Estrogen and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Volumn 3, Issue 2 SUPPL., 1997, Pages

  Battistini, Michelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRADIOL; ESTRATEST; ESTROGEN; ESTRONE; GESTAGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; METHYLTESTOSTERONE; NORETHISTERONE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; NORGESTREL; OVERETTE; PIPERAZINE ESTRONE SULFATE; PROGESTERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; BREAST CANCER; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FRACTURE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRANSDERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VAGINA BLEEDING;

EID: 0030947352     PISSN: 10761608     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00124743-199704001-00007     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (47)

1. Kanis JA. Osteoporosis. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1994.
2. Lindsay R. The menopause and osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(2S):16S-19S.
3. Kleerekoper M, Avioli LV. Evaluation and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. New York: Raven Press, 1993.
4. Hergenroeder AC. Bone mineralization, hypothalamic amennorhea, and sex steroid therapy in female adolescents and young adults. J Pediatr 1995;126:683-9.
5. Schachter M, Shoham Z. Amenorrhea during the reproductive years - is it safe? Fertil Steril 1994;62:1-16.
6. Lindsay R. Pathophysiology of bone loss. In: Lobos RA, editor. Treatment of the postmenopausal woman. New York: Raven Press, 1994;169.
7. APGO Educational Series of Women's Health Issues. Osteoporosis: diagnosis, treatment, monitoring. Washington, DC: Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1996.
8. McGuire JL, Marks SCJ. The effects of PTH on bone cell structure and function. Clin Orthop 1974;10:392-405.
9. Cosman F, Shen V, Xie F, et al. A mechanism of estrogen action on the skeleton: protection against the resorbing effects of (1-34)hPTH infusion as assessed by biochemical markers. Science 1988;241:81-4.
10. Manolagas SC, Jilka RL. Bone marrow, cytokines, and bone remodeling: emerging insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995;332:305-11.
11. Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Involutional osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1676-86.
12. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, Transbol I. Bone mass in postmenopausal women after withdrawal of oestrogen, gestagen replacement therapy. Lancet 1981;1:459-61.
13. Lindsay R. The menopause: sex steroids and osteoporosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1987;30: 847-59.
14. Quigley ME, Martin PL, Burnier AM, Brooks P. Estrogen therapy arrests bone loss in elderly women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;156: 1516-23.
15. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PW, Anderson JJ. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density on elderly women. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 1141-6.
16. Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:620-7.
17. Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud K, Ettinger B, Black D, Cummings SR. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:9-16.
18. Hammond CB. Women's concerns with hormone replacement therapy - compliance issues. International Consensus Conference on Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Cardiovascular System. Fertil Steril 1994;62:157S-160S.
19. Kanis JA. Treatment of osteoporosis in elderly women. Am J Med 1995;98(2A):60S-66S.
20. Langer RD, Barrett-Connor E. Extended hormone replacement: who should get it, and for how long? Geriatrics 1994;49:20-4.
21. Marx CW, Dailey GE III, Cheney C, et al. Do estrogens improve bone mineral density in women over age 65? J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:1275-9.
22. Christiansen D, Riis BJ. 17B estradiol and continuous norethistrone: a unique treatment for established osteoporosis in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:836-41.
23. Lafferty RW, Fiske ME. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement: a long-term cohort study. Am J Med 1994;97:66-77.
24. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:95-103.
25. Lindsay R. The menopause: sex steroids and osteoporosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1987;30: 847-59.
26. Kanis JA. Treatment of osteoporosis in elderly women. Am J Med 1993;98(2A):60S-64S.
27. Lindsay L, Hart DM, Clark DM. The minimum, effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:759-63.
28. Hammond CB, Jelovsek FR, Lee KL, Creasman WT, Parker RT. Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy-II. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;133:537-47.
29. Gambrell RD Jr. Use of progestogen therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;156:1304-13.
30. Persson I, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer after treatment with oestrogens alone or in conjunction with progestogens: results of a prospective study. Br Med J 1989;298:147-51.
31. Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: the postmenopausal estrogens/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA 1995; 273:199-208.
32. Woodruff JD, Pickar JH. Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate of conjugated estrogens alone: the menopause study group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170: 1213-23.
33. Bush T, Barrett-Conor E, Cowan L, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results form the lipid research clinics program follow-up study. Circulation 1987;75:1102-9.
34. Henderson BE, Paganani-Hill A, Ross RK. Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:75-8.
35. Stevenson J, Crook D, Godslanmd I, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and the cardiovascular system: nonlipid effects. Drugs 1994; 47(2S):35-41.
36. Sullivan J, Vander Zwaag R, Hughes J, et al. Estrogen replacement and coronary artery disease: effect on survival in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:2557-62.
37. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;335:453-61.
38. Pagnani-Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:256-61.
39. Tang M, Jacobs D, Stern Y, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996;438:429-32.
40. Okhura T, Isse K, Akazawa K, Hammamoto M, Yaoi Y, Hagino N. Low dose estrogen therapy for Alzheimer disease in women. Menopause 1994;1:125-30.
41. Brenner DE, Kukull WA, Stergachis A, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:262-7.
42. Henderson VW, Pagnani-Hill A, Emanuel CK, Dunn ME, Buckwalter JG. Estrogen replacement therapy in older women. Arch Neurol 1994;51:896-900.
43. Speroff L. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(2S):44S-54S.
44. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1589-93.
45. Stanford JL, Weiss NS, Voight LF, Daling JR, Hable LA, Rossing MA. Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle aged women. JAMA 1995;274:137-42.
46. Grady D, Rubin S, Pettiti DB, et al. Hormone replacement therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:1016-35.
47. Archer DF, Pickar JH, Bottiglioni F. Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women taking continuous combined or sequential regimens of conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:686-92.