. In Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes. New York: Plenum, 1993:405-419.
26. McCaroll JE, Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder following recovery of war dead. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150:1875-1877.
27. Labbate LA, Snow MP. Posttraumatic stress symptoms among soldiers exposed to combat in the Persian Gulf. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1992; 43:831-833.
28. Raphael B, Meldrum L, McFarlane AC. Does debriefing after psychological trauma work? British Medical Journal 1995; 310:1479-1480.