PCDTs in the environment

Chemosphere

Volumn 34, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 2585-2594

  Sinkkonen, Seija ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

Author keywords

Combustion; GC MS; Metal reclamation; Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes

Indexed keywords

DIBENZOTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; COMBUSTION; ECOTOXICOLOGY; EFFLUENT; FLY ASH; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PULP MILL; WATER POLLUTION;

EID: 0030950005     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00101-X     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. C. Rappe and H. R. Buser, Chemical and physical properties, analytical methods, sources and environmental levels of halogenated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, in Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Compounds (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989), 2rd ed., pp. 71-102.
2. S. Safe, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: Environmental mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 21, 51-88 (1990).
3. C. Rappe, Dioxin, patterns and source identification, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 348, 63-75 (1994).
4. S. Sinkkonen, Determination of crude oil alkylated dibenzothiophenes in environment, Ph.D. Thesis, and references therein, University of Jyväskylä, (1989).
5. E. Mäntylä, M. Ahotupa, L. Nieminen, J. Paasivirta and S. Sinkkonen, Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes: toxicological evaluation in mice, Organohalogen Compounds 10, 161-163 (1992).
6. P. Kopponen, S. Kärenlampi and S. Sinkkonen, Sulphur analogues of polychlorinated dioxins, furans and diphenylethers as inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, Organohalogen Compounds 13, 229-232 (1993).
7. P. Kopponen, S. Sinkkonen, A. Poso, J. Gynther and S. Kärenlampi, Sulfur analogues of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and diphenylethers as inducers of CYP1A1 in mouse hepatoma cell culture and structure-activity relationships, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13, 1543-1548 (1994).
8. S. Sinkkonen, J. Paasivirta, J. Koistinen and J. Tarhanen, Tetra-and pentachlorodibenzothiophenes are formed in waste combustion, Chemosphere 23, 583-587 (1991).
9. H.-R. Buser, I. S. Dolezar, M. Wolfensberger and C. Rappe, Polychlorodibenzothiophenes, the sulfur analogues of the polychlorodibenzofurans identified in incineration samples, Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1637-1643 (1991).
10. S. Sinkkonen, A. Vattulainen, J.-P. Aittola, J. Paasivirta, J. Tarhanen and M. Lahtiperä, Metal reclamation produces sulfur analogues of toxic dioxins and furans, Chemosphere 28, 1279-1288 (1994).
11. H.-R. Buser and C. Rappe, Determination of polychlorodibenzothiophenes, the sulfur analogues of polychlorodibenzofurans, using various gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques, Anal. Chem. 63, 1210-1217 (1991).
12. S. Sinkkonen, J. Paasivirta, J. Koistinen, M. Lahtiperä and R. Lammi, Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes in bleached pulp mill effluent, Chemosphere 24, 1755-1763 (1992).
13. S. Sinkkonen, E. Kolehmainen, J. Paasivirta, J. Koistinen, M. Lahtiperä and R. Lammi, Identification and level estimation of chlorinated neutral aromatic sulfur compounds and their alkylated derivatives in pulp mill effluents and sediments, Chemosphere 28, 2049-2066 (1994).
14. S. L. Huntley, R. J. Wenning, D. J. Paustenbach, A. S. Wong and W. J. Luksemburg, Potential sources of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes in the Passaic River, New Jersey, Chemosphere 29, 257-272 (1994).
15. S. Sinkkonen, T. Rantio, A. Vattulainen, J.-P. Aittola, J. Paasivirta and M. Lahtiperä, Chlorohydrocarbons, PCB congeners, polychlorodioxins, furans and dibenzothiophenes in pine needles in the vicinity of a metal reclamation plant, Chemosphere 30, 2227-2239 (1995).
16. S. Sinkkonen, E. Kolehmainen, K. Laihia, J. Koistinen and T. Rantio, Polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides: Preparation of model compounds, chromatography, mass spectrometry, NMR and environmental analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 1319-1326 (1993).
17. S. Sinkkonen, E. Kolehmainen, J. Koistinen and M. Lahtiperä, High-resolution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of neutral chlorinated aromatic compounds in stack gas samples, J. Chromatogr. 641, 309-317 (1993).
18. R. Lindahl, C. Rappe and H.-R. Buser, Formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated diphenylethers, Chemosphere 9, 351-361 (1980).
19. S. Sinkkonen and J. Koistinen, Chlorinated and methylated dibenzothiophenes: Preparation of model compounds and their analysis from some environmental samples, Chemosphere 21, 1161-1171 (1990).
20. 1H NMR spectroscopy, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 47, 7-20 (1992).
21. 1H NMR spectroscopy of 3-monochloro-, 1,3-dichloro-, 1,3,4-trichloro-and some other substituted dibenzothiophenes, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 50, 117-128 (1993).
22. J. Tarhanen, J. Koistinen, J. Paasivirta, P.J. Vuorinen, J. Koivusaari, I. Nuuja, N. Kananen and R. Tatsukawa, Toxic significance of planar aromatic compounds in Baltic ecosystem-New studies on extremely toxic coplanar PCBs, Chemosphere 18, 1067-1077 (1989).
23. H.-R. Buser, Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in chlorinated phenols by mass fragmentography, J. Chromatogr. 107, 295-310 (1975).
24. A. Reischl, M. Reissinger and O. Hutzinger, Occurrence and distribution of atmospheric organic micropollutants in conifer needles, Chemosphere 16, 2647-2652 (1987).
25. S. Sinkkonen, Isolation of chlorinated dibenzothiophenes by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, J. Chromatogr. 553, 453457 (1991).
26. DIOXINS A Program for Research and Actions. National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, Solna, Sweden.
27. C. Rappe, R. Andersson, P.-A. Bergqvist, C. Brohede, M. Hansson, L-O. Kjeller, G. Lindström, S. Marklund, M. Nygren, S. E. Swanson, M. Tysklind and K. Wiberg, Overview of environmental fate of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. Sources, levels and isomeric pattern in various matrixes, Chemosphere 16, 1603-1618 (1987).
28. Z. Cai, D. E. Giblin, V. M. S. Ramanujam and M. L. Gross, Mass-profile monitoring in trace analysis: Identification of polychlorodibenzothiophenes in grab tissues collected from the Newark/Raritan Bay system, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 1535-1538 (1994).