Analysis of medication off-odors using an electronic nose

Chemical Senses

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 119-128

  Schiffman, Susan S ^a   Kermani, Bahram G ^b   Nagle, H Troy ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELASTOMER; FREON; POLYMER;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG PACKAGING; ELECTRONICS; INHALER; ODOR; PACKAGING MATERIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

AEROSOLS; ALGORITHMS; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, METHANE; DRUG PACKAGING; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HUMANS; MICROCOMPUTERS; NEBULIZERS AND VAPORIZERS; ODORS; POLYMERS; REFERENCE STANDARDS; RUBBER;

EID: 0030947078     PISSN: 0379864X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/22.2.119     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Airaudo, C.B., Gayte-Sorbier, A., Momburg, R. and Laurent, P. (1990) Leaching of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerators from rubber closures into drug preparations. J. Biomater Sci. Polym. Ed., 1, 231-241.
2. Amrani, M.E.H., Ibrahim. M.S. and Persaud, K.C. (1993) Synthesis, chemical characterization and multifrequency measurements of poly N-(2-pyridyl) pyrrole for sensing volatile chemicals. Mater. Sci. Engng. C: Biomim. Mater. Sensors Syst., 1, 17-22.
3. AromaScan A32S User's Manual (1995) AromaScan plc. Electra House, Electra Way, Crewe, UK.
4. Berman, J.L. (1985) Dysosmia, dysgeusia, and diltiazem. (Letter.) Ann. Intern. Med., 102, 717.
5. Bigun, J. (1993) Unsupervised feature reduction in image segmentation by local transforms. Pattern Recog. Lett., 14, 573-583.
6. Burl, J.B. (1993) Reduced-order system identification using the Karhunen-Loéve transform. Int. J. Modell. Simul., 13, 183-188.
7. Chen, C.S. and Huo, K.S. (1991) Karhunen-Loéve method for data compression and speech synthesis. IEE Proc. I (Commun. Speech Vis.), 138, 377-380.
8. D'Arcy, P.F. and Woodside, W. (1973) Drug additives: a potential source of bacterial contamination of infusion fluids. Lancet, ii, 96.
9. Deer, H.M., McJilton, C.E. and Harein, P.K. (1987) Respiratory exposure of grain inspection workers to carbon tetrachloride fumigant. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 48, 586-593.
10. Dubois, P. (1976) Les constituants des aromes des aliments. Ann. Nutr. Aliment., 30, 341-348.
11. Erikssen, J., Seegaard, E. and Naess, K. (1975) Side-effect of thiocarbamides. Lancet, i, 231-232.
12. Flaum, I. (1978) Contamination of pharmaceutical products. J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1-11.
13. Freeman, L.R., Silverman, G.J., Angelini, P., Merritt, C., Jr and Esselen, W.B. (1976) Volatiles produced by microorganisms isolated from refrigerated chicken at spoilage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 32, 222-231.
14. Frieben, W.R. (1983) Control of the aseptic processing environment. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 40, 1928-1935.
15. Fukunaga, K. (1992) Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
16. Gardner, J.W., Hines, E.L. and Wilkinson, M. (1990) Application of artificial neural networks to an electronic olfactory system. Measure. Sci. Technol., 1, 446-451.
17. Gardner, J.W. and Bartlett, P.N. (1994) Brief history of electronic noses. Proceedings of the Conference on Eurosensors VII, Budapest, Hungary. Sensors Actuators B: Chem., B18, 211-220.
18. Grossman, S. (1953) Loss of taste and smell due to propylthiouracil therapy. NY State J. Med., 53, 1236
19. Grother, P.J. (1992) Karhunen Loéve feature extraction for neural handwritten character recognition. Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Engng., 1709, 155-166.
20. Hallman, B.L. and Hurst, J.W. Loss of taste as toxic effect of methimazole (Tapazole) therapy: report of three cases. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 152, 322.
21. Hatfield, J.V., Neaves, P., Hicks, P.J., Persaud, K. and Travers, P. (1994) Towards an integrated electronic nose using conducting polymer sensors. Proceedings of the Conference on Eurosensors VII, Budapest, Hungary. Sensors Actuators. B: Chem., B18, 221-228.
22. Hodgins, D. (1995) Development of an electronic 'nose' for industrial and environmental applications. Proceedings of the Eurosensors VIII conference, Part 2 of 4, Toulouse, France. Sensors Actuators, B: Chem., B27, 255-258.
23. Kermani, B.G. (1996) On using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms to improve performance of an electronic nose. Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
24. Levinson, J.L. and Kennedy K. (1985) Dysosmia, dysgeusia, and nifedipine. (Letter.) Ann. Intern. Med., 102, 135-136.
25. Persaud, K.C. (1992) Electronic gas and odour detectors that mimic chemoreception in animals. TrAC, 11, 61-67.
26. Persaud, K.C., Payne, P.A. and Pelosi P. (1990) Design strategies for gas and odour sensors. Microsensors, London. IEEE Colloquium (Digest) 057.
27. Persaud, K.C. and Travers, P. Multielement arrays for sensing volatile chemicals. Intell. Instrum. Comput., 9, 147-154.
28. Physicians' Desk Reference (1995) 49th edn. Montvale, NJ, Medical Economics Data Production.
29. Reepmeyer, J.C. and Juhl, Y.H. (1983) Contamination of injectable solutions with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole leached from rubber closures. J. Pharm. Sci., 72, 1302-1305.
30. Rupp, C.A., Kikugawa, C.A., Kotabe, S.E., Barriere, S.L. and Bowman, W.D. (1977) Quality control of small-volume sterile products. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 34, 47-49.
31. Schiffman, S.S. (1991) Drugs influencing taste and smell perception. In Getchell, T.V., Doty, R.L., Bartoshuk, L.M. and Snow, J.B. (eds), Smell and Taste in Health and Disease. Raven Press, New York, pp. 845-850.
32. Schiffman, S.S. (1983) Taste and smell in disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 1275-1279; 1337-1343.
33. Seydell, E.M. and McKnight, W.P. (1948) Disturbances of olfaction resulting from intranasal use of tyrothricin: a clinical report of seven cases. Arch. Otolaryngol., 47, 465-470.
34. Shurmer, H.V. Electronic nose. A sensitive and discriminating substitute for a mammalian olfactory system. IEE Proc. Part G: Electron. Circuits Syst., 137, 197-204.
35. Shurmer, H.V., Corcoran, P. and Gardner, J.W. (1991) Integrated arrays of gas sensors using conducting polymers with molecular sieves. Proceedings of Eurosensors IV held jointly with SENSOREN Technologie und Anwendung, Karlsruhe, Germany. Sensors Actuators, B: Chem., B4, 29-33; 1991.
36. Shurmer, H.V., Corcoran, P. and James, M.K. (1993) Sensitivity enhancement for gas sensing and electronic nose applications. Proceedings of Eurosensors VI, San Sebastian, Spain. Sensors Actuators. B: Chem., B16, 256-259.
37. Shurmer, H.V. and Gardner, J.W. (1992) Odour discrimination with an electronic nose. Application of an electronic nose to the discrimination of coffees. East-West Workshop on Microelectronic Sensors, Sozopol, Bulgaria. Sensors Actuators, B: Chem., B8, 1-11.
38. Skouby, A.P. and Zilstorff-Pedersen, K. (1954) The influence of acetylcholine-like substances, menthol and strychnine on olfactory receptors in man. Acta Physiol. Scand., 32, 252-258.
39. Squires, E.J., Gullett, E.A., Fisher, K.R. and Partlow, G.D. (1991) Comparison of androst-16-ene steroid levels determined by colorimetric assay with boar taint estimated by a trained sensory panel. J. Anim. Sci., 69, 1092-1100.
40. Zilstorff, K. (1965) Sense of smell alterations by cocaine and tetracaine. Arch. Otolaryngol., 82, 53-55.