Vacuum squeezing of solids: Macroscopic quantum states driven by light pulses

Science

Volumn 275, Issue 5306, 1997, Pages 1638-1640

  Garrett, G A ^a   Rojo, A G ^a   Sood, A K ^a,b   Whitaker, J F ^a   Merlin, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; LASER; LIGHT; OSCILLATION; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS;

EID: 0030937080     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5306.1638     Document Type: Article

References (36)

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22. ij contains interbranch in addition to the intrabranch contributions shown in Eq. 1. The former have not been included because they are typically much weaker than the terms of interest (9).
23. q, provided ∫Fdt ≠ 0 (script D sign is the second-order dipole moment).
24. q〉 ≠ 0, whereas quadratic contributions do not. Linear terms lead to one-mode coherent states [R. J. Glauber, Phys. Rev. 131, 2766 (1963)], which are the closest to a classical description of the motion.
25. Classical squeezing of an oscillator was first demonstrated by D. Rugar and P. Grütter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 699 (1991) ]. See also V. Natarajan, F. DiFilippo, D. E. Pritchard, ibid. 74, 2855 (1995).
26. Classical squeezing of an oscillator was first demonstrated by D. Rugar and P. Grütter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 699 (1991) ]. See also V. Natarajan, F. DiFilippo, D. E. Pritchard, ibid. 74, 2855 (1995).
27. -2W is the static Debye-Waller factor. Thus, S contains effects due to both k-space (single-mode) and, as in Eq. 4, real-space squeezing.
28. Experiments at room temperature reveal behavior that is qualitatively similar to that at 10 K. The 300-K results will be reported elsewhere.
29. 2g contribution is negligible.
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31. See, for example, L. Dhar, J. A. Rogers, K. A. Nelson, Chem. Rev. 94, 157 (1994); R. Merlin, Solid State Commun. 102, 207 (1997).
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33. The width of the 2TA feature in Fig. 3B is 0.11 ± 0.02 THz. This value gives an upper limit for lifetime effects due to anharmonicity (phonon-phonon interaction).
34. L are the frequency and field of the continuous-wave laser (8).
35. For the variance (Eq. 4), the dominant contributions to the systematic error are the uncertainties in the polarizability (25%) and the integrated intensity of the pulse (20%). The statistical errors in Fig. 4 have been minimized by data averaging and filtering.
36. 3 sample and to D. G. Steel for a critical reading of the manuscript. A.K.S. would like to thank the Department of Physics at the University of Michigan for warm hospitality. Supported by the NSF through the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science under grant STC PHY 8920108 and by the U.S. Army Research Office under contract DAAH04-96-1-0183.