Prevention of mucosal Escherichia coli infection by FimH-adhesin-based systemic vaccination

Science

Volumn 276, Issue 5312, 1997, Pages 607-611

  Langermann, Solomon ^a   Palaszynski, Susan ^a   Barnhart, Michelle ^b   Auguste, Gale ^a   Pinkner, Jerome S ^b   Burlein, Jeanne ^a   Barren, Philip ^a   Koenig, Scott ^a   Leath, Simon ^a   Jones, C Hal ^b   Hultgren, Scott J ^b  

^a Medlmmune Inc   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADHESIN; VACCINE;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYSTITIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE THERAPY; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFECTION PREVENTION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; VACCINATION;

ADHESINS, BACTERIAL; ADHESINS, ESCHERICHIA COLI; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BACTERIAL VACCINES; CHILD; CYSTITIS; EPITHELIUM; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FEMALE; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, MUCOSAL; MICE; MICE, INBRED C3H; NEUTROPHILS; RABBITS; URINARY BLADDER; VACCINATION; VACCINES, SYNTHETIC;

EID: 0030948568     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5312.607     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. S. J. Hultgren, S. Normark, S. N. Abraham, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45, 383 (1991); F. Jacob-Dubuisson, M. Kuehn, S. J. Hultgren, Trends Microbiol. 1, 50 (1993); S. J. Hultgren and C. H. Jones, ASM News 61, 457 (1995).
2. S. J. Hultgren, S. Normark, S. N. Abraham, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45, 383 (1991); F. Jacob-Dubuisson, M. Kuehn, S. J. Hultgren, Trends Microbiol. 1, 50 (1993); S. J. Hultgren and C. H. Jones, ASM News 61, 457 (1995).
3. S. J. Hultgren, S. Normark, S. N. Abraham, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45, 383 (1991); F. Jacob-Dubuisson, M. Kuehn, S. J. Hultgren, Trends Microbiol. 1, 50 (1993); S. J. Hultgren and C. H. Jones, ASM News 61, 457 (1995).
4. S. J. Hultgren et al., Cell 73, 887 (1993).
5. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
6. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
7. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
8. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
9. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
10. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
11. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
12. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
13. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
14. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
15. E. H. Beachey, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325 (1981); S. D. Acre, R. E. Isaacson, L. A. Babiuk, R. A. Kapitany, Infect. Immun. 25, 121 (1979); C. Brinton et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1242-1245; R. E. Isaacson, E. A. Dean, R. I. Morgan, H. W. Moon, Infect. Immun. 29, 824 (1980); R. I. Morgan, R. E. Isaacson, H. W. Moon, C. C. Brinton, C. C. To, ibid. 22, 771 (1978); B. Nagy, H. W. Moon, R. E. Isaacson, C. C. To, C. C. Brinton, ibid. 21, 269 (1978); J. M. Rutter and G. W. Jones, Nature 242, 531 (1973); C. C. Brinton et al., in Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. F. Brooks and E. C. Gotschlich, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978), pp. 155-178; F. J. Silverblatt and L. S. Cohen, J. Clin. Invest. 64, 333 (1979); F. J. Silverblatt and I. Ofek, J. Infect. Dis. 138, 664 (1978); E. Tramont et al., in Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, J. D. Nelson and C. Grassi, Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980), pp. 1240-1242.
16. S. N. Abraham, D. Sun, J. B. Dale, E. H. Beachey, Nature 336, 682 (1988); B. I. Marklund et al., Mol. Microbiol. 6, 2225 (1992).
17. S. N. Abraham, D. Sun, J. B. Dale, E. H. Beachey, Nature 336, 682 (1988); B. I. Marklund et al., Mol. Microbiol. 6, 2225 (1992).
18. G. F. Gerlach, S. Clegg, B. L. Allen, J. Bacteriol. 171, 1262 (1989).
19. F. Lindberg, B. Lund, L. Johansson, S. Normark, Nature 328, 84 (1987); M. S. Hanson and C. C. Brinton, ibid. 332, 265 (1988).
20. F. Lindberg, B. Lund, L. Johansson, S. Normark, Nature 328, 84 (1987); M. S. Hanson and C. C. Brinton, ibid. 332, 265 (1988).
21. S. J. Hultgren et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4357 (1989); M. J. Kuehn, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 88, 10586 (1991).
22. S. J. Hultgren et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4357 (1989); M. J. Kuehn, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 88, 10586 (1991).
23. C. H. Jones et al., ibid. 92, 2081 (1995).
24. D. L. Hung, S. D. Knight, R. M. Woods, J. S. Pinkner, S. J. Hultgren, EMBO J. 15, 3792 (1996).
25. A. Holmgren, M. Kuehn, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 11, 1617 (1992); L. N. Slonim, J. S. Pinkner, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid., p. 4747; M. J. Kuehn et al., Science 262, 1234 (1993); C. H. Jones et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8397 (1993).
26. A. Holmgren, M. Kuehn, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 11, 1617 (1992); L. N. Slonim, J. S. Pinkner, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid., p. 4747; M. J. Kuehn et al., Science 262, 1234 (1993); C. H. Jones et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8397 (1993).
27. A. Holmgren, M. Kuehn, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 11, 1617 (1992); L. N. Slonim, J. S. Pinkner, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid., p. 4747; M. J. Kuehn et al., Science 262, 1234 (1993); C. H. Jones et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8397 (1993).
28. A. Holmgren, M. Kuehn, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid. 11, 1617 (1992); L. N. Slonim, J. S. Pinkner, C. I. Branden, S. J. Hultgren, ibid., p. 4747; M. J. Kuehn et al., Science 262, 1234 (1993); C. H. Jones et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8397 (1993).
29. J. D. Sobel, Med. Clin. North Am. 75, 253 (1991).
30. T. M. Hooton et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 468 (1996).
31. W. E. Stamm and T. M. Hooton, ibid. 329, 1328 (1993); C. M. Kunin, Clin. Infect. Dis. 18, 1 (1994).
32. W. E. Stamm and T. M. Hooton, ibid. 329, 1328 (1993); C. M. Kunin, Clin. Infect. Dis. 18, 1 (1994).
33. A. Lomberg and C. Svanborg-Eden, Monogr. Allergy 24, 35 (1988).
34. J. A. Roberts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 11889 (1994).
35. J. P. Duguid and D. C. Old, in Bacterial Adherence, Receptors and Recognition, E. H. Beachey, Ed. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1977), pp. 184-217; J. E. Salit and E. Gotschlich, J. Exp. Med. 146, 1182 (1977); I. Ofek, A. Mosek, N. Sharon, Infect. Immun. 34, 708 (1981); A. J. Schaeffer, S. K. Amundsen, L. N. Schnidt, ibid. 24, 753 (1979).
36. J. P. Duguid and D. C. Old, in Bacterial Adherence, Receptors and Recognition, E. H. Beachey, Ed. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1977), pp. 184-217; J. E. Salit and E. Gotschlich, J. Exp. Med. 146, 1182 (1977); I. Ofek, A. Mosek, N. Sharon, Infect. Immun. 34, 708 (1981); A. J. Schaeffer, S. K. Amundsen, L. N. Schnidt, ibid. 24, 753 (1979).
37. J. P. Duguid and D. C. Old, in Bacterial Adherence, Receptors and Recognition, E. H. Beachey, Ed. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1977), pp. 184-217; J. E. Salit and E. Gotschlich, J. Exp. Med. 146, 1182 (1977); I. Ofek, A. Mosek, N. Sharon, Infect. Immun. 34, 708 (1981); A. J. Schaeffer, S. K. Amundsen, L. N. Schnidt, ibid. 24, 753 (1979).
38. J. P. Duguid and D. C. Old, in Bacterial Adherence, Receptors and Recognition, E. H. Beachey, Ed. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1977), pp. 184-217; J. E. Salit and E. Gotschlich, J. Exp. Med. 146, 1182 (1977); I. Ofek, A. Mosek, N. Sharon, Infect. Immun. 34, 708 (1981); A. J. Schaeffer, S. K. Amundsen, L. N. Schnidt, ibid. 24, 753 (1979).
39. S. J. Hultgren, T. N. Porter, A. J. Schaeffer, J. L. Duncan, Infect. Immun. 50, 370 (1985).
40. S. J. Hultgren, W. R. Schwann, A. J. Schaeffer, J. L. Duncan, ibid. 54, 613 (1986).
41. H. L. T. Mobley et al., Mol. Microbiol. 10, 143 (1993).
42. H. Connell et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 9827 (1996).
43. L. Maurer and P. E. Orndorff, J. Bacteriol. 169, 640 (1987); M. S. Hanson and C. C. Brinton, ibid. 170, 3350 (1988); S. N. Abraham, J. D. Goguen, D. Sun, P. Klemm, E. H. Beachey, ibid. 169, 5530 (1987).
44. L. Maurer and P. E. Orndorff, J. Bacteriol. 169, 640 (1987); M. S. Hanson and C. C. Brinton, ibid. 170, 3350 (1988); S. N. Abraham, J. D. Goguen, D. Sun, P. Klemm, E. H. Beachey, ibid. 169, 5530 (1987).
45. L. Maurer and P. E. Orndorff, J. Bacteriol. 169, 640 (1987); M. S. Hanson and C. C. Brinton, ibid. 170, 3350 (1988); S. N. Abraham, J. D. Goguen, D. Sun, P. Klemm, E. H. Beachey, ibid. 169, 5530 (1987).
46. P. Falk et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2035 (1993); D. R. Cundell, N. P. Gerard, C. Gerard, I. Idanpaan-Heikkila, E. I. Tuomanen, Nature 377, 435 (1995); J. W. St. Geme III, Infect. Immun. 62, 3881 (1994); R. Lindstedt et al., ibid. 57, 3389 (1989).
47. P. Falk et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2035 (1993); D. R. Cundell, N. P. Gerard, C. Gerard, I. Idanpaan-Heikkila, E. I. Tuomanen, Nature 377, 435 (1995); J. W. St. Geme III, Infect. Immun. 62, 3881 (1994); R. Lindstedt et al., ibid. 57, 3389 (1989).
48. P. Falk et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2035 (1993); D. R. Cundell, N. P. Gerard, C. Gerard, I. Idanpaan-Heikkila, E. I. Tuomanen, Nature 377, 435 (1995); J. W. St. Geme III, Infect. Immun. 62, 3881 (1994); R. Lindstedt et al., ibid. 57, 3389 (1989).
49. P. Falk et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2035 (1993); D. R. Cundell, N. P. Gerard, C. Gerard, I. Idanpaan-Heikkila, E. I. Tuomanen, Nature 377, 435 (1995); J. W. St. Geme III, Infect. Immun. 62, 3881 (1994); R. Lindstedt et al., ibid. 57, 3389 (1989).
50. To assess mannose inhibition of binding activity by type 1-piliated NU14, we suspended fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled NU14 in a 15% mannose solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before the in situ tissue hybridization assay described in Fig. 1.
51. - strain, NU14-1, was constructed by introducing pJEB521 from SM10γpir into the E. coli clinical isolate NU14 by filter mating. Selection for incorporation of the fimH knockout sequences into the NU14 strain was by chloramphenicol and ampicillin resistance, with subsequent analysis for the loss of the ability to hemagglutinate guinea pig red blood cells. Colonies that had lost hemagglutination activity were repeatedly passed in liquid media lacking ampicillin. Serial dilutions were plated on chloramphenicol media and screened for the loss of ampicillin resistance, indicative of the loss of suicide vector sequences. Chloramphenicol-resistant colonies that were ampicillin sensitive were again screened for the inability to hemagglutinate guinea pig red blood cells. One such colony (ampicillin sensitive, chloramphenicol resistant, hemagglutination negative) was designated NU14-1 and used for the binding studies as well as for further comparative studies; DNA blots of chromosomal DNA from NU14-1 confirmed that the mutation was specifically at the fimH locus. Electron microscopy revealed that the mutation also greatly reduced piliation.
52. P. E. Orndorff and S. Falkow, J. Bacteriol. 159, 736 (1984); F. Jacob-Dubuisson, F. Heuser, K. Dodson, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, EMBO J. 12, 837 (1993).
53. P. E. Orndorff and S. Falkow, J. Bacteriol. 159, 736 (1984); F. Jacob-Dubuisson, F. Heuser, K. Dodson, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, EMBO J. 12, 837 (1993).
54. F. C. Minion, S. N. Abraham, E. H. Beachey, J. D. Goguen, J. Bacteriol. 165, 1033 (1989).
55. New Zealand White rabbits (female, 2.5 kg) were injected subcutaneously with 200 μg of FimC-H, FimHt, or whole type 1 pili (day 0) and boosted with 50 μg of each of the corresponding proteins (week 4). Bleeds were obtained every 3 to 4 weeks, and endpoint titers to FimH and whole type 1 pili were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described in Fig. 2.
56. H. Li and D. H. Walker, Infect. Immun. 60, 2030 (1992).
57. W. W. Agace et al., ibid. 61, 602 (1993).
58. Escherichia coli was isolated from urine specimens obtained from adult female or pediatric patients with urinary tract infections at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York or Children's Hospital in Boston, MA. Bacteria were grown in static broth at 37°C for 48 hours to induce type 1 pilus expression (24). Expression of type 1 pili was confirmed by hemagglutination of a 3% solution of guinea pig erythrocytes and inhibition of hemagglutination by a 10 mM solution of α-methyl mannoside (39).
59. D. C. Dodd and B. I. Eisenstein, Infect. Immun. 38, 764 (1982).
60. Escherichia coli strains were induced for P pilus expression by overnight growth on tryptic soy agar (TSA) at 37°C. Organisms were tested for mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of a 3% suspension of human red blood cells (HuRBCs) to screen for P pilus expression. Strains that were positive for MRHA of 3% HuRBCs were tested for inhibition by antisera to PapGII to confirm P pilus expression. Escherichia coli strains were also tested for MRHA of a 3% suspension of swine red blood cells (SwRBCs) to screen for S pilus expression.
61. L. Hagberg et al., Infect. Immun. 40, 273 (1983); P. O'Hanley, D. Lark, S. Falkow, G. Schoolnik, J. Clin. Invest. 75, 347 (1985); H. L. T. Mobley et al., Infect. Immun. 58, 1281 (1990).
62. L. Hagberg et al., Infect. Immun. 40, 273 (1983); P. O'Hanley, D. Lark, S. Falkow, G. Schoolnik, J. Clin. Invest. 75, 347 (1985); H. L. T. Mobley et al., Infect. Immun. 58, 1281 (1990).
63. L. Hagberg et al., Infect. Immun. 40, 273 (1983); P. O'Hanley, D. Lark, S. Falkow, G. Schoolnik, J. Clin. Invest. 75, 347 (1985); H. L. T. Mobley et al., Infect. Immun. 58, 1281 (1990).
64. 7 CFU of type 1-piliated E. coli strain NU14 at week 29 after immunization. The average number of colony-forming units per bladder for each group of 10 mice was evaluated as described for Fig. 4C 2 days after the intraurethral challenge. A 100-fold reduction was seen in the number of recoverable organisms for FimHt-immunized mice as compared with CFA or IFA naïve controls (P = 0.0001).
65. H. H. Collins et al., J. Infect. Dis. 159, 1073 (1989); S. M. Opal et al., ibid. 161, 1148 (1990).
66. H. H. Collins et al., J. Infect. Dis. 159, 1073 (1989); S. M. Opal et al., ibid. 161, 1148 (1990).
67. X. R. Wu, T. T. Sun, J. J. Medina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 9630 (1996).
68. M. M. Levine, R. E. Black, C. C. Brinton, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 33, 83 (1982).
69. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
70. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
71. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
72. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
73. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
74. S. Marieke van Ham, L. van Alphen, F. R. Mooi, J. P. M. van Putten, Infect. Immun. 63, 4883 (1995); K. W. McCrea, W. J. Watson, J. R. Gilsdorf, C. F. Marrs, ibid. 62, 4992 (1994); B. Lund, F. P. Lindberg, M. Baga, S. Normark, J. Bacteriol. 162, 1293 (1985); M. J. Kuehn, J. Heuser, S. Normark, S. J. Hultgren, Nature 356, 252 (1992); X. Nassif et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3769 (1994); T. Rudel, I. Scheuerpflug, T. F. Meyer, Nature 373, 357 (1995).
75. R. Striker, U. Nilsson, A. Stonecipher, G. Magnusson, S. J. Hultgren, Mol. Microbiol. 16, 1021 (1995).
76. J. P. Duguid, S. Clegg, M. I. Wilson, J. Med. Microbiol. 12, 213 (1979); N. Fron, I. Ofek, N. Sharon, Carbohydr. Res. 120, 235 (1983); C. S. Giampapa, S. N. Abraham, T. M. Chiang, E. H. Beachey, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5362 (1988).
77. J. P. Duguid, S. Clegg, M. I. Wilson, J. Med. Microbiol. 12, 213 (1979); N. Fron, I. Ofek, N. Sharon, Carbohydr. Res. 120, 235 (1983); C. S. Giampapa, S. N. Abraham, T. M. Chiang, E. H. Beachey, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5362 (1988).
78. J. P. Duguid, S. Clegg, M. I. Wilson, J. Med. Microbiol. 12, 213 (1979); N. Fron, I. Ofek, N. Sharon, Carbohydr. Res. 120, 235 (1983); C. S. Giampapa, S. N. Abraham, T. M. Chiang, E. H. Beachey, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5362 (1988).
79. The bacteria - epithelial cell mixtures in the binding assay were incubated while being mixed at 37°C to achieve maximal binding, then gently washed two times with PBS to remove nonadherent bacteria; after the second wash the epithelial cell pellet was resuspended in PBS, and the samples were assayed by flow cytometry. Background fluorescence was determined by analysis of J82 cells alone.
80. Mice were inoculated with bacteria by inserting a polyethylene catheter adapted to a flat-end 30-gauge needle on a 1-ml tuberculin syringe into the bladder transurethrally and infusing 0.05 ml of a bacterial suspension in PBS. Two days after challenge, the mice were killed and the bladders were removed aseptically, homogenized, and cultured on TSA plates supplemented with streptomycin. To assess ascending infection into the kidney, we killed the mice and removed the kidneys aseptically 7 days after challenge, homogenized them, and cultured them on TSA plates supplemented with streptomycin.
81. Supported by NIH grant RO1DK51406 and by Medlmmune (S.J.H.). S.J.H. and Washington University have a financial interest in Medlmmune.