Serum bilirubin distribution and its relation to cardiovascular risk in children and young adults

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 131, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 107-113

  Madhavan, Malathy ^a   Wattigney, Wendy A ^b   Srinivasan, Sathanur R ^b   Berenson, Gerald S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS   (India)

^b Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health   (United States)

Author keywords

Bilirubin; Cardiovascular risk factors; Children and young adults; Race (black white)

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY RISK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGING; BILIRUBIN; BODY COMPOSITION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING;

EID: 0030951001     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)06088-7     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witzum JL. Beyond cholesterol. Modification of low-density lipoprotein that increases its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989;320:915-925.
2. Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonagh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiologic importance. Science 1987;235:1043-1046.
3. Wu TW, Carey D, WU J. The cytoprotective effects of bilirubin and biliverdin on rat hepatocytes and human erythrocytes and the impact of albumin. Biochem Cell Biol 1991;69:828-834.
4. Wu TW, Wu J, Li RK, Mickle D, Carey D. Albumin-bound bilirubins protect human ventricular myocytes against oxyradical damage. Biochem Cell Biol 1991;69:683-688.
5. Wu TW, Fung KP, Yang CC, Unconjugated bilirubin inhibits the oxidation of human low density lipoprotein better than Trolox. Life Sci 1994;54:477-481.
6. Llesuy SF, Tomaro ML. Heme oxygenase and oxidative stress. Evidence of involvement of bilirubin as physiological protector against oxidative damage. Biochim Biophs Acta 1994;1223:9-14.
7. Hegyi T, Goldie E, Hiatt M. The protective role of bilirubin in oxygen-radical diseases of the preterm infant. J Perinatol 1994;14:296-300.
8. Nakagami T, Toyomura K, Kinoshita T, Morisawa S. A beneficial role of bile pigments as an endogenous tissue protector: anticomplement effects of biliverdin and conjugated bilirubin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1158:189-193.
9. Schwertner HA, Jackson WG, Tolan G. Association of low serum concentration of bilirubin with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 1994;40:18-23.
10. ten Kate LP, Bowman H, Dalger SP, Motulsky AG. Familial aggregation of heart disease and its relation to known risk factors. Am J Cardiol 1982;50:945-953.
11. Moll PP, Sing CF, Weidman WH et al. Total cholesterol in school children: predictions of coronary heart disease in relatives. Circulation 1983;67:127-134.
12. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Shear CL, Franklin FA, Webber LS, Berenson GS. The relation of apolipoproteins A-I and B in children to parental myocardial infarction: The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1986;315:721-726.
13. Berenson GS, McMahan CA, Voors AW et al. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children - The Early Natural History of Atherosclerosis and Essential Hypertension. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980;450.
14. Tanner JM. Growth at Adolescence, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1962;326.
15. Lipid Research Clinics Program Manual of Laboratory Operations, Vol 1: Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, publication no. (NIH) 75-628, National Institutes of Health, 1974.
16. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Fu PC. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 1974;20:470-475.
17. Bucolo G, David H. Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides by the use of enzymes. Clin Chem 1973;19:476-482.
18. Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Serum lipoproteins in children and methods for study. In: Lewis LA (ed). CRC Handbook of Electrophoresis, Vol 3. Lipoprotein Methodology and Human Studies. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1983; 184-204.
19. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1989.
20. Neuzil J, Stocker R. Bilirubin attenuates radial-mediated damage to serum albumin. FEBS Let 1993;331:281-284.
21. Tögl-Leimuller A, Egger G, Porta S. Albumin as one-way transport vehicle into sites of inflammation. Exp Pathol 1986;30:91-96.
22. Fantone JC, Ward PA. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions. Am J Pathol 1982;107:395-418.
23. Berliner JA, Territo MC, Sevanian A et al. Minimally modified low density lipoprotein stimulates monocyte endothelial interactions. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1260-1266.
24. Rajavashisth TB, Andalibi A, Territo MC et al. Induction of endothelial cell expression of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors by modified low-density lipoproteins. Nature 1990;344:254-257.
25. Alexander RW. Hypertension and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress and the mediation of arterial inflammatory response: a new perspective. Hypertension 1995;25:155-161.
26. Frerichs RR, Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Hemoglobin levels in children from a biracial southern community. Am J Public Health 1977;67:841-845.
27. Voors AW, Frank GC, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Hemoglobin levels and dietary iron in pubescent children in a biracial community. Public Health Rep 1981;96:45-49.
28. Garn SM, Smith NJ, Clark DC. Lifelong differences in hemoglobin levels between blacks and whites. JAMA 1975;67:91-96.
29. Church DF, Pryor WA. Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ Health Perspect 1985;64:111-126.
30. Chan-Yeung M, Ferreira P, Frohlich J, Schulzev M, Tan F. The effects of age, smoking, and alcohol in routine laboratory tests. Am J Clin Pathol 1981;75:320-326.
31. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Ashby D, Walker M, Whitehead TP. Biochemical and haematological response to alcohol intake. Ann Clin Biochem 1985;22:50-61.
32. Napier JA, Metzner H, Johnson BC. Limitations of morbidity and mortality data obtained from family histories: a report from the Tecumseh Community Health Study. Am J Public Health 1972;62:30-35.
33. Tretli S, Lund-Larsen PG, Foss OP. Reliability of questionnaire information of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Cardiovascular disease study in Finnmarle County. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982;36:269-273.
34. Hopkins PN, Wu LL, Hunt SC, James BC, Vincent GM, Williams RR. Higher serum bilirubin is associated with decreased risk for early familial coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1996;16:250-255.
35. Hunt SC, Wu LL, Hopkins PN, Williams RR. Evidence for a major gene elevating serum bilirubin concentration in Utah pedigrees. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:912-917.