메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 95-115

Strategies for treating patients with advanced Parkinson's disease with disastrous fluctuations and dyskinesias

Author keywords

Advanced PD; Dyskinesias; Levodopa; Psychotoxicity

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; APOMORPHINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CISAPRIDE; CLONAZEPAM; DESMOPRESSIN; DOMPERIDONE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; FLUDROCORTISONE; FLUVOXAMINE; LEVODOPA; LISURIDE; LORAZEPAM; MIDODRINE; OXYBUTYNIN; PROPANTHELINE BROMIDE; SELEGILINE; YOHIMBINE;

EID: 0030951005     PISSN: 03625664     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002826-199704000-00001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (83)

References (146)
  • 1
    • 0029022695 scopus 로고
    • Does levodopa therapy delay death in Parkinson's disease? A review of the evidence
    • Clarke CE. Does levodopa therapy delay death in Parkinson's disease? A review of the evidence. Mov Disord 1995;10:250-62.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 250-262
    • Clarke, C.E.1
  • 2
    • 0017344150 scopus 로고
    • Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD. Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1977;1:345-9.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 345-349
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 4
    • 0026551551 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacological classification
    • Luquin MR, Scipioni O, Vaamonde J, Gershanik O, Obeso JA. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacological classification. Mov Disord 1992;7:117-24.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 117-124
    • Luquin, M.R.1    Scipioni, O.2    Vaamonde, J.3    Gershanik, O.4    Obeso, J.A.5
  • 6
    • 0022657221 scopus 로고
    • Episodic unresponsiveness to single doses of L-Dopa in parkinsonian fluctuators
    • Melamed E, Bitton V, Zelig O. Episodic unresponsiveness to single doses of L-Dopa in parkinsonian fluctuators. Neurology 1986;36:100-3.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 100-103
    • Melamed, E.1    Bitton, V.2    Zelig, O.3
  • 8
    • 84938465236 scopus 로고
    • Early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson's disease
    • Kostic V, Przedborski S, Flaster E, Sternic N. Early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1991;41:202-5.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 202-205
    • Kostic, V.1    Przedborski, S.2    Flaster, E.3    Sternic, N.4
  • 9
    • 0017275668 scopus 로고
    • "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD. "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy. Lancet 1976;1:292-6.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 292-296
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 10
    • 0001925175 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease - Clinical aspects
    • Marsden CD, Fahn S, eds., London: Butterworth Scientific
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD, Quinn N. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease - clinical aspects. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, eds. Movement disorders. London: Butterworth Scientific, 1982:123-45.
    • (1982) Movement Disorders , pp. 123-145
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 11
    • 0027500750 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Calne DB. Treatment of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1021-7.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Calne, D.B.1
  • 12
    • 0017729733 scopus 로고
    • Deprenyl in Parkinson's disease
    • Lees AJ, Shaw KM, Kohout LJ, et al. Deprenyl in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1977;2-791-5.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 791-795
    • Lees, A.J.1    Shaw, K.M.2    Kohout, L.J.3
  • 14
    • 0027317769 scopus 로고
    • Early combination therapy with bromocriptine and levodopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Factor SA, Weiner WJ. Early combination therapy with bromocriptine and levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1993;8:257-62.
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 257-262
    • Factor, S.A.1    Weiner, W.J.2
  • 15
    • 0023009371 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease with an oral sustained-release preparation of L-dopa: Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations
    • Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease with an oral sustained-release preparation of L-dopa: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations. Clin Neuropharmacol 1986;9:430-9.
    • (1986) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 430-439
    • Poewe, W.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 16
    • 0023117035 scopus 로고
    • Controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa. I. Sinemet CR-3 treatment of response fluctuation in Parkinson's disease
    • Cedarbaum JM, Breck L, Kutt H, et al. Controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa. I. Sinemet CR-3 treatment of response fluctuation in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987;37:233-41.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 233-241
    • Cedarbaum, J.M.1    Breck, L.2    Kutt, H.3
  • 18
    • 0024436402 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet: Double blind and long-term open trial in parkinsonian patients with fluctuations
    • Jankovic J, Schwartz K, Van der Linden C. Comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet: double blind and long-term open trial in parkinsonian patients with fluctuations. Mov Disord 1989;4:303-9.
    • (1989) Mov Disord , vol.4 , pp. 303-309
    • Jankovic, J.1    Schwartz, K.2    Van der Linden, C.3
  • 19
    • 0024435179 scopus 로고
    • Oral sustained-release preparation of L-Dopa in the management of fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: 6 months follow-up
    • Stocchi F, Bragoni M, Monge A, et al. Oral sustained-release preparation of L-Dopa in the management of fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: 6 months follow-up. N Trends Clin Neuropharmacol 1989;12:543-55.
    • (1989) N Trends Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 543-555
    • Stocchi, F.1    Bragoni, M.2    Monge, A.3
  • 20
    • 0023521931 scopus 로고
    • On-off phenomenon: Relation to levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    • Nutt JG. On-off phenomenon: relation to levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Ann Neurol 1987;22:535-40.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.22 , pp. 535-540
    • Nutt, J.G.1
  • 21
    • 0024083143 scopus 로고
    • Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of treatment-related fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Wooten GF. Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of treatment-related fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1988;24:363-5.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 363-365
    • Wooten, G.F.1
  • 23
    • 0023127020 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa pharmacokinetic mechanisms and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Fabbrini G, Juncos J, Mouradian MM, Serrati C, Chase TN. Levodopa pharmacokinetic mechanisms and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1987;21:370-6.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 370-376
    • Fabbrini, G.1    Juncos, J.2    Mouradian, M.M.3    Serrati, C.4    Chase, T.N.5
  • 24
    • 0023762236 scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part I
    • Fabbrini G, Mouradian MM, Juncos J, et al. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part I. Ann Neurol 1988;24:366-71.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 366-371
    • Fabbrini, G.1    Mouradian, M.M.2    Juncos, J.3
  • 28
    • 0027725064 scopus 로고
    • Motor response complications and the function of striatal afferent systems
    • Chase TN, Mouradian MM, Engber TM. Motor response complications and the function of striatal afferent systems. Neurology 1993;43(suppl 6):S23-7.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Chase, T.N.1    Mouradian, M.M.2    Engber, T.M.3
  • 30
    • 0025355032 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: Review, observations and speculations
    • Nutt JG. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: review, observations and speculations. Neurology 1990;40:340-5.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 340-345
    • Nutt, J.G.1
  • 31
    • 0021211101 scopus 로고
    • Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa
    • Quinn N, Parkes JD, Marsden CD. Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. Neurology 1984;34:113-6.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 113-116
    • Quinn, N.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 32
    • 0021142576 scopus 로고
    • On-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: A clinical and neuropharmacological study
    • Hardie RJ, Lees AJ, Stern GM. On-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: a clinical and neuropharmacological study, Brain 1984;107:487-506.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 487-506
    • Hardie, R.J.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 33
    • 0023937322 scopus 로고
    • Long-term duodenal infusion of levodopa for motor fluctuations in parkinsonism
    • Sage JI, Trooskin S, Sonsalla PK, el al. Long-term duodenal infusion of levodopa for motor fluctuations in parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1988;24:87-9.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 87-89
    • Sage, J.I.1    Trooskin, S.2    Sonsalla, P.K.3
  • 34
    • 0024384156 scopus 로고
    • Continuous levodopa infusions to treat complex dystonia in Parkinson's disease
    • Sage JI, McHale DM, Sonsalla P, Vitagliano D, Heikkila RE. Continuous levodopa infusions to treat complex dystonia in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989;39(suppl 2):60-3.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 60-63
    • Sage, J.I.1    McHale, D.M.2    Sonsalla, P.3    Vitagliano, D.4    Heikkila, R.E.5
  • 36
    • 0342934588 scopus 로고
    • New trends in clinical neurology: Parenteral drug therapy in spasticity and Parkinson's disease
    • Lakke JPWF, Delhaas EM, Rutgers AWF, eds., The Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, Lancs, U.K.
    • Stocchi F, Ruggieri S, Viselli F, et al. New trends in clinical neurology: parenteral drug therapy in spasticity and Parkinson's disease. In: Lakke JPWF, Delhaas EM, Rutgers AWF, eds. Subcutaneous lisuride infusion. The Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth, Lancs, U.K. 1992:205-11.
    • (1992) Subcutaneous Lisuride Infusion , pp. 205-211
    • Stocchi, F.1    Ruggieri, S.2    Viselli, F.3
  • 37
    • 0023522470 scopus 로고
    • Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients
    • Baruzzi A, Contin M, Riva R, et al. Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987;10:527-37.
    • (1987) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 527-537
    • Baruzzi, A.1    Contin, M.2    Riva, R.3
  • 38
    • 0026609580 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Frequency and pathophysiology
    • Edwards LL, Quingley EMM, Pfeiffer RF. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: frequency and pathophysiology. Neurology 1992;42:726-32.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 726-732
    • Edwards, L.L.1    Quingley, E.M.M.2    Pfeiffer, R.F.3
  • 39
    • 0017119610 scopus 로고
    • Doparnine as a possible neurotransmitter in gastric relaxation
    • Valenzueda JE. Doparnine as a possible neurotransmitter in gastric relaxation. Gastroenterology 1976;71: 1019-22.
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.71 , pp. 1019-1022
    • Valenzueda, J.E.1
  • 40
    • 0000018626 scopus 로고
    • Motiliiy of the stomach and gastroduodenal junction
    • Johnson LR, ed., New York: Raven Press
    • Kelly KA. Motiliiy of the stomach and gastroduodenal junction. In: Johnson LR, ed. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. New York: Raven Press, 1981:394-410.
    • (1981) Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract , pp. 394-410
    • Kelly, K.A.1
  • 41
    • 0026523143 scopus 로고
    • Gastric reflex relaxation by colonic distension
    • Bojo L, Cassuto J. Gastric reflex relaxation by colonic distension. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992;38:57-64.
    • (1992) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.38 , pp. 57-64
    • Bojo, L.1    Cassuto, J.2
  • 42
    • 0021359568 scopus 로고
    • The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: Relation to levodopa absorption and transport
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Hammerstad JP, et al. The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 1984;310:483-8.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 483-488
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2    Hammerstad, J.P.3
  • 43
    • 0022556678 scopus 로고
    • 19F)-fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by position emission tomography
    • 19F)-fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by position emission tomography, Ann Neurol 1986;20:258-62.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 258-262
    • Leenders, K.L.1    Poewe, W.H.2    Palmer, A.J.3
  • 44
    • 0027159879 scopus 로고
    • Oral levodopa/carbidopa solution versus tablets in Parkinson's patients with severe fluctuations - A pilot study
    • Kurth MC, Tetrud LW, Irwin I, Lyness WH, Langston JW. Oral levodopa/carbidopa solution versus tablets in Parkinson's patients with severe fluctuations - a pilot study. Neurology 1993;43:1036-9
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1036-1039
    • Kurth, M.C.1    Tetrud, L.W.2    Irwin, I.3    Lyness, W.H.4    Langston, J.W.5
  • 45
    • 0028915830 scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of single morning doses of different levodopa formulations
    • Stocchi F, Ruggieri S, Monge A, et al. Clinical efficacy of single morning doses of different levodopa formulations. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994; 17(suppl 3):S16-S20.
    • (1994) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Stocchi, F.1    Ruggieri, S.2    Monge, A.3
  • 46
    • 0023845228 scopus 로고
    • Protein redistribution diet restores motor function in patients with dopa-resistant "off" periods
    • Pincus JH, Barry K. Protein redistribution diet restores motor function in patients with dopa-resistant "off" periods. Neurology 1987;38:481-3.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 481-483
    • Pincus, J.H.1    Barry, K.2
  • 47
    • 0024507807 scopus 로고
    • Amount and distribution of dietary protein affects clinical response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Carter JH, Nurt JH, Woodward WR, et al. Amount and distribution of dietary protein affects clinical response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989;39:552-6.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 552-556
    • Carter, J.H.1    Nurt, J.H.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 48
    • 0027295878 scopus 로고
    • Cisapride treatment of constipation in Parkinson's disease
    • Jost WH, Schimrigk K. Cisapride treatment of constipation in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1993;8: 339-43.
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 339-343
    • Jost, W.H.1    Schimrigk, K.2
  • 49
    • 0028981463 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cisapride on response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Djaldetti-R, Koren M, Ziv I, Achiron A, Melamed E. Effect of cisapride on response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease .Mov Disord 1995;10:81-4.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 81-84
    • Djaldetti, R.1    Koren, M.2    Ziv, I.3    Achiron, A.4    Melamed, E.5
  • 50
    • 0020627065 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pergolide and bromocriptine therapy in parkinsonism
    • LeWitt PA, Ward CD, Larsen TA, et el. Comparison of pergolide and bromocriptine therapy in parkinsonism. Neurology 1983;33:1009-14
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1009-1014
    • LeWitt, P.A.1    Ward, C.D.2    Larsen, T.A.3
  • 51
    • 0025317247 scopus 로고
    • Pergolide: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease
    • Langtry HD, Clissold SP. Pergolide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease. Drugs 1990;39:491-506.
    • (1990) Drugs , vol.39 , pp. 491-506
    • Langtry, H.D.1    Clissold, S.P.2
  • 52
    • 0001938362 scopus 로고
    • A long term comparative study of lisuride and levodopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Calne DB, Comi G, Crippa D, et al., eds., New York: Raven Press
    • Rabey JM, Streifler M, Treves T, Korczyn AD. A long term comparative study of lisuride and levodopa in Parkinson's disease. In: Calne DB, Comi G, Crippa D, et al., eds. Parkinsonism and aging. New York: Raven Press, 1989:261-267.
    • (1989) Parkinsonism and Aging , pp. 261-267
    • Rabey, J.M.1    Streifler, M.2    Treves, T.3    Korczyn, A.D.4
  • 53
    • 0025165498 scopus 로고
    • Cabergoline: A long acting dopamine agonist in Parkinson's disease
    • Lera G, Vaamonde J, Muruzabal J, Obeso JA. Cabergoline: a long acting dopamine agonist in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1990;28:593-4.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 593-594
    • Lera, G.1    Vaamonde, J.2    Muruzabal, J.3    Obeso, J.A.4
  • 54
    • 0027408876 scopus 로고
    • Controlled study of the antiparkinsonian activity and tolerabiliy of cabergoline
    • Hutton JT, Morris JL, Brewer MA. Controlled study of the antiparkinsonian activity and tolerabiliy of cabergoline. Neurology 1993;43:613-6.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 613-616
    • Hutton, J.T.1    Morris, J.L.2    Brewer, M.A.3
  • 55
    • 0028279204 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of cabergoline, new long-lasting D-2 agonist in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Rabey JM, Nissipeanu P, Inzelberg R, Korczyn AD. Beneficial effect of cabergoline, new long-lasting D-2 agonist in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994;17:286-93.
    • (1994) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 286-293
    • Rabey, J.M.1    Nissipeanu, P.2    Inzelberg, R.3    Korczyn, A.D.4
  • 56
    • 0027971002 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating Parkinson's disease: Treatment with the long-acting dopamine agonist cabergoline
    • Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD, Maraganore DM, et al. Fluctuating Parkinson's disease: treatment with the long-acting dopamine agonist cabergoline. Arch Neurol 1994;51:1236-41.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 1236-1241
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1    Muenter, M.D.2    Maraganore, D.M.3
  • 59
    • 0028108776 scopus 로고
    • Pergolide compares with bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: A multicenter, crossover, controlled study
    • Pezzoli G, Martiginoni E, Pacchetti C, et al. Pergolide compares with bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter, crossover, controlled study. Mov Disord 1994;9:431-6
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 431-436
    • Pezzoli, G.1    Martiginoni, E.2    Pacchetti, C.3
  • 61
    • 0018746617 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease
    • Corsini GU, Del Zompo M, Gessa GL, Mangoni A. Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1979;i:954-6.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 954-956
    • Corsini, G.U.1    Del Zompo, M.2    Gessa, G.L.3    Mangoni, A.4
  • 62
    • 0023263919 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ. Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1986;1987;45: 19-34.
    • (1986) Adv Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 19-34
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1    Kish, S.J.2
  • 63
    • 84984093618 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson's disease in early and late phases: Use of pharmacological agents with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline)
    • Yahr M, Mendoza M, Moros D, Bergmann K. Treatment of Parkinson's disease in early and late phases: use of pharmacological agents with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline). Acta Neurol Scand 1983;(suppl 95):95-102.
    • (1983) Acta Neurol Scand , Issue.SUPPL. 95 , pp. 95-102
    • Yahr, M.1    Mendoza, M.2    Moros, D.3    Bergmann, K.4
  • 64
    • 0028137620 scopus 로고
    • Effect of entacapone, a peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, on the motor response to acute treatment with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Merello M, Lees AJ, Webster R, Bovingdon M, Gordin A. Effect of entacapone, a peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, on the motor response to acute treatment with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:186-9.
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 186-189
    • Merello, M.1    Lees, A.J.2    Webster, R.3    Bovingdon, M.4    Gordin, A.5
  • 65
    • 0028078890 scopus 로고
    • Effect of entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, on clinical disability and levodopa metabolism in parkinsonian patients
    • Kaakkola S, Teravainen H, Ahtila S, Rita H, Gordin A. Effect of entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, on clinical disability and levodopa metabolism in parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1994;44:77-80.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 77-80
    • Kaakkola, S.1    Teravainen, H.2    Ahtila, S.3    Rita, H.4    Gordin, A.5
  • 66
    • 0028891614 scopus 로고
    • Effect of entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levodopa after adminstration of controlled-release levodopa-carbidopa in volunteers
    • Ahtila S, Kaakkola S, Gordin A, et al. Effect of entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levodopa after adminstration of controlled-release levodopa-carbidopa in volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18:46-57.
    • (1995) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 46-57
    • Ahtila, S.1    Kaakkola, S.2    Gordin, A.3
  • 69
    • 0011348815 scopus 로고
    • Management of behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease
    • Koller WC, ed., New York: Marcel Dekker
    • Huber SJ, Paulson GW. Management of behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease. In: Koller WC, ed. Therapy of Parkinson's disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1990:557-566.
    • (1990) Therapy of Parkinson's Disease , pp. 557-566
    • Huber, S.J.1    Paulson, G.W.2
  • 70
    • 0029064499 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose clozapine in the treatment of levodopa-induced mental disturbances in Parkinson's disease
    • Rabey JM, Treves TA, Neufeld MY, Orlow E, Korczyn AD. Low-dose clozapine in the treatment of levodopa-induced mental disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1995;45:432-4.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 432-434
    • Rabey, J.M.1    Treves, T.A.2    Neufeld, M.Y.3    Orlow, E.4    Korczyn, A.D.5
  • 71
    • 0023637177 scopus 로고
    • A sustained-release formulation of L-dopa (Madopar HBS) in the treatment of nocturnal and early-morning disabilities in Parkinson's disease
    • Lees AJ. A sustained-release formulation of L-dopa (Madopar HBS) in the treatment of nocturnal and early-morning disabilities in Parkinson's disease Eur Neurol 1987;27:(suppl 1): 126-34.
    • (1987) Eur Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 126-134
    • Lees, A.J.1
  • 72
    • 0023191916 scopus 로고
    • Sleep movements and associated autonomic nervous activities in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Laihnen A, Alihanka J, Raitasuo, et al. Sleep movements and associated autonomic nervous activities in patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;76:64-8.
    • (1987) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.76 , pp. 64-68
    • Laihnen, A.1    Alihanka, J.2    Raitasuo3
  • 73
    • 0017840794 scopus 로고
    • Onset and end-of-dose levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Lhermitte F, Agid Y, Signoret JL. Onset and end-of-dose levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Arch Neurol 1978;35:261-2.
    • (1978) Arch Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 261-262
    • Lhermitte, F.1    Agid, Y.2    Signoret, J.L.3
  • 75
    • 0022602621 scopus 로고
    • Lithium for painful dystonia in Parkinson's disease
    • Quinn N, Marsden CD. Lithium for painful dystonia in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1986;1:1377.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1377
    • Quinn, N.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 76
    • 0027324013 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. 2. Increasing daily clozapine doses suppress dyskinesias and improve parkinsonism symptoms
    • Bennett JP, Landow ER, Schuh LA. Suppression of dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. 2. Increasing daily clozapine doses suppress dyskinesias and improve parkinsonism symptoms. Neurology 1993;43:1551-5.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1551-1555
    • Bennett, J.P.1    Landow, E.R.2    Schuh, L.A.3
  • 77
    • 0027941178 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease: Moderate daily clozapine doses provide long-term dyskinesia reduction
    • Bennett JP, Landow ER, Dietrich S, Schuh LA. Suppression of dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease: moderate daily clozapine doses provide long-term dyskinesia reduction. Mov Disord 1994;9:409-14.
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 409-414
    • Bennett, J.P.1    Landow, E.R.2    Dietrich, S.3    Schuh, L.A.4
  • 80
    • 0021781594 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of drug-induced exogenous psychosis in parkinsonism with clozapine and fluperlapine
    • Scholz E, Dichgans J. Treatment of drug-induced exogenous psychosis in parkinsonism with clozapine and fluperlapine. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1985;235:60-4.
    • (1985) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci , vol.235 , pp. 60-64
    • Scholz, E.1    Dichgans, J.2
  • 81
    • 0024418579 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine in the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease
    • Friedman JH, Lannon MC. Clozapine in the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1219-21.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 1219-1221
    • Friedman, J.H.1    Lannon, M.C.2
  • 82
    • 0025371727 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine in the treatment of parkinsonian patients with dopaminomimetic psychosis
    • Wolters EC, Hurwitz TA, Mak E, el al. Clozapine in the treatment of parkinsonian patients with dopaminomimetic psychosis. Neurology 1990;40:832-4.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 832-834
    • Wolters, E.C.1    Hurwitz, T.A.2    Mak, E.3
  • 83
    • 0026000655 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine is beneficial for psychosis in Parkinson's disease
    • Kahn N, Freeman A, Juncos JL, Manning D, Watts RL. Clozapine is beneficial for psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1991;41:1699-1700.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1699-1700
    • Kahn, N.1    Freeman, A.2    Juncos, J.L.3    Manning, D.4    Watts, R.L.5
  • 84
    • 0027343947 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease with clozapine
    • Greene P, Cote L, Fahn S. Treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease with clozapine. Adv Neurol 1993;60:703-6.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 703-706
    • Greene, P.1    Cote, L.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 86
    • 0027958705 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone
    • Livingston MG. Risperidone. Lancet 1994;1:457-60.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 457-460
    • Livingston, M.G.1
  • 87
    • 0029854923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melperone in the treatment of iatrogenic psychosis in Parkinson's disease
    • Barbato L, Monge A, Stocchi F, Nordera G. Melperone in the treatment of iatrogenic psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Funct Neurol 1996;11:201-7.
    • (1996) Funct Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 201-207
    • Barbato, L.1    Monge, A.2    Stocchi, F.3    Nordera, G.4
  • 88
    • 0027398865 scopus 로고
    • Ondansetron for hallucinosis in advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Zoldan J, Friedberg G, Goldbergstern H, Melamed E. Ondansetron for hallucinosis in advanced Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1993;3:562-3.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.3 , pp. 562-563
    • Zoldan, J.1    Friedberg, G.2    Goldbergstern, H.3    Melamed, E.4
  • 91
    • 0023157703 scopus 로고
    • Akathisia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Lang AE, Johnson K. Akathisia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987;37:477-81.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 477-481
    • Lang, A.E.1    Johnson, K.2
  • 92
    • 0012267272 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Ilson J, Braun N, Fahn S. Respiratory fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1983;33(suppl 2):113.
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 113
    • Ilson, J.1    Braun, N.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 93
    • 0016361126 scopus 로고
    • The clinical physiology of side effects in long-term L-dopa therapy
    • Barbeau A. The clinical physiology of side effects in long-term L-dopa therapy. Adv Neurol 1974;5:347-65.
    • (1974) Adv Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 347-365
    • Barbeau, A.1
  • 94
    • 0028938561 scopus 로고
    • Drenching sweats as an off phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: Treatment and relation to plasma levodopa profile
    • Sage JI, Mark MH. Drenching sweats as an off phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: treatment and relation to plasma levodopa profile. Ann Neurol 1995;37:120-2.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 120-122
    • Sage, J.I.1    Mark, M.H.2
  • 97
    • 0025977947 scopus 로고
    • Off-period screaming accompanying motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Steiger MJ, Quinn NP, Toone B, Marsden CD. Off-period screaming accompanying motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1991;6:89-90.
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , pp. 89-90
    • Steiger, M.J.1    Quinn, N.P.2    Toone, B.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 98
    • 0022544597 scopus 로고
    • Mood changes associated with "end-of-dose deterioration" in Parkinson's disease: A controlled study
    • Cantello R, Gilli M, Riccio A, Bergamasco B. Mood changes associated with "end-of-dose deterioration" in Parkinson's disease: a controlled study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1986;49:1182-90.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 1182-1190
    • Cantello, R.1    Gilli, M.2    Riccio, A.3    Bergamasco, B.4
  • 100
    • 0021353140 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cognitive performance and affect-arousal state during fluctuations in motor function in Parkinson's disease
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD, Quinn N, Wyke MA. Alterations in cognitive performance and affect-arousal state during fluctuations in motor function in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47:454-65.
    • (1984) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 454-465
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2    Quinn, N.3    Wyke, M.A.4
  • 101
    • 0023877536 scopus 로고
    • "Frontal" cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease "on" and "off" levodopa
    • Gotham AM, Brown RG, Marsden CD. "Frontal" cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease "on" and "off" levodopa. Brain 1988;11:299-321.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.11 , pp. 299-321
    • Gotham, A.M.1    Brown, R.G.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 102
    • 0022394932 scopus 로고
    • Micturition disturbance in Parkinson's disease
    • Fitzmaurice H, Fowler CJ, Richards D, et al. Micturition disturbance in Parkinson's disease. Br J Urol 1985;57:652-6.
    • (1985) Br J Urol , vol.57 , pp. 652-656
    • Fitzmaurice, H.1    Fowler, C.J.2    Richards, D.3
  • 104
    • 0028575724 scopus 로고
    • Adynamic bowel syndrome in Parkinson's disease with dramatic response to apomorphine
    • Merello M, Leiguarda R. Adynamic bowel syndrome in Parkinson's disease with dramatic response to apomorphine Clin Neuropharmacol 1994;17:574-7.
    • (1994) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 574-577
    • Merello, M.1    Leiguarda, R.2
  • 105
    • 0027264828 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease: Response to chronic administration for up to five years
    • Hughes AJ, Bishop S, Kleedorfer B, et al. Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease: response to chronic administration for up to five years. Mov Disord 1993;8: 165-70.
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 165-170
    • Hughes, A.J.1    Bishop, S.2    Kleedorfer, B.3
  • 106
    • 0025155663 scopus 로고
    • Transient cardiac arrest during continuous intravenous infusion of apomorphine
    • Attanasio A, Capria C, Leggiadro G, et al. Transient cardiac arrest during continuous intravenous infusion of apomorphine. Lancet 1990;ii:1321.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1321
    • Attanasio, A.1    Capria, C.2    Leggiadro, G.3
  • 107
    • 0023858286 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian on-off oscillations
    • Stibe CMH, Lees AJ, Kempster PA, Stern GM. Subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian on-off oscillations. Lancet 1988;1:403-6.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 403-406
    • Stibe, C.M.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Kempster, P.A.3    Stern, G.M.4
  • 108
    • 0027342793 scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions for fluctuating Parkinson's disease - Long-term follow-up in 18 patients
    • Poewe W, Kleedorfer B, Wagner M, Bosch S, Schelosky L. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions for fluctuating Parkinson's disease - long-term follow-up in 18 patients. Adv Neurol 1993;60: 656-9.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 656-659
    • Poewe, W.1    Kleedorfer, B.2    Wagner, M.3    Bosch, S.4    Schelosky, L.5
  • 109
    • 0028830804 scopus 로고
    • Apomorphine infusional therapy in Parkinson's disease: Clinical utility and lack of tolerante
    • Gancher ST, Nutt JG, Woodward WR. Apomorphine infusional therapy in Parkinson's disease: clinical utility and lack of tolerante. Mov Disord 1995;10:37-43.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 37-43
    • Gancher, S.T.1    Nutt, J.G.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 111
    • 0000116974 scopus 로고
    • Chemopallidectomy, an investigative technique in geriatric parkinsonians
    • Cooper IS. Chemopallidectomy, an investigative technique in geriatric parkinsonians. Science 1955;121: 217-8.
    • (1955) Science , vol.121 , pp. 217-218
    • Cooper, I.S.1
  • 112
    • 0002263288 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the long term results of surgical therapy
    • Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds., Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone
    • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Evaluation of the long term results of surgical therapy. In. Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds. Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone, 1969: 274-80.
    • (1969) Third Symposium on Parkinson's Disease , pp. 274-280
    • Hoehn, M.M.1    Yahr, M.D.2
  • 113
    • 0023188416 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted stereotactic ventralis lateralis thalamotomy with microelectrode recording control in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Kelly PJ, Ahlskog JE, Goerss SJ, Daube JR, Duffy JR, Kall BA. Computer-assisted stereotactic ventralis lateralis thalamotomy with microelectrode recording control in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:655-64.
    • (1987) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.62 , pp. 655-664
    • Kelly, P.J.1    Ahlskog, J.E.2    Goerss, S.J.3    Daube, J.R.4    Duffy, J.R.5    Kall, B.A.6
  • 114
    • 0025997101 scopus 로고
    • Stereotactic ventrolateralis thalamotomy for medically refractory tremor in post -levodopa era Parkinson's disease patients
    • Fox MW, Ahlskog JR, Kelly PJ. Stereotactic ventrolateralis thalamotomy for medically refractory tremor in post -levodopa era Parkinson's disease patients. J Neurosurg 1991;75:723- 30.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 723-730
    • Fox, M.W.1    Ahlskog, J.R.2    Kelly, P.J.3
  • 115
    • 0026643613 scopus 로고
    • Blinded evaluation confirms long-term asymmetric effect of unilateral thalamotomy or subthalamotomy on tremor in Parkinson's disease
    • Diederick N, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT, el al. Blinded evaluation confirms long-term asymmetric effect of unilateral thalamotomy or subthalamotomy on tremor in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1992;42:1311-4.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1311-1314
    • Diederick, N.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Stebbins, G.T.3
  • 117
    • 0025976466 scopus 로고
    • Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus
    • Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gervason C, et al. Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. Lancet 1991;337:403-6.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 403-406
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Gervason, C.3
  • 118
    • 0026308258 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of tremor and other movement disorders
    • Blond S, Siegfried J. Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of tremor and other movement disorders. Acta Neurochir 1991;52:109-11.
    • (1991) Acta Neurochir , vol.52 , pp. 109-111
    • Blond, S.1    Siegfried, J.2
  • 119
    • 0026764587 scopus 로고
    • Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus
    • Blond S, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Parker F, et al. Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. J Neurosurg 1992;77:62-8.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 62-68
    • Blond, S.1    Caparros-Lefebvre, D.2    Parker, F.3
  • 120
    • 0027465387 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic stimulation and suppression of parkinsonian tremor: Evidence of a cerebellar deactivation using positron emission tomography
    • Deiber MP, Pollak P, Passingham R, et al. Thalamic stimulation and suppression of parkinsonian tremor: evidence of a cerebellar deactivation using positron emission tomography. Brain 1993;116:267-79.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 267-279
    • Deiber, M.P.1    Pollak, P.2    Passingham, R.3
  • 122
    • 0028091774 scopus 로고
    • Long-term thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Postmortem anatomoclinical study
    • Caparros-Lefebvre D, Ruchoux MM, Blond S, et al. Long-term thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: postmortem anatomoclinical study. Neurology 1994;44:1856-60.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1856-1860
    • Caparros-Lefebvre, D.1    Ruchoux, M.M.2    Blond, S.3
  • 123
    • 0027354146 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus in different types of tremor
    • Pollak P, Benabid AL, Gervason CL, Hoffmann D, Seigneuret E, Perret J. Long-term effects of chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus in different types of tremor. Adv Neurol 1993;60:408-13.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 408-413
    • Pollak, P.1    Benabid, A.L.2    Gervason, C.L.3    Hoffmann, D.4    Seigneuret, E.5    Perret, J.6
  • 124
    • 72849166333 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of parkinsonism by stereotactic thermolesions in the pallidal region
    • Svennilson E, Torvik A, Lowe R, Leksell L. Treatment of parkinsonism by stereotactic thermolesions in the pallidal region. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Stand 1960;35:358-77.
    • (1960) Acta Psychiatr Neurol Stand , vol.35 , pp. 358-377
    • Svennilson, E.1    Torvik, A.2    Lowe, R.3    Leksell, L.4
  • 125
    • 0026536547 scopus 로고
    • Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Laitinen LV, Bergenheim AT, Hariz MI. Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosurg 1992;76:53-61.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.76 , pp. 53-61
    • Laitinen, L.V.1    Bergenheim, A.T.2    Hariz, M.I.3
  • 126
    • 0023609496 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonian symptomatology: An anatomical and physiological analysis
    • Miller WC, DeLong MR. Parkinsonian symptomatology: an anatomical and physiological analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988;515:287-302.
    • (1988) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.515 , pp. 287-302
    • Miller, W.C.1    DeLong, M.R.2
  • 127
    • 0025169590 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus
    • Bergman H, Wichmann T, DeLong MR. Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus. Science 1990;249:1436-8.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1436-1438
    • Bergman, H.1    Wichmann, T.2    DeLong, M.R.3
  • 128
    • 0026038674 scopus 로고
    • Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of l-methyl-4-prienyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the primate
    • Aziz TZ, Peggs D, Sambrook MA, Crossman AR. Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of l-methyl-4-prienyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the primate. Mov Disord 1991;6:288-92.
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , pp. 288-292
    • Aziz, T.Z.1    Peggs, D.2    Sambrook, M.A.3    Crossman, A.R.4
  • 130
    • 0025058215 scopus 로고
    • Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
    • Lindvall O, Brundin P, Widner H, et al. Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease. Science 1990;247:574-7.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 574-577
    • Lindvall, O.1    Brundin, P.2    Widner, H.3
  • 131
    • 0026584525 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: One-year clinical and neurophysiological observations in two patients with putaminal implants
    • Lindvall O, Widner H, Rehncrona S, et al. Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: one-year clinical and neurophysiological observations in two patients with putaminal implants. Ann Neurol 1992;31:155-65.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 155-165
    • Lindvall, O.1    Widner, H.2    Rehncrona, S.3
  • 132
    • 0027977759 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's disease
    • Lindvall O, Sawle G, Widner H, et al. Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1994;35:172-80.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 172-180
    • Lindvall, O.1    Sawle, G.2    Widner, H.3
  • 133
    • 0026443974 scopus 로고
    • Survival of implanted fetal dopamine cells and neurologic improvement 12 to 46 months after transplantation for Parkinson's disease
    • Freed CR. Breeze RE, Rosenberg NL, et al. Survival of implanted fetal dopamine cells and neurologic improvement 12 to 46 months after transplantation for Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1992;327:154955.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 154955
    • Freed, C.R.1    Breeze, R.E.2    Rosenberg, N.L.3
  • 134
    • 0026447667 scopus 로고
    • Unilateral transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into the caudate nucleus of patient with Parkinson's disease
    • Spencer DD, Robbins RJ, Naftolin F, et al. Unilateral transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into the caudate nucleus of patient with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1541-8.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1541-1548
    • Spencer, D.D.1    Robbins, R.J.2    Naftolin, F.3
  • 135
    • 0026458624 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
    • Widner H, Tetrud J, Rehncrona S, Snow B, Brundin P, Gustavii B. Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). N Engl J Med 1992;327:1556-63.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1556-1563
    • Widner, H.1    Tetrud, J.2    Rehncrona, S.3    Snow, B.4    Brundin, P.5    Gustavii, B.6
  • 136
    • 0028911848 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological evidence of graft survival and striatal reinnervation after the transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a patient with Parkinson's disease
    • Kordower JH, Freeman TB, Snow BJ, et al. Neuropathological evidence of graft survival and striatal reinnervation after the transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a patient with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1995;332:118-24.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 118-124
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Freeman, T.B.2    Snow, B.J.3
  • 137
    • 0026448258 scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Fetal-tissue transplants in Parkinson's disease
    • Fahn S. Editorial: fetal-tissue transplants in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1589-90.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1589-1590
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 138
    • 0025935786 scopus 로고
    • United Parkinson Foundation Neurotransplantation Registry on adrenal medullary transplants: Presurgical and 1- And 2-year follow-up
    • Goetz CG, Stebbins GT III, Klawans HL, et al. United Parkinson Foundation Neurotransplantation Registry on adrenal medullary transplants: presurgical and 1- and 2-year follow-up. Neurology 1991;41:1719-22.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1719-1722
    • Goetz, C.G.1    Stebbins G.T. III2    Klawans, H.L.3
  • 139
    • 0028214265 scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian primates transplanted with polymer-encapsulated PC12 cells
    • Aebischer P, Goddard M, Signore AP, Timpson RL. Functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian primates transplanted with polymer-encapsulated PC12 cells. Exp Neurol 1994;126:151-8.
    • (1994) Exp Neurol , vol.126 , pp. 151-158
    • Aebischer, P.1    Goddard, M.2    Signore, A.P.3    Timpson, R.L.4
  • 140
    • 0028310282 scopus 로고
    • Transmitter-loaded polymeric microspheres induce regrowth of dopaminergic nerve terminals in striata of rats with 6-OH-DA induced parkinsonism
    • McRae A, Dahlstrom A. Transmitter-loaded polymeric microspheres induce regrowth of dopaminergic nerve terminals in striata of rats with 6-OH-DA induced parkinsonism. Neurochem Int 1994;25:27-33.
    • (1994) Neurochem int , vol.25 , pp. 27-33
    • McRae, A.1    Dahlstrom, A.2
  • 141
    • 0027140984 scopus 로고
    • Regulalion of dopamine production by genetically modified primary fibroblasts
    • Kang UJ, Fisher LJ, Joh TH, O'Malley KL, Gage FH. Regulalion of dopamine production by genetically modified primary fibroblasts. J Neursci 1993;13:5203-11.
    • (1993) J Neursci , vol.13 , pp. 5203-5211
    • Kang, U.J.1    Fisher, L.J.2    Joh, T.H.3    O'Malley, K.L.4    Gage, F.H.5
  • 142
    • 0028169809 scopus 로고
    • Neural-targeted gene therapy for rodent and primate hemiparkinsonism
    • Anton R, Kordower JH, Maidment NT, et al. Neural-targeted gene therapy for rodent and primate hemiparkinsonism. Exp Neurol 1994;127:207-18.
    • (1994) Exp Neurol , vol.127 , pp. 207-218
    • Anton, R.1    Kordower, J.H.2    Maidment, N.T.3
  • 143
    • 0028559601 scopus 로고
    • Long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rates by an HSV vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase
    • During MJ, Naegele JR, O'Malley KL, Geller AI. Long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rates by an HSV vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase. Science 1994;266:1399-1403.
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1399-1403
    • During, M.J.1    Naegele, J.R.2    O'Malley, K.L.3    Geller, A.I.4
  • 144
    • 0028109526 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo
    • Hoffer BJ, Hoffman A, Bowenkamp K, et al. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Neurosci Lett 1994;182:107-11.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.182 , pp. 107-111
    • Hoffer, B.J.1    Hoffman, A.2    Bowenkamp, K.3
  • 145
    • 0027972153 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factor therapy for nervous system degenerative diseases
    • Hefti F. Neurotrophic factor therapy for nervous system degenerative diseases. J Neurobiol 1944;25:1418-35.
    • (1944) J Neurobiol , vol.25 , pp. 1418-1435
    • Hefti, F.1
  • 146
    • 0028946961 scopus 로고
    • Researches broaden the attack on Parkinson's disease
    • Barinaga M. Researches broaden the attack on Parkinson's disease. Science 1995;267:455-6.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 455-456
    • Barinaga, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.