Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of visceral fat syndrome: The Japanese experience

Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 3-13

  Matsuzawa, Yuji ^a  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID; SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN; TESTOSTERONE;

AGE; DIET; EXERCISE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID ABSORPTION; MORBIDITY; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; BODY WEIGHT; DIET, REDUCING; EXERCISE; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; JAPAN; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OBESITY; SYNDROME; VISCERA;

EID: 0030923193     PISSN: 07424221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0895(199703)13:1<3::AID-DMR178>3.0.CO;2-N     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Vague J, Bjorntorp P, Guy-Grand B, Rebuffé-Scrive M, and Vague P (Eds): Metabolic Complications of Human Obesities. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985.
2. Björntorp P, Smith U, and Lönnroth P (Eds): Health implications of regional obesities. Almquist & Wiskell International, Stockholm, 1988.
3. Norgan NG (Ed.): Human Body Composition and Fat Distribution: European Community Report on Nutrition. Euro-nut, Wageningen, 1985.
4. Bouchard C, and Johnston FE (Eds): Fat Distribution During Growth and Later Health Consequence. Alan Liss, New York, 1988.
5. Tarui S, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, and Matsuzawa Y: Visceral fat obesity: Anthropological and pathophysiological aspects, Int J Obes 15 (Suppl.2): 1-8, 1991.
6. Vague J: La différentiation sexuelle facteur determinant des formes de l'obésité. Presse Med 30: 339-340, 1947.
7. Kissebah AH, Vydelingum N, Murray R, Evans DJ, Hartz AJ, Kalkhoff RK, and Adams PW: Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54: 254-260, 1982.
8. Björntorp P: Regional patterns of fat distribution. Ann Intern Med 103: 994-995, 1985.
9. Björntorp P: Obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Clin Res 17: 3-9, 1985.
10. Tokunaga T, Matsuzawa Y, Ishikawa K, and Tarui S: A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int J Obes 7: 437-445, 1983.
11. Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, and Tarui S: Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism. Metabolism 36: 54-59, 1987.
12. Matsuzawa Y, Fujioka S, Tokunaga K, and Tarui S: A novel classification: Visceral fat obesity and subcutaneous fat obesity. In Recent Advances in Obesity Research V, Berry EM, Blondheim SH, and Shafrir EH, Eds. John Libbey, London, 1987, pp. 92-96.
13. Nakajima T, Fujioka S, Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y, and Tarai S: Correlation of intraabdominal fat accumulation and left ventricular performance in obesity. Am J Cardiol 64: 369-373, 1989.
14. Kanai H, Matsuzawa Y, Kotani K, Keno Y, Kobatake T, Nagai Y, Fujioka S, Tokunaga K, and Tarui S: Close correlation of intraabdominal fat accumulation to hypertension in obese women. Hypertension 16: 484-190, 1990.
15. Kanai H, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, Yamashita S, Kameda-Takemura K, and Matsuzawa Y: Decrease in intraabdominal visceral fat may reduce blood pressure in obese hypertensive women. Hypertension 27: 125-129, 1996.
16. Spiegelman D, Israel RG, Bouchard C, and Willet WC: Absolute fat mass, percent body fat, and body-fat distribution: Which is the real determinant of blood pressure and serum glucose? Am J Clin Nutr 55: 1033-1044, 1992.
17. Ashwell M, Cole TJ, and Dixon AK: Obesity: Insight into the anthropometric classification of fat distribution shown by computed tomography. Br Med J 290: 1692-1694, 1985.
18. Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Kawamoto T, Kobatake T, Keno Y, and Tarui S: Comparison of a novel classification of obesity (visceral fat obesity and subcutaneous fat obesity) with previous classification of obesity concerning body features or adipose tissue cellularity. In Obesity in Europe 88, Björntorp P, and Rössner S, Eds. John Libbey, London, 1988, pp. 85-89.
19. Kissebah AH, and Krakower GR: Regional adiposity and morbidity. Physiol Rev 74: 761-811, 1994.
20. Fujimoto WY, Abbate SL, Kahn SE, Hokanson JE, and Brunzell JD: The visceral adiposity syndrome in Japanese-American men. Obes Res 2: 364-371, 1994.
21. Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Bergstrom RW, NewellMorris L, and Fujimoto WY: Visceral adiposity, fasting plasma insulin, and blood pressure in Japanese-Americans. Diabetes Care 18: 174-181, 1995.
22. Seidell JC, Björntorp P, Sjöstrom L, Kuist H, and Sannerstedt R: Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism 39: 897-901, 1990.
23. Deprés JP, Nadeau A, and Tremblay A: Role of deep abdominal fat in the association between regional adipose tissue distribution and glucose tolerance in obese women. Diabetes 38: 304-309, 1989.
24. Deprés JP: Obesity and lipid metabolism: Relevance of body fat distribution. Curr Op Lipidol 2: 5-15, 1991.
25. Landin K, Krotkiewski M, and Smith U: Importance of obesity for the metabolic abnormalities associated with an abnormal fat distribution. Metabolism 38: 572-576, 1989.
26. Kissebah AH, and Peiris AN: Biology of regional body fat distribution: Relationship to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 5: 83-109, 1989.
27. Matsuzawa Y: Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Hyperlipidemia (Proceedings of Satellite Symposium to 15th International Diabetes Federation Congress), Matsuzawa Y, and Akanuma Y, Eds. Axel Springer, Tokyo, 1995, pp. 1-6.
28. Peiris AN, Muller RA, Struve MF, Smith GA, and Kissebah AH: Relationship of androgenic activity to splanchnic insulin metabolism and peripheral glucose utilization in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64: 162-169, 1987.
29. Evans DJ, Murray R, and Kissebah AH: Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin-mediated glucose disposal and insulin binding: Effect of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest 74: 1515-1525, 1984.
30. Björntorp P: "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Atherosclerosis 10: 493-196, 1990.
31. Larsson B: Regional obesity as a health hazard in men: Prospective studies. Acta Med (2nd Suppl.) 723: 45-51, 1988.
32. Donahue RP, Abbott RD, and Bloom E: Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet i: 821-824, 1987.
33. Shinohara E, Kihara S, Yamashita S, Yamane M, Nishida M, Arai T, Kotani K, Nakamura T, Takemura K, and Matsuzawa Y: Visceral fat accumulation as an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in obese subjects. J Intern Med (in press).
34. Matsuzawa YY, Shimomura I, Nakamura T, Keno Y, Kotani K, and Tokunaga K: Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat obesity. Obes Res 3: 187-193S, 1995.
35. Reaven GM: Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37: 1595-1607, 1988.
36. Reaven GM, and Huffman BB: A role for insulin in aetiology and course of hypertension. Lancet ii: 435-437, 1987.
37. Kaplan NM: The deadly quartet. Arch Intern Med 149: 1514-1520, 1989.
38. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Björntorp P, and Tibblin G: Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in study of men born in 1913. Br Med J 288: 1401-1410, 1984.
39. Zamboni M, Armellini F, Sheiban I et al.: Relation of body fat distribution in men and degree of coronary narrowings in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 70: 1135-1140, 1992.
40. Nakamura T, Tokunaga K, Shimomura I, Nishida M, Yoshida S, Kotani K, Islam AHMW, Keno Y, Kobatake T, Nagai Y, Fujioka S, Tarui S, and Matsuzawa Y: Contribution of visceral fat accumulation to the development of coronary artery disease in non-obese men. Atherosclerosis 107: 239-246, 1994.
41. Kotani K, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, Kobatake T, Keno Y, Yoshida S, Shimomura I, Tarui S, and Matsuzawa Y: Sexual dimorphism of age-related changes in whole body fat distribution in the obese. Int J Obes 18: 207-212, 1994.
42. Shimokata H, Tobin JD, Muller DC, Elahi D, Coon PJ, and Andres R: Studies on the distribution of body fat: 1. Effect of age, sex and obesity. J Gerontol 44: M66-M73, 1989.
43. Tonkellar ID, Seidel JC, Van Noord PAH, Baanders-Van Halewijn EA, Jacobus JH, and Ouwehand IV: Fat distribution in relation to age, degree of obesity, smoking habits, parity and estrogen use: A cross-sectional study in 11825 Dutch women participating in the DOM-project. Int J Obes 14, 753-761, 1990.
44. Enzi G, Gasparo M, Biondetti PR, Fiore D, Semisa M, and Zurlo F: Subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution according to sex, age, and overweight, evaluated by computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr 44: 739-764, 1986.
45. Evans DJ, Barth JH, and Burke CW: Body fat topography in women with androgen excess. Int J Obes 12: 157-162, 1988.
46. Kissebah AH, Evans DJ, Peiris A, and Wilson CR: Endocrine characteristics in regional obesities: Role of sex steroids. In Metabolic Complications of Human Obesities, Vague J, Björntorp P, Guy-Grand B, Rubuffé-Scrive M, and Vague P, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985, pp. 115-130.
47. Seidell JC, Björntorp P, Sjöstrom L, Kuist H, and Sannerstedt R: Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism 39: 897-901, 1990.
48. Chrousos G, and Gold P: The concept of stress and stress system disorders. JAMA 267: 1244-1252, 1992.
49. Björntorp P: Neuroendocrine abnormalities in visceral obesity. In Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Hyperlipidemia (Proceedings of Satellite Symposium to 15th International Diabetes Federation Congress), Matsuzawa Y, and Akanuma Y, Eds. Axel Springer, Tokyo, 1995, pp. 36-40.
50. Shimokata H, Andres R, Coon PJ, Elahi D, Muller DC, and Tobin JD. Studies on the distribution of body fat II. Longitudinal effects of changes in weight. Int J Obes 13: 455-464, 1989.
51. Keno Y, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, Kawamoto T, Kobatake T, and Tarui S: High sucrose diet increases visceral fat accumulation in VMH-lesioned obese rats. Int J Obes 15: 205-211, 1991.
52. Matsuzawa Y, Fujioka S, Tokunaga K, and Tarui S: Classification of obesity with respect to morbidity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 200: 197-201, 1992.
53. Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Kawamoto T, Kobatake T, Keno Y, Kotani K, Yoshida S, and Tarui S: Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism associated with selective reduction of intraabdominal visceral fat in premenopausal women with visceral fat obesity. Int J Obes 15: 853-859, 1991.
54. Weden E, Lehto M, Kanninen T, Walston J, Shuldiner AR, and Groop LC: Association of a polymorphism in the β 3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med 333: 348-351, 1995.
55. Clemens K, Vaisse C, Manning BSJ, Basdevant A, Guy-Grand B, Ruiz J, Silver KD, Shuldiner AR, Froguel P, and Strosberg D: Genetic variation in the β 3-adrenergic receptor and increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N Engl J Med 333: 352-354, 1995.
56. Kobatake T, Matsuzawa Y, Tokcunaga K, Fujioka S, Kawamoto T, Keno Y, Inui Y, Odaka H, Matsuo T, and Tarui S: Metabolic improvements associated with a reduction of abdominal visceral fat caused by a new α-glucosidase inhibitor in Zucker fatty rats. Int J Obes 13: 147-154, 1989.
57. Maslowska MH: Regional differences in triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue and in cultured preadipocytes. J Lipid Res 34: 219-228, 1993.
58. Rubuffé-Scrive M, Anderson B, Olbe P, and Björntorp P: Metabolism of adipose tissue in intraabdominal depot in severely obese men and women. Metabolism 39: 1021-1025, 1990.
59. Rubuffé-Scrive M, Anderson B, Olibe L, and Björntorp P: Metabolism of adipose tissue in different intraabdominal depots of non obese men and women. Metabolism 38: 453-458, 1986.
60. Tsuchimoto M, Tokumitsu Y, and Ui M: Comparison of basal metabolic activities and hormonal sensitivities between mesenteric and epididymal adipocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol 82A: 377-383, 1985.
61. Jacobsson B, Holm G, Björntorp P, and Smith U. Influence of cell size on the effects of insulin and noradrenaline on human adipose tissue. Diabetologia 12: 69-72, 1976.
62. Shimomura I, Tokunaga K, Jiao S, Funahashi Y, Keno Y, Kobatake K, Suzuki H, Yamamoto T, Tarui S, and Matsuzawa Y: Marked enhancement of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and mRNA, paralleled to lipoprotein lipase mRNA, in adipose tissue of Zucker obese rats (fa/fa). Biochim Biophys Acta 1124: 112-118, 1992.
63. Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, Tokunaga K, Kotani K, and Matsuzawa Y: Rapid enhancement of acyl CoA synthetase LPL and Glut 4 mRNA in adipose tissues of VMH rats. Am J Phys 270: E995-E1002, 1996.
64. Shimomura I, Tokunaga K, Kotani K, Keno Y, Yanase-Fujiwara M, Kanosue K, Jiao S, Funahashi T, Kobatake T, Yamamoto T, and Matsuzawa Y: Marked reduction of acyICoA synthetase activity and mRNA in intra-abdominal visceral fat by physical exercise. Am J Physiol 265, E44-E50, 1993.
65. Savard R, Smith LJ, Palmer JE, and Greenwood MR: Site specific effects of acute exercise on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism in sedantary female rats. Physiol Behav 43: 65-71, 1988.
66. Rodnick KJ, Holloszy JO, Mondon CE, and James DE: Effects of exercise training on insulinregulatable glucose transporter protein levels in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetes 39: 1425-1429, 1990.
67. DeFronzo RA: Insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Care 14: 173-194, 1991.
68. Hennes MMI, Shrago E, and Kissebah AH: Receptor and postreceptor effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on hepatic insulin dynamics. Int J Obes 14: 831-841, 1990.
69. Hennes MMI, Shrago E, and Kissebah AH: Mechanism of free fatty acid effects on hepatocyte insulin receptor binding and processing. Obes Res I: 18-28, 1993.
70. Watterau JR, and Zilversmit DM: Purification and characterization of microsomal triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer protein from bovine liver microsomes. Chem Phys Lipid 38: 205-222, 1985.
71. Lin MCM, Arbeeny C, Bergquist K, Kienzle B, Gordon DA, and Watterau JR: Cloning and regulation of hamster microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. J Biol Chem 269: 29138-29145, 1994.
72. Kuriyama H, Funahashi T, and Matsuzawa Y: Enhancement of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA in the liver of Otuka Long Evane Tokushima fatty (OLET) rats, a model of visceral fat syndrome. J Lipid Res (in press).
73. Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Hiraoka H, Maeda K, and Matsuzawa Y: Enhanced expression of rat obese (Ob) gene in adipose tissues of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats. Biochim Biophys Res Commun 211: 469-475, 1995.
74. Sawdey MS, and Loskutoff DJ: Regulation of murine type 1 plasminogen activitor inhibitor gene expression in vivo: Tissue specificity and induction by lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β. J Clin Invest 88: 1346-1353, 1991.
75. Cigolini M, Targher G, Bergamo Andreis LA, Tonoli M, Agostino G, and Sandre G De: Visceral fat accumulation and its relation to plasma hemostatic factors in healthy men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16: 368-374, 1994.
76. Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Kotani K, Nakamura T, Yamashita S, Miura M, Fukuda Y, Takemura K, Tokunaga K, and Matsuzawa Y: Enhanced expression of PAI-1 in visceral fat: Possible contributor to vascular disease in obesity. Nature Med 2: 1-5, 1996.