Fat distribution, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 362-369

  Hunter, Gary R ^a   Kekes Szabo, Tamas ^a   Snyder, Scott W ^a   Nicholson, Christal ^a   Nyikos, Ildiko ^a   Berland, Lincoln ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

BLOOD LIPIDS; BLOOD PRESSURE; INTRA ABDOMINAL ADIPOSE TISSUE; PAT DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Indexed keywords

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; CORONARY RISK; HUMAN; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ABDOMEN; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY CONSTITUTION; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; CHOLESTEROL, VLDL; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; RADIOGRAPHY, ABDOMINAL; RISK FACTORS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 0030958120     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199703000-00011     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. ASHWELL, M. and A. K. DIXON. Obesity: new insight into the anthropometric classification of fat distribution shown by computed tomography. Brit. Med. J. 290:1692-1694, 1985.
2. BAECKE, J. A. H., J. BUREMA, and J. E. R. FRIJTERS. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36:936-942, 1982.
3. BJORNTORP, P. Classification of obese patients and complications related to the distribution of surplus fat. Nutrition 10:493-496, 1990.
4. BOUCHARD, C., G. A. BRAY, and V. S. HUBBARD. Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52:946-952, 1990.
5. BROZEK, J., F. GRANDE, J. T. ANDERSON, and A. KEYS. Densitometric analysis of body composition revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 110:113-140, 1963.
6. CALLAWAY, C. W., W. C. CHUMLES, C. BOUCHARD, et al. Circumferences. In: Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. T. G. Lohman, A. F. Roche, R. Martorell (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1988, pp. 39-54.
7. CHUMLEA, W., R. BAUMGARTNER, P. GARRY, et al. Fat distribution and blood lipids in a sample of healthy elderly people. Int. J. Obes. 16:125-133, 1992.
8. CHUNG, B. H., J. P. SEGREST, J. T. CONE, et al. High resolution plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profiles by a rapis high volume semi-automated method. J. Lip. Res. 22:1003-1014, 1981.
9. DESPRES, J. P., S. MOORJANI, M. FERLAND, et al. Adipose tissue distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in obese women: importance of intra-abdominal fat. Atherosclerosis 9:203-210, 1989.
10. DESPRES, J. P., S. MOORJANI, A. TREMBLAY, et al. Heredity and changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins after short-term exercise training in men. Atherosclerosis 8:402-409, 1988.
11. DESPRES, J. P., S. MOORJAN, P. J. TUPIEN, et al. Regional distribution of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 10:497-511, 1990.
12. DESPRES, J. P., M. C. POULIOT, S. MOORJANI, et al. Loss of abdominal fat and metabolic response to exercise training in obese women. Am. J. Physiol. 261:E159-E167, 1991.
13. DIXON, A. K. Abdominal fat assessed by computed tomography: sex differences in distribution. Clin. Radiol. 14:189-191, 1993.
14. FERLAND, M., J. P. DESPRES, A. NADEAU, et al. Contribution of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels to the relationships between body fat distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in women. Int. J. Obesity 15:677-688, 1991.
15. FILIPOVSKY, J., P. DUCIMETIERE, B. DARNE, and J. I. RICHARD. Abdominal body mass distribution and elevated blood pressure are associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and cancer in middle-aged men. The results of a 15-to 20-year follow-up in the Paris prospective study I. Int. J. Obes. 17:197-203, 1993.
16. FREEDMAN, D., S. JACOBSEN, J. BAVBORIAK, et al. Body fat distribution and male/female differences in lipids and lipoproteins. Circulation 81:1498-1506, 1990.
17. FUJIMOTO, W. Y., D. L. LEONETTI, R. W. BERGSTROM, W. P. SHUMAN, and P. W. WAHL. Cigarette smoking, adiposity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. Am. J. Med. 89:761-771, 1990.
18. HARRISON, G. G., E. R. BUSKIRK, J. E. CARTER, et al. Skinfold thickness and measurement technique. In: Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. T. G. Lohman, A. F. Roche, R. Martorel (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1988, pp. 55-70.
19. HODGSON, J. M., M. L. WAHLQUIST, N. D. H. BALAZS, and J. A. BOXALL. Coronary atherosclerosis in relation to body fatness and its distribution. Int. J. Obes. 18:4-46, 1994.
20. HOUMARD, J. A., C. MCCULLEY, L. K. RAY, et al. Effects of exercise training on absolute and relative measurements of regional adiposity. Int. J. Obes. 18:243-248, 1994.
21. HOUMARD, J., W. WHEELER, M. MCCAMMON, et al. An evaluation of waist to hip ratio measurement methods in relation to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in men. Int. J. Obes. 15:181-188, 1991.
22. JACOBS, D. R., B. E. AINSWORTH, T. J. HARTMAN, and A. S. LEON. A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25:81-91, 1993.
23. JAKICIC, J. M., J. E. DONELLY, A. F. JAWARD, et al. Association between blood lipids and different measures of body fat distribution effects of BMI and age. Int. J. Obes. 17:131-137, 1993.
24. KEKES-SZABO, T., G. R. HUNTER, I. NYIKOS, et al. Development and validation of computed tomography derived anthropometric regression equations for estimating abdominal adipose tissue distribution. Obesity Res. 2:450-457, 1994.
25. KOHRT, W., K. A. OBERT, and J. O. HOLLOSZKY. Exercise training improves fat distribution patterns in 60 to 70 year old men and women. Med. Sci. 47:m99-m105, 1992.
26. KUZCMERSKI, R. J. Prevalence of overweight and weight gain in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55:495-502, 1992.
27. KVIST, H., B. CHOWDHURY, U. GRANGARD, et al. Total and visceral adipose tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48:1351-1361, 1988.
28. LARSSON, B., K. SVARDSUDD, L. WELIN, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow-up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. Br. Med. J. 288:1401-1404, 1984.
29. MARTI, B., M. KNOBLOCH, W. F. RIESEN, and H. HOWALD. Fifteen-year changes in exercise, aerobic power, abdominal fat, and serum lipids in runners and controls. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:115-122, 1991.
30. PEIRIS, A. N., M. S. SOTHMANN, R. G. HOFFMAN, et al. Adiposity, fat distribution and cardiovascular risk. Am. Int. Med. 110:867-872, 1989.
31. POULIOT, M. C., J. P. DESPRES, A. NADEAU, et al. Visceral obesity in men. Diabetes 41:826-834, 1992.
32. RAISON, J., A. BASDEVANT, Y. SITT, and B. GUY-GRAND. Regional differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in relation to body fat distribution and menopausal status in obese women. Int. J. Obes. 12:465-472, 1988.
33. REBUFFE-SCRIVE, M., L. ENK, N. CRONA, et al. Fat cell metabolism in different regions in women. Effect of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. J. Clin. Invest. 75:1973-1976, 1985.
34. REBUFFE-SCRIVE, M., P. LONNROTH, P. MARIN, P. BJORNTORP, and U. SMITH. Regional adipose tissue metabolism in men and postmenopausal women. Int. J. Obes. 11:347-355, 1987.
35. RICHELEAU, B., S. B. PEDERSON, T. MOLLAR-PEDERSON, et al. Regional differences in triglyceride breakdown in human adipose tissue: effects of catecholamines, insulin and prostaglandin E2. Metabolism 40:990-996, 1991.
36. RUBERSTEIN, A., R. BURSTEIN, F. TUBIN, et al. Lipoprotein profile changes during intense training of Israeli military recruits. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:480-484, 1995.
37. SCHWARTZ, R. S., W. P. SHUMAN, V. LARSON, et al. The effect of intensive endurance exercise training on body fat distribution in young and older men. Metabolism 40:545-551, 1991.
38. SEIDELL, J. C., R. ANDRES, J. D. SORKIN, and D. C. MULLER. The sagittal waist diameter and mortality in men: The Baltimore longitudinal study in aging. Int. J. Obes. 18:61-67, 1994.
39. SEIDELL, J. C., P. BJORNTORP, L. SJOSTROM, et al. Regional distribution of muscle and fat in men-new insight into the risk of abdominal obesity using computed tomography. Int. J. Obes. 13:289-303, 1989.
40. SEIDELL, J. C., M. CIGOLINI, J. P. DESLYPERE, et al. Body fat distribution in relation to physical activity and smoking habits of 38-year-old European men: The European fat distribution study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 133:257-265, 1991.
41. SELBY, J. V., B. NEWMAN, and C. QUESENBERRY. Genetic and behavioral influences on body fat distribution. Int. J. Obes. 14:593-602, 1990.
42. TERRY, R. B., M. L. STEFANICK, W. HASKELL, and P. D. WOOD. Contributions of regional adipose tissue depots to plasma lipoprotein concentrations in overweight men and women: possible protective effects of thigh fat. Metabolism 40:733-740, 1991.
43. TREMBLAY, A., J. P. DESPRES, and C. BOUCHARD. Alteration in body fat and body fat distribution with exercise. In: Fat Distribution During Growth and Later Health Outcomes. C. Bouchard and F. E. Johnson (Eds.). New York: Alan Liss, 1988.
44. TREMBLAY, A., J. P. DESPRES, C. LEBLANC, et al. Effect of intensity of physical activity on body fatness and fat distribution. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51:153-157, 1990.
45. TRUETH, M. S., G. R. HUNTER, T. KEKES-SZABO, et al. Strength training reduces intra-abdominal adipose tissue in older women. J. Appl. Physiol. 78:1425-1431, 1995.
46. VICKMAN, H. L. and J. J. OHISALO. Regulation of adenylate in plasma membranes of human intraabdominal and abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes. Metabolism 42:739-742, 1993.
47. WEINSIER, R. L., R. NORRIS, and R. S. BERNSTEIN. Serum insulin and blood pressure in an obese population. Int. J. Obes. 10:11-17, 1985.
48. WILMORE, J. J. A simplified method for determination of residual lung volumes. J. Appl. Physiol. 27:96-100, 1969.