Chromophores in human skin

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 789-802

  Young, Antony R ^a  

^a ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MELANIN;

ARTICLE; CANCER PREVENTION; CHROMATOPHORE; EPIDERMIS; HUMAN; MELANOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION ABSORPTION; SKIN; SKIN CANCER; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

HUMANS; OPTICS; PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL; SKIN; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 0030939754     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/5/004     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anders A, Altheide H-J, Knälmann M and Tronnier H 1995 Action spectrum for erythema in humans investigated with dye lasers Photochem. Photobiol. 61 200-5
2. Autier P et al 1995 Melanoma and the use of sunscreens: an EORTC case-control study in Germany, Belgium and France Int. J. Cancer 61 749-55
3. Bolton K, Martincigh B S and Salter L F 1992 The potential carcinogenic effect of Uvinul DS49 - a common UV absorber used in cosmetics J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 63 241-8
4. Bruls WAG, Slaper H, van der Leun J C and Berrens L 1984 Transmission of human epidermis and stratum corneum as a function of thickness in the visible and ultraviolet wavelengths Photochem. Photobiol. 40 485-94
5. Calzavara-Pinton P G 1995 Repetitive photodynamic therapy with topical δ-aminolaevulinic acid as an appropriate approach to the routine treatment of superficial-non melanoma skin tumours J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 29 53-7
6. Chadwick C A, Rotten C S, Nikaido O, Matsunaga T, Proby C and Young A R 1995 The detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, (6-4) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the demonstration of depth penetration effects J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 28 163-70
7. Chedekel M R 1995 Photophysics and photochemistry of melanin Melanin: Its role in Human Photoprotection ed L Zeise, M R Chedekel and T B Fitzpatrick (Overland Park: Valdenmar) pp 11-22
8. Costantini C, D'Ischia M, Palumbo A and Prota G 1994 Photochemistry of 5-S-cysteinyldopa Photochem. Photobiol. 60 33-7
9. Cunningham M L, Johnson J S, Giovanazzi S H and Peak M J 1985 Photosensitized production of the superoxide anion by monochromatic (290-405 nm) ultraviolet irradiation of NADH and NADPH coenzymes Photochem. Photobiol. 42 125-8
10. De Fabo E C and Noonan F P 1983 Mechanism of immune suppression by ultraviolet radiation in vivo. I. Evidence for the existence of a unique photoreceptor in skin and its role in photoimmunology J. Exp. Med. 158 84-98
11. de Gruijl F R and van der Leun J C 1994 Estimate of the wavelength dependence of ultraviolet carcinogenesis in humans and its relevance to the risk assessment of a stratospheric ozone depletion Health Phys. 67 1-8
12. Devary Y, Rosett C, DiDonato J A and Karin M 1993 NF-κB activation by ultraviolet light not dependent on a nuclear signal Science 261 1442-5
13. Diffey B L, Healy E, Thody A J and Rees J L 1995 Melanin, melanocytes and melanoma Lancet 346 1713
14. du P Menagé H, Harrison G I, Porten C S, Young A R and Hawk J L M 1995 The action spectrum for chronic actinic dermatitis is similar to that for sunburn inflammation Photochem. Photobiol. 62 976-9
15. El-Ghorr A A and Norval M 1995 A monoclonal antibody to cis-urocanic acid prevents the ultraviolet-induced changes in Langerhans cells and delayed hypersensitivity responses in mice, although not preventing dendritic cell accumulation in lymph nodes draining the site of irradiation and contact hypersensitivity responses J. Invest. Dermatol. 105 264-8
16. Eller M S, Yaar M and Gilchrest B A 1994 DNA damage and melanogenesis Nature 372 413-14
17. Gibbs N K, Norval M, Traynor N J, Wolf M, Johnson B E and Crosby B 1993 Action spectra for trans to cis photoisomerization of urocanic acid in vitro and in mouse skin Photochem. Photobiol. 57 584-90
18. Gilchrest B A, Zhai S, Eller M S, Yarosh D B and Yaar M 1993 Treatment of human melanocytes and S91 melanoma cells with the DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease V enhances melanogenesis after ultraviolet irradiation J. Invest. Dermatol. 101 666-72
19. Gonzenbach H, Hill T J and Truscott T G 1992 The triplet energy levels of UVA and UVB sunscreens J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 16 377-9
20. Grabbe S and Granstein 1995 Photoimmunology of UV-induced skin cancer Photoimmunology ed J Krutmann and C A Elmets (Oxford: Blackwell) pp 99-118
21. Hill H Z 1992 The function of melanin or six blind people examine an elephant Bioessays 14 49-56
22. Jacques S L and McAuliffe 1991 The melanosome: threshold temperature for the explosive vaporization and internal absorption coefficient during pulsed laser irradiation Photochem. Photobiol. 53 769-75
23. Jones C D, Barton A K, Crosby J, Norval M, Gibbs N K 1996 Investigating the red shift between in vitro and in vivo urocanic acid photoisomerization action spectra Photochem. Photobiol. 63 302-5
24. Kavanagh G, Crosby J and Norval M 1995 Urocanic acid isomers in human skin: analysis of site of variation Br. J. Dermatol. 133 728-31
25. Kennedy J C, Pottier R H and Pross D C 1990 Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX: basic principles and present clinical experience J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 6 143-8
26. Knowland J, McKenzie E A, McHugh P J and Cridland N A 1993 Sunlight-induced mutagenicity of a common sunscreen agent FEBS 324 309-13
27. Koch W H and Chedekel M R 1986 Photoinitiated DNA damage by melanogenic intermediates in vitro Photochem. Photobiol. 44 703-10
28. _1987 Photochemistry and photobiology of melanogenic metabolites: formation of free radicals Photochem. Photobiol. 46 229-38
29. Kollias N 1995 The spectroscopy of human melanin pigmentation Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection ed L Zeise, M R Chedekel and T B Fitzpatrick (Overland Park: Valdenmar) pp 31-8
30. Kollias N and Baqer A H 1988 The role of human melanin in providing photoprotection from solar mid-ultraviolet radiation (280-320 nm) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 39 347-54
31. Kripke M L, Cox P A, Alas L G and Yarosh D B 1992 Pyrimidine dimers initiate systemic immunosuppression in UV-irradiated mice Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89 7516-20
32. Laihia J K, Lemmetyinen H, Pasanen P and Jansén C T 1996 Establishment of a kinetic model for urocanic acid photoisomerization J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 33 211-17
33. Ley R D 1985 Photoreactivation of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and erythema in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82 2409-11
34. McKinlay A F and Diffey B L 1987 A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin CIE J. 6 17-22
35. Mitchell D L and Karentz D 1993 The induction and repair of DNA photodamage in the environment Environmental UV Photobiology ed A R Young et al (New York: Plenum) pp 345-77
36. Mitchell D L and Rosenstein B S 1987 The use of specific radioimmunoassays to determine the action spectra for the photolysis of (6-4) photoproducts Photochem. Photobiol. 45 781-6
37. Nataraj A J, Trent J C and Ananthaswamy H N 1995 p53 mutations and photocarcinogenesis Photochem. Photobiol. 62 218-39
38. Naylor M F, Boyd A, Smith D W, Cameron G S, Hubbard D and Neider K H 1995 High protection factor sunscreens in the suppression of actinic neoplasia Arch. Dermatol. 131 170-5
39. Norval M, Gibbs N K and Gilmour J 1995 The role of urocanic acid in UV-induced immunosuppression: recent advances (1992-1994) Photochem. Photobiol. 62 209-17
40. Peak J G, Peak M J and MacCoss M 1984 DNA breakage caused by 334-nm ultraviolet light is enhanced by naturally occurring nucleic acid components and nucleotide coenzymes Photochem. Photobiol. 39 713-16
41. Peak J G, Peak M J, Sikorski R S and Jones C A 1985 Induction of DNA-protein crosslinks in human cells by ultraviolet and visible radiations: action spectrum Photochem. Photobiol. 41 295-302
42. Pigault C and Gerard D 1989 Selective degradation of amino acids photosensitized by tryptophan in polypeptide structures Photochem. Photobiol. 50 23-8
43. Potten C S, Chadwick C A, Cohen A J, Nikaido O, Matsunaga T, Schipper N W and Young A R 1993 DNA damage in UV-irradiated human skin in vivo: automated direct measurement by image analysis (thymine dimers) compared with indirect measurement (unscheduled DNA synthesis) and protection by 5-methoxypsoralen Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 63 313-24
44. Prota G 1992 Melanins and Melanogenesis (San Diego: Academic)
45. Rosen C F, Jacques S L, Stuart M E and Gange R W 1990 Immediate pigment darkening: visual and reflectance spectrophotometric analysis of action spectrum Photochem. Photobiol. 51 583-8
46. Routaboul C, Serpentini C-L, Msika P, Cesarini J-P and Paillous N 1995 Photosensitization of supercoiled DNA damage by 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, a precursor of eumelanin Photochem. Photobiol. 62 469-75
47. Schothorst A A, Evers L M, Noz K C, Filon R and van Zeeland A A 1991 Pyrimidine dimer repair and induction in cultured human skin keratinocytes or melanocytes after irradiation with monochromatic ultraviolet radiation J. Invest. Dermatol. 96 916-20
48. Setlow R B, Grist E, Thompson K and Woodhead A D 1993 Wavelengths effective in the induction of malignant melanoma Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90 6666-70
49. Simon M M, Aragane Y, Schwarz A, Luger T and Schwarz T 1994 UVB light induces nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity independently from chromosomal DNA damage in cell-free cytosolic extracts J. Invest. Dermatol. 102 422-7
50. Sontag Y, Guikers C L H, Vink A A, de Gruijl R F, van Loveren H, Garssen J, Roza L, Kripke M L, van der Leun J C and van Vloten W A 1995 Cells with UV-specific DNA damage are present in murine lymph nodes after in vivo UV irradiation J Invest. Dermatol. 104 734-8
51. Streilein J W 1995 Immunogenetics of sunlight-induced skin cancer Photoimmunology ed J Krutmann and C A Elmets (Oxford: Blackwell) pp 128-52
52. Sutherland J C and Griffin K P 1981 Absorption spectrum of DNA for wavelengths greater than 300 nm Radiat. Res. 86 399-409
53. _1984 p-aminobenzoic acid can sensitize the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA: direct chemical evidence Photochem. Photobiol. 40 391-4
54. Thody A J, Higgins E M, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Burchill S A and Marks J M 1991 Pheomelanin as well as eumelanin is present in human epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 97 340-4
55. Thompson S C, Jolley D and Marks R 1993 Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use N. Engl. J. Med. 329 1147-51
56. Vitkin I A, Woolsey J, Wilson B C and Anderson R R 1994 Optical and thermal characterisation of natural (Sepia officinalis) melanin Photochem. Photobiol. 59 455-62
57. Westerdahl J, Olsson H, Masback A, Ingvar C and Jonsson N 1995 Is the use of sunscreens a risk factor for malignant melanoma? Melanoma Res. 5 59-65
58. Young A 1996 Does UVA exposure cause human malignant melanoma? Eur. J. Dermatol. 6 225-6
59. Young A R, Chadwick C A, Harrsion G I, Hawk J L M, Nikaido O and Potten C S 1996a The in situ repair of epidermal thymine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts in human skin types I and II J. Invest. Dermatol. 106 1307-13
60. Young A R, Fakouhi T D, Harrison G I, Roniker B, Swabb E A and Hawk J L M 1996b The UVR wavelength dependence for lomefloxacin photosensitization of human skin J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 32 165-70
61. Young A R, Potten C S, Chadwick C A, Murphy G M, Hawk J L M and Cohen A J 1991 Photoprotection and photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: the role of skin type J. Invest. Dermatol. 97 942-8
62. Young A R and Walker S L 1995 Photoprotection from UVR-induced immunosuppression Photoimmunology ed J Krutmann and C A Elmets (Oxford: Blackwell) pp 285-97