See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: Why do relatively few male victims of childhood sexual abuse receive help for abuse-related issues in adulthood?

Clinical Psychology Review

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 69-88

  Holmes, Guy R ^a   Offen, Liz ^b   Waller, Glenn ^b  

^a Psychology Consultancy Service   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD ABUSE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PHYSICIAN ATTITUDE; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SOCIAL ASPECT;

EID: 0030948506     PISSN: 02727358     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(96)00047-5     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Badgley, R., Allard, H., McCormick, N., Proudfoot, P., Fortin, D., Ogilvie, D., Rae-Grant, Q., Gelinas, P., Pepin, L., & Sutherland, S. (1984). Sexual offences against children (Vol. 1). Ottawa: Canadian Government Publishing Centre.
2. Baker, A. W., & Duncan, S. P. (1985). Child sexual abuse: a study of prevalence in Great Britain. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 457-467.
3. Blumer, H. (1971). Social problems as collective behaviour. Social Problems, 18, 298-306.
4. Bolton, F. G., Morris, L. A., & MacEachron, A. E. (1989). Males at risk: The other side of child sexual abuse. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
5. Boyd, J., & Beail, N. (1994). Gender issues in male sexual abuse. Clinical Psychology Forum, 64, 35-38.
6. Briere, J. (1992). Methodological issues in the study of sexual abuse effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 196-203.
7. Briere, J., Evans, D., Runtz, M., & Wall, T. (1988). Symptomatology in men who were molested as children: A comparison study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 457-461.
8. Briere, J., & Zaidi, L. Y. (1989). Sexual abuse histories and sequelae in female psychiatric emergency room patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1602-1606.
9. Briggs, F., & Hawkins, R. M. F. (1996). A comparison of the childhood experiences of male child molesters and men who were sexually abused in childhood and claimed to be non-offenders. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 221-233.
10. Broussard, S. D., & Wagner, W. G. (1988). Child sexual abuse: Who is to blame? Child Abuse and Neglect, 12, 563-569.
11. Brown, J. (1990). The treatment of male victims with mixed-gender short-term psychotherapy. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol 2. Application and treatment strategies (pp. 135-169). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
12. Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of sexual abuse: A review of the research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 66-77.
13. Bruckner, D. F., & Johnson, P. E. (1987). Treatment for adult male victims of childhood sexual abuse. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 68, 81-87.
14. Cahill, C., Llewelyn, S. P., & Pearson, C. (1991). Long-term effects of sexual abuse which occurred in childhood: A review. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 117-130.
15. Cole, P. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1992). Effect of incest on self and social functioning: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 174-184.
16. Collings, S. J. (1995). The long-term effects of contact and noncontact forms of child sexual abuse in a sample of college men. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 1-6.
17. Condy, S. R., Templer, D. I., Brown, R., & Veaco, L. (1987). Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 16, 379-394.
18. Conte, J. R., & Schuerman, J. R. (1987). Factors associated with an increased impact of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 11, 201-211.
19. Dimock, P. T. (1988). Adult males sexually abused as children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 3, 203-221.
20. Eisenberg, N., Owens, R. G., & Dewey, M. E. (1987). Attitudes of health professionals to child sexual abuse and incest. Child Abuse and Neglect, 11, 109-116.
21. Evans, M. C. (1990). The needs of a blue-eyed Arab: Crisis intervention with male sexual assault survivors. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 193-225). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
22. Faller, K. C. (1989). Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: How boy and girl victims differ. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 281-291.
23. Finkelhor, D. (1979). Sexually victimized children. New York: Free Press.
24. Finkelhor, D. (1984). Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. New York: Free Press.
25. Finkelhor, D. (1990). Early and long-term effects of child sexual abuse: An update. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 325-330.
26. Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14, 19-28.
27. Frenken, J., & Van Stolk, B. (1990). Incest victims: Inadequate help by professionals. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14, 253-263.
28. Fromuth, M. E., & Burkhart, B. R. (1987). Childhood sexual victimization among college men: Definitional and methodological issues. Violence and Victims, 2, 241-253.
29. Fromuth, M. E., & Burkhart, B. R. (1989). Long-term correlates of childhood sexual abuse in two samples of college men. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 533-542.
30. Garrett, T. (1994). Epidemiology in the USA. In D. Jehu (Ed.), Patients as victims: Sexual abuse in psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 27-35). Chichester: Wiley.
31. Garrett, T., & Davis, J. (1994). Epidemiology in the UK. In D. Jehu (Ed.), Patients as victims: Sexual abuse in psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 37-57). Chichester: Wiley.
32. Gerber, P. N. (1990). Victims becoming offenders: A study of ambiguities. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 153-176). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
33. Groth, A. N. (1979). Sexual trauma in the life histories of rapists and child molesters. Victimology: An International Journal, 4, 10-16.
34. Holmes, G. R. & Offen, L. (1996). Clinicians' hypotheses regarding clients' problems: Are they less likely to hypothesise sexual abuse in male compared to female clients? Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 493-501.
35. Hunter, M. (1990). Abused boys: The neglected victims of sexual abuse. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
36. Hunter, M., & Gerber, P. N. (1990). Use of the terms victim and survivor in the grief stages commonly seen in recovery from sexual abuse. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol 2. Application and treatment strategies (pp. 79-89). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
37. Jacobson, A., & Richardson, B. (1987). Assault experiences of 100 psychiatric inpatients: Evidence of the need for routine enquiry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 908-913.
38. Johanek, M. F. (1988). Treatment of male victims of child sexual abuse in military service. In S. M. Sgroi (Ed.), Vulnerable populations: Vol 1. Evaluation and treatment of sexually abused children and adult survivors (pp. 103-114). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
39. Johnson, R. L., & Shrier, D. (1987). Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 650-652.
40. Kasl, C. D. (1990). Female perpetrators of sexual abuse: A feminist view. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 259-274). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
41. Kaufman, A. (1984). Rape of men in the community. In I. R. Stuart & J. G. Greer (Eds.), Victims of sexual aggression: Treatment of children, women and men. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
42. Kaufman, J., & Zigler, E. (1987). Do abused children become abusive parents? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 186-192.
43. Kelley, S. J., Brant, R., & Waterman, J. (1993). Sexual abuse of children in day care centres. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 71-89.
44. Krug, R. S. (1989). Adult male report of childhood sexual abuse by mothers: Case descriptions, motivations and long-term consequences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 111-119.
45. Kuyken, W. (1995). The psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: A review of the literature and implications for treatment. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 108-121.
46. Langsley, D. G., Schwartz, M. N., & Fairbairn, R. H. (1968). Father-son incest. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 9, 218-226.
47. Lawson, C. (1993). Mother-son sexual abuse: Rare or underreported? A critique of the research. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 261-269.
48. Lew, M. (1990). Victims no longer: Men recovering from incest and other childhood sexual abuse (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
49. Masson, J. M. (1984). The assault on truth: Freud's suppression of the seduction theory. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
50. McMullen, R. J. (1990). Male rape: Breaking the silence of the last taboo. London: GMP.
51. Meltzer, H., Gill, B., Petticrew, M., & Hinds, K. (1995). The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys/HMSO.
52. Mendel, M. P. (1995). The male survivor: The impact of sexual abuse. London: Sage.
53. Mills, A. (1993). Helping male victims of sexual abuse. Nursing Standard, 7, 36-39.
54. Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E., & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: A community study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 7-21.
55. Nasjleti, M. (1980). Suffering in silence: The male incest victim. Child Welfare, 59, 269-275.
56. Neilsen, T. (1983). Sexual abuse of boys: Current perspectives. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62, 139-142.
57. Olson, P. E. (1990). The sexual abuse of boys: A study of the long-term psychological effects. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 137-152). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
58. Peters, S., Wyatt, G., & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Prevalence. In D. Finkelhor (Ed.), A sourcebook on child sexual abuse (pp. 15-59). Newbury Park: Sage.
59. Petrovich, M., & Templer, D. I. (1984). Heterosexual molestation of children who later become rapists. Psychological Reports, 54, 810-811.
60. Pierce, R., & Pierce, L. H. (1985). The sexually abused child: A comparison of male and female victims. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 191-199.
61. Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. (1990). Sexually abused boys: Indicators, abusers and impact of trauma. Paper presented at the Third National Conference on the Male Survivor, Tucson.
62. Roesler, T. A., & McKenzie, N. (1994). Effects of childhood trauma on psychological functioning in adults sexually abused as children. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 145-150.
63. Rogers, C. M., & Terry, T. (1984). Clinical interventions with boy victims of sexual abuse. In I. Stewart & J. Greer (Eds.), Victims of sexual aggression (pp. 91-104). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
64. Rosenfeld, A. A. (1979). Incidence of a history of incest among 18 female psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 791-795.
65. Sebold, J. (1987). Indicators of child sexual abuse in males. Social Casework, 68, 75-80.
66. Schulte, J. G., Dinwiddie, S. H., Pribor, E. F., & Yutzy, S. H. (1995). Psychiatric diagnoses of adult male victims of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 111-113.
67. Singer, K. J. (1989). Group work with men who experience incest in childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 468-472.
68. Spaccarelli, S. (1994). Stress, appraisal and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 340-362.
69. Spector, M., & Kitsuse, J. I. (1987). Constructing social problems. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
70. Spencer, M. J., & Dunklee, P. (1986). Sexual abuse of boys. Pediatrics, 78, 133-137.
71. Stein, J. A., Golding, J. M., Siegel, J. M., Burnam, M. A., & Sorenson, S. B. (1988). Long-term psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse: The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. In G. E. Wyatt & G. J. Powell (Eds.), Lasting effects of child sexual abuse (pp. 135-154). Newbury Park: Sage.
72. Steele, K., & Colrain, J, (1990). Abreactive work with sexual abuse survivors: Concepts and techniques. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 2. Application and treatment strategies (pp. 1-55). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
73. Struve, J. (1990). Dancing with the patriarchy: The politics of sexual abuse. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 3-46). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
74. Urquiza A. J., & Capra, M. (1990). The impact of sexual abuse: Initial and long-term effects. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 105-136). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
75. Urquiza, A. J., & Keating, L. M. (1990). The prevalence of sexual victimization of males. In M. Hunter (Ed.), The sexually abused male: Vol. 1. Prevalence, impact and treatment (pp. 89-104). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
76. van der Kolk, B. A., & van der Hart, O. (1989). Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1530-1540.
77. Vander Mey, B. J. (1988). The sexual victimization of male children: A review of previous research. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12, 61-72.
78. Von Glaserfeld, E. (1984). An introduction to radical constructivism. In P. Watzlawick (Ed.), The invented reality (pp. 17-40). London: Norton.
79. Waller, G., & Ruddock, A. (1993). Experiences of disclosure of childhood sexual abuse and psychopathology. Child Abuse Review, 2, 185-195.
80. Watkins, B., & Bentovim, A. (1992). The sexual abuse of male children and adolescents: A review of current research. Journal, of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 197-248.