메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 386, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 153-161

Drug-induced DNA hypermethylation: A potential mediator of acquired drug resistance during cancer chemotherapy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 AZA 2' DEOXYCYTIDINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CISPLATIN; DNA TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITOR; METHYLTRANSFERASE;

EID: 0030941622     PISSN: 13835742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5742(96)00051-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (49)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0027189799 scopus 로고
    • Genomic instability and metastatic progression
    • Usmani, B.A. (1993) Genomic instability and metastatic progression, Pathobiology 61(2), 109-116.
    • (1993) Pathobiology , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-116
    • Usmani, B.A.1
  • 2
    • 0028071904 scopus 로고
    • Multiple pathways leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis
    • Sweezy, M.A. and Fishel, R. (1994) Multiple pathways leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 726, 165-177.
    • (1994) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.726 , pp. 165-177
    • Sweezy, M.A.1    Fishel, R.2
  • 3
    • 0027354561 scopus 로고
    • Genomic instability and tumor progression: Mechanistic considerations
    • Cheng, K.C. and Loeb, L. (1993) Genomic instability and tumor progression: mechanistic considerations, Adv. Cancer Res., 60, 121-156.
    • (1993) Adv. Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 121-156
    • Cheng, K.C.1    Loeb, L.2
  • 4
    • 0026452949 scopus 로고
    • Defects in a cell cycle checkpoint may be responsible for the genomic instability of cancer cells
    • Hartwell, L. (1992) Defects in a cell cycle checkpoint may be responsible for the genomic instability of cancer cells, Cell, 71(4), 543-546.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 543-546
    • Hartwell, L.1
  • 7
    • 0020557501 scopus 로고
    • 5-Methylcytosine depletion during tumor development: An extension of the miscoding concept
    • Nyce, J., Weinhouse, S. and Magee, P.N. (1983) 5-Methylcytosine depletion during tumor development: an extension of the miscoding concept, Br. J. Cancer, 48(4), 463-475.
    • (1983) Br. J. Cancer , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-475
    • Nyce, J.1    Weinhouse, S.2    Magee, P.N.3
  • 8
    • 0026683779 scopus 로고
    • Interaction and distinction of genotoxic and non-genotoxic events in carcinogenesis
    • Yamasaki, H., Mesnil, M. and Nakazawa, H. (1992) Interaction and distinction of genotoxic and non-genotoxic events in carcinogenesis, Toxicol. Lett., 64-65, 597-604.
    • (1992) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.64-65 , pp. 597-604
    • Yamasaki, H.1    Mesnil, M.2    Nakazawa, H.3
  • 9
    • 0027530945 scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance: Drug-induced DNA hypermethylation and drug resistance
    • Nyce, J., Leonard, S., Canupp, D., Schulz, S. and Wong, S. (1993) Epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance: drug-induced DNA hypermethylation and drug resistance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90(7), 2960-2964.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , Issue.7 , pp. 2960-2964
    • Nyce, J.1    Leonard, S.2    Canupp, D.3    Schulz, S.4    Wong, S.5
  • 10
    • 0028146652 scopus 로고
    • Human breast and colon cancers exhibit alterations of DNA methylation patterns at several DNA segments on chromosomes pp. 11 and pp. 17
    • Ribieras, S., Song-Wang, X.G., Martin, V., Lointier, P., Frappart, L. and Dante, R. (1994) Human breast and colon cancers exhibit alterations of DNA methylation patterns at several DNA segments on chromosomes pp. 11 and pp. 17. J. Cell. Biochem., 56(1), 86-96.
    • (1994) J. Cell. Biochem. , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-96
    • Ribieras, S.1    Song-Wang, X.G.2    Martin, V.3    Lointier, P.4    Frappart, L.5    Dante, R.6
  • 11
    • 0027936406 scopus 로고
    • Progressive increases in the methylation status and heterochromatinization of the myoD CpG island during oncogenic transformation
    • Rideout, W.M. 3rd, Eversole-Cire, P., Spruck, C.H. 3rd, Hustad, C.M., Coetzee, G.A., Gonzales, F.A. and Jones, P.A. (1994) Progressive increases in the methylation status and heterochromatinization of the myoD CpG island during oncogenic transformation, Mol. Cell. Biol., 14(9), 6143-6152.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 6143-6152
    • Rideout W.M. III1    Eversole-Cire, P.2    Spruck C.H. III3    Hustad, C.M.4    Coetzee, G.A.5    Gonzales, F.A.6    Jones, P.A.7
  • 13
    • 0028966572 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic nickel silences gene expression by chromatin condensation and DNA methylation: A new model for epigenetic carcinogens
    • Lee, Y.W., Klein, C.B., Kargacin, B., Salnikow, K., Kitahara, J., Dowjat, K., Zhitkovich, A., Christie, N.T. and Costa, M. (1995) Carcinogenic nickel silences gene expression by chromatin condensation and DNA methylation: a new model for epigenetic carcinogens, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15(5), 2547-2557.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 2547-2557
    • Lee, Y.W.1    Klein, C.B.2    Kargacin, B.3    Salnikow, K.4    Kitahara, J.5    Dowjat, K.6    Zhitkovich, A.7    Christie, N.T.8    Costa, M.9
  • 14
    • 0027962591 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and parental origin of hypermethylated RB1 alleles in retinoblastoma
    • Greger, V., Debus, N., Lohmann, D., Hopping, W., Passarge, E. and Horsthemke, B. (1994) Frequency and parental origin of hypermethylated RB1 alleles in retinoblastoma, Human Genet., 94(5), 491-496.
    • (1994) Human Genet. , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 491-496
    • Greger, V.1    Debus, N.2    Lohmann, D.3    Hopping, W.4    Passarge, E.5    Horsthemke, B.6
  • 15
    • 0028936492 scopus 로고
    • Model for the epigenetic mechanism of action of nongenotoxic carcinogens
    • Costa, M. (1995) Model for the epigenetic mechanism of action of nongenotoxic carcinogens, Am. J. Clin. Nutrition 61(3 Suppl.), 666S-669S.
    • (1995) Am. J. Clin. Nutrition , vol.61 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Costa, M.1
  • 16
    • 0029002319 scopus 로고
    • Demethylation of the estrogen receptor gene in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells can reactivate estrogen receptor gene expression
    • Ferguson, A.T., Lapidus, R.G., Baylin, S.B. and Davidson, N.E. (1995) Demethylation of the estrogen receptor gene in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells can reactivate estrogen receptor gene expression, Cancer Res., 55(11), 2279-2283.
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 2279-2283
    • Ferguson, A.T.1    Lapidus, R.G.2    Baylin, S.B.3    Davidson, N.E.4
  • 17
    • 0029114538 scopus 로고
    • Silencing of the E-cadherin invasion-suppresser gene by CpG methylation in human carcinomas
    • Yoshiura, K., Kanai, Y., Ochiai, A., Shimoyama, Y., Sugimura, T. and Hirohashi, S. (1995) Silencing of the E-cadherin invasion-suppresser gene by CpG methylation in human carcinomas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92(16), 7416-7419.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , Issue.16 , pp. 7416-7419
    • Yoshiura, K.1    Kanai, Y.2    Ochiai, A.3    Shimoyama, Y.4    Sugimura, T.5    Hirohashi, S.6
  • 18
    • 0028912238 scopus 로고
    • Hypermethylation at a chromosome 17 'hot spot' is a common event in ovarian cancer
    • Pieretti, M., Powell, D.E., Gallion, H.H., Conway, P.S., Case, E.A. and Turker, M.S. (1995) Hypermethylation at a chromosome 17 'hot spot' is a common event in ovarian cancer, Hum. Pathol., 26(4), 398-401.
    • (1995) Hum. Pathol. , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 398-401
    • Pieretti, M.1    Powell, D.E.2    Gallion, H.H.3    Conway, P.S.4    Case, E.A.5    Turker, M.S.6
  • 20
    • 0028074299 scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and cancer
    • Laird, P.W. and Jaenisch, R. (1994) DNA methylation and cancer, Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 Spec. No. 1487-1495.
    • (1994) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.3 , Issue.1487-1495 SPEC.
    • Laird, P.W.1    Jaenisch, R.2
  • 22
    • 0027155218 scopus 로고
    • Methylation of the major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) in Philadelphia-positive CML
    • Mills, K.I., Sproul, A.M. and Burnett, A.K. (1993) Methylation of the major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) in Philadelphia-positive CML, Leukemia, 17(5), 707-711.
    • (1993) Leukemia , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 707-711
    • Mills, K.I.1    Sproul, A.M.2    Burnett, A.K.3
  • 24
    • 0027537296 scopus 로고
    • CpG methylation inactivates the promoter activity of the human retinoblastoma tumor-suppresser gene
    • Ohtani-Fujita, N., Fujita, T., Aoike, A., Osifchin, N.E., Robbins, P.D. and Sakai, T. (1993) CpG methylation inactivates the promoter activity of the human retinoblastoma tumor-suppresser gene, Oncogene, 8(4), 1063-1067.
    • (1993) Oncogene , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 1063-1067
    • Ohtani-Fujita, N.1    Fujita, T.2    Aoike, A.3    Osifchin, N.E.4    Robbins, P.D.5    Sakai, T.6
  • 25
    • 0026989172 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal regional hypermethylation in cancer cells
    • Baylin, S. (1992), Abnormal regional hypermethylation in cancer cells, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 8(5), 811-820.
    • (1992) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 811-820
    • Baylin, S.1
  • 26
    • 0027287751 scopus 로고
    • DNA hypermethylation is associated with 17p allelic loss in neural tumors
    • Makos, M., Nelkin, B.D., Chazin, V.R., Cavenee, W.K., Brodeur, G.M. and Baylin, S.B. (1993) DNA hypermethylation is associated with 17p allelic loss in neural tumors, Cancer Res., 53(12), 2715-2718.
    • (1993) Cancer Res. , vol.53 , Issue.12 , pp. 2715-2718
    • Makos, M.1    Nelkin, B.D.2    Chazin, V.R.3    Cavenee, W.K.4    Brodeur, G.M.5    Baylin, S.B.6
  • 28
    • 0025755712 scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation changes in human testicular cancer
    • Peltomaki, P. (1991) DNA methylation changes in human testicular cancer, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1096(3), 187-196
    • (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1096 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-196
    • Peltomaki, P.1
  • 29
    • 0024432784 scopus 로고
    • Detection of drug-induced DNA hypermethylation in human cells exposed to cancer chemotherapy agents
    • Nyce, J., Mylott, D., Leonard, S., Willis, L. and Kataria, A. (1989) Detection of drug-induced DNA hypermethylation in human cells exposed to cancer chemotherapy agents, J. Liq. Chrom., 12(8), 1313-1321.
    • (1989) J. Liq. Chrom. , vol.12 , Issue.8 , pp. 1313-1321
    • Nyce, J.1    Mylott, D.2    Leonard, S.3    Willis, L.4    Kataria, A.5
  • 30
    • 0024431109 scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced DNA hypermethylation and drug resistance in human tumors
    • Nyce, J.W. (1989) Drug-induced DNA hypermethylation and drug resistance in human tumors, Cancer Res., 49(21), 5829-5836.
    • (1989) Cancer Res. , vol.49 , Issue.21 , pp. 5829-5836
    • Nyce, J.W.1
  • 31
    • 0028245682 scopus 로고
    • DNA mismatch binding and incision at modified guanine bases by extracts of mammalian cells: Implications for tolerance to DNA methylation damage
    • Griffin, S., Branch, P., Xu, Y.Z. and Karran, P. (1994) DNA mismatch binding and incision at modified guanine bases by extracts of mammalian cells: implications for tolerance to DNA methylation damage, Biochemistry, 33(16), 4787-4793.
    • (1994) Biochemistry , vol.33 , Issue.16 , pp. 4787-4793
    • Griffin, S.1    Branch, P.2    Xu, Y.Z.3    Karran, P.4
  • 32
    • 0020181396 scopus 로고
    • Methylation of deoxycytidine incorporated by excision repair synthesis of DNA
    • Kastan, M.B., Gowans, B.J. and Lieberman, M.W. (1982) Methylation of deoxycytidine incorporated by excision repair synthesis of DNA, Cell, 30(2), 509-516.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 509-516
    • Kastan, M.B.1    Gowans, B.J.2    Lieberman, M.W.3
  • 33
    • 0022992615 scopus 로고
    • Variable effects of DNA synthesis inhibitors upon DNA methylation in mammalian cells
    • Nyce, J., Liu, L. and Jones, P.A. (1986) Variable effects of DNA synthesis inhibitors upon DNA methylation in mammalian cells, Nucleic Acids Res., 14(10), 4353-4367.
    • (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 4353-4367
    • Nyce, J.1    Liu, L.2    Jones, P.A.3
  • 34
    • 0026316996 scopus 로고
    • Gene silencing in mammalian cells by direct incorporation of electroporated 5-methyl-2′deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate
    • Nyce, J. (1991) Gene silencing in mammalian cells by direct incorporation of electroporated 5-methyl-2′deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet., 17, 543-550.
    • (1991) Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 543-550
    • Nyce, J.1
  • 35
    • 0027163673 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of 5-methylcytosine by one-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography
    • Leonard, S.A., Wong, S.C. and Nyce, J.W. (1993) Quantitation of 5-methylcytosine by one-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography, J. Chrom., 645, 189-192.
    • (1993) J. Chrom. , vol.645 , pp. 189-192
    • Leonard, S.A.1    Wong, S.C.2    Nyce, J.W.3
  • 36
    • 0027058598 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to Interferon α in a mouse B-cell lymphoma involves DNA methylation
    • Reid, T.R., Merigan, T.C. and Basham, T.Y. (1992) Resistance to Interferon α in a mouse B-cell lymphoma involves DNA methylation, J. Interferon Res., 12(2), 131-137.
    • (1992) J. Interferon Res. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-137
    • Reid, T.R.1    Merigan, T.C.2    Basham, T.Y.3
  • 37
    • 0020697086 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of DNA methylation by chemical carcinogens in vitro
    • Wilson, V. and Jones, P. (1983) Inhibition of DNA methylation by chemical carcinogens in vitro, Cell, 32, 239-246.
    • (1983) Cell , vol.32 , pp. 239-246
    • Wilson, V.1    Jones, P.2
  • 38
    • 0001842772 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of platinum antitumor compounds with DNA
    • F. Eckstein and D.M. Lilley (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Lepre, C.A. and Lippard, S.J. (1990) Interaction of platinum antitumor compounds with DNA, in: F. Eckstein and D.M. Lilley (Eds.), Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, Vol. 4, pp. 3-9, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1990) Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology , vol.4 , pp. 3-9
    • Lepre, C.A.1    Lippard, S.J.2
  • 39
    • 0025788589 scopus 로고
    • Uvr excision repair protein complex of Escherichia coli binds to the convex side of a cisplatin-induced kink in the DNA
    • Visse, R. and deRuijter, M., Brouwer, J.A. and van de Putte, P. (1991) Uvr excision repair protein complex of Escherichia coli binds to the convex side of a cisplatin-induced kink in the DNA, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 7609-7617.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 7609-7617
    • Visse, R.1    DeRuijter, M.2    Brouwer, J.A.3    Van De Putte, P.4
  • 40
    • 0028198171 scopus 로고
    • Dnase I footprinting of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-modified DNA
    • Schwartz, A. and Leng, M. (1994) Dnase I footprinting of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-modified DNA, J. Mol. Biol., 236, 969-974.
    • (1994) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.236 , pp. 969-974
    • Schwartz, A.1    Leng, M.2
  • 41
    • 0025917146 scopus 로고
    • DNA unwinding produced by site-specific intrastrand cross-links of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
    • Bellon, S.F., Coleman, J.H. and Lippard, S.J. (1991) DNA unwinding produced by site-specific intrastrand cross-links of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), Biochemistry, 30(32), 8026-8035.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , Issue.32 , pp. 8026-8035
    • Bellon, S.F.1    Coleman, J.H.2    Lippard, S.J.3
  • 42
    • 0023818825 scopus 로고
    • Structure refined to 2 Angstrom of a nicked DNA octanucleotide complex with DNase I
    • Suck, D., Lahm, A. and Oefner, C. (1988) Structure refined to 2 Angstrom of a nicked DNA octanucleotide complex with DNase I, Nature, 332, 464-468.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.332 , pp. 464-468
    • Suck, D.1    Lahm, A.2    Oefner, C.3
  • 43
    • 0012258405 scopus 로고
    • One role for DNA methylation in vertebrate cells is strand discrimination in mismatch repair
    • Hare, J.T. and Taylor, J.H. (1985) One role for DNA methylation in vertebrate cells is strand discrimination in mismatch repair, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82(21), 7350-7354.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , Issue.21 , pp. 7350-7354
    • Hare, J.T.1    Taylor, J.H.2
  • 44
    • 0025945632 scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and gene expression
    • Razin, A. and Cedar, H. (1991) DNA methylation and gene expression, Microbiol. Rev., 55(3), 451-458.
    • (1991) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-458
    • Razin, A.1    Cedar, H.2
  • 45
    • 0025944899 scopus 로고
    • DNA CpG methylation inhibits binding of NF-kappa B proteins to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat cognate DNA motifs
    • Bednarik, D.P., Duckett, C., Kim, S.U., Perez, V.L., Griffis, K., Guenthner, P.C. and Folks, T.M. (1991) DNA CpG methylation inhibits binding of NF-kappa B proteins to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat cognate DNA motifs, New Biologist, 3(10), 969-976.
    • (1991) New Biologist , vol.3 , Issue.10 , pp. 969-976
    • Bednarik, D.P.1    Duckett, C.2    Kim, S.U.3    Perez, V.L.4    Griffis, K.5    Guenthner, P.C.6    Folks, T.M.7
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0028181446 scopus 로고
    • 6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase by 5-methylcytosine
    • 6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase by 5-methylcytosine, Cancer Res., 54(2), 327-329.
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-329
    • Bentivegna, S.S.1    Bresnick, E.2
  • 48
    • 0343393968 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II on DNA methylation and DNA synthesis in human colonie adenocarcinoma cells in vitro
    • Schonfeld, S., Schulz, S. and Nyce, J.W. (1992) Effects of inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II on DNA methylation and DNA synthesis in human colonie adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, Intern. J. Oncology, 1, 807-814.
    • (1992) Intern. J. Oncology , vol.1 , pp. 807-814
    • Schonfeld, S.1    Schulz, S.2    Nyce, J.W.3
  • 49
    • 0025975299 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase inhibitors have potent differentiation-inducing activity for human and mouse myeloid leukemia cells
    • Nakaya, K., Chou, S., Kaneko, M., and Nakamura, Y. (1991) Topoisomerase inhibitors have potent differentiation-inducing activity for human and mouse myeloid leukemia cells. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 82, 184-191.
    • (1991) Jpn. J. Cancer Res. , vol.82 , pp. 184-191
    • Nakaya, K.1    Chou, S.2    Kaneko, M.3    Nakamura, Y.4
  • 50
    • 0025132761 scopus 로고
    • Induction of the differentiation of WEHI-3B D + monomyelocytic leukemia cells by inhibitors of topoisomerase II
    • Rappa, G., Lorico, A. and Sartorelli, A.C. (1990) Induction of the differentiation of WEHI-3B D + monomyelocytic leukemia cells by inhibitors of topoisomerase II, Cancer Res., 50, 6723-6730.
    • (1990) Cancer Res. , vol.50 , pp. 6723-6730
    • Rappa, G.1    Lorico, A.2    Sartorelli, A.C.3
  • 51
    • 0025264034 scopus 로고
    • Human DNA topoisomerase II: Evaluation of enzyme activity in normal and neoplastic tissues
    • Holden, J.A., Rolfson, D.H. and Wittwer (1990) Human DNA topoisomerase II: evaluation of enzyme activity in normal and neoplastic tissues, Biochemistry, 29(8), 2127-2134.
    • (1990) Biochemistry , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 2127-2134
    • Holden, J.A.1    Rolfson, D.H.2    Wittwer3
  • 52
    • 0023927993 scopus 로고
    • Proliferation-dependent regulation of DNA topoisomerase II in cultured cells
    • Hsiang, Y.H., Wu, H.Y. and Liu, L.F. (1988) Proliferation-dependent regulation of DNA topoisomerase II in cultured cells, Cancer Res., 48, 3230-3235.
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 3230-3235
    • Hsiang, Y.H.1    Wu, H.Y.2    Liu, L.F.3
  • 53
    • 0013923772 scopus 로고
    • The deamination of cytidine and cytosine by acidic buffer solutions. Mutagenic implications
    • Shapiro, R. and Klein, R.S. (1966) The deamination of cytidine and cytosine by acidic buffer solutions. Mutagenic implications, Biochemistry, 5(7), 2358-2362.
    • (1966) Biochemistry , vol.5 , Issue.7 , pp. 2358-2362
    • Shapiro, R.1    Klein, R.S.2
  • 54
    • 0018185292 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of base substitution hotspots in Escherichia coli
    • Coulondre, C., Miller, J.H., Farabaugh, P.J. and Gilbert, W. (1978) Molecular basis of base substitution hotspots in Escherichia coli, Nature, 274(5673), 775-780.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , Issue.5673 , pp. 775-780
    • Coulondre, C.1    Miller, J.H.2    Farabaugh, P.J.3    Gilbert, W.4
  • 55
    • 0019198357 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenic deamination of cytosine residues in DNA
    • Duncan, B.K. and Miller, J.H. (1980) Mutagenic deamination of cytosine residues in DNA, Nature, 287(5782), 560-561.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.287 , Issue.5782 , pp. 560-561
    • Duncan, B.K.1    Miller, J.H.2
  • 56
    • 0020493818 scopus 로고
    • Heat and alkali-induced deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine residues in DNA
    • Wang, R.Y., Kuo, K.C., Gehrke, C.W., Huanh, L.H. and Ehrlich, M. (1982) Heat and alkali-induced deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine residues in DNA, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 697(3), 371-377.
    • (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.697 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-377
    • Wang, R.Y.1    Kuo, K.C.2    Gehrke, C.W.3    Huanh, L.H.4    Ehrlich, M.5
  • 57
    • 0025145277 scopus 로고
    • 5-Methylcytosine as an endogenous mutagen in the human LDL receptor and p53 genes
    • Rideout, W.M. 3d, Coetzee, G.A., Olumi, A.F. and Jones, P.A. (1990) 5-Methylcytosine as an endogenous mutagen in the human LDL receptor and p53 genes, Science, 249(4974), 1288-1290.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , Issue.4974 , pp. 1288-1290
    • Rideout W.M. III1    Coetzee, G.A.2    Olumi, A.F.3    Jones, P.A.4
  • 58
    • 13844322498 scopus 로고
    • Induction of gene amplification by 5-aza2'-deoxycytidine
    • Perry, M.E., Rolfe, M., McIntyre, P., Commane, M. and Stark, G.R. (1992) Induction of gene amplification by 5-aza2'-deoxycytidine, Mutation Res., 276(3), 189-197.
    • (1992) Mutation Res. , vol.276 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-197
    • Perry, M.E.1    Rolfe, M.2    McIntyre, P.3    Commane, M.4    Stark, G.R.5
  • 59
    • 0011168796 scopus 로고
    • From amplification to function: The case of the MDR1 gene
    • Roninson, I.B. (1992) From amplification to function: the case of the MDR1 gene, Mutation Res., 276(3), 151-161.
    • (1992) Mutation Res. , vol.276 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-161
    • Roninson, I.B.1
  • 60
    • 0026722363 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance as a dynamic process in a model for multistep gene amplification under various levels of selection stringency
    • Harnevo. L.E. and Agur, Z. (1992) Drug resistance as a dynamic process in a model for multistep gene amplification under various levels of selection stringency, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 30(6), 469-476.
    • (1992) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 469-476
    • Harnevo, L.E.1    Agur, Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.