Cloning of the nprA gene for neutral protease A of Bacillus thuringiensis and effect of in vivo deletion of nprA on insecticidal crystal protein

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 63, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 2311-2317

  Donovan, William P ^a   Tan, Yuping ^a,b   Slaney, Annette C ^a  

^a Ecogen Inc   (United States)

^b GeneTrace Systems Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; INSECTICIDE; NEUTRAL PROTEINASE;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; GENE DELETION; INSECT; LARVA; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN STABILITY; SPOROGENESIS;

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA;

EID: 0030920927     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.6.2311-2317.1997     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Andrews, R. E., Jr., M. M. Bibilos, and L. A. Bulla, Jr. 1985. Protease activation of the entomocidal protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:737-742.
2. Aronson, A. I. 1993. The two faces of Bacillus thuringiensis: insecticidal proteins and post-exponential survival. Mol. Microbiol. 7:489-496.
3. Bibilos, M., and R. E. Andrews, Jr. 1988. Inhibition of Bacillus thuringiensis proteases and their effects on crystal toxin proteins and cell-free translations. Can. J. Microbiol. 34:740-747.
4. Brousseau, R., A. Saint-Onge, G. Préfontaine, L. Masson, and J. Cabana. 1993. Arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction, a powerful method to identify Bacillus thuringiensis serovars and strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:114-119.
5. Bulla, L. A., Jr., K. J. Kramer, and L. I. Davidson. 1977. Characterization of the entomocidal parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Bacteriol. 130:375-383.
6. Bulla, L. A., Jr., K. J. Kramer, D. J. Cox, B. L. Jones, L. I. Davidson, and G. L. Lookhart. 1981. Purification and characterization of the entomocidal protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Biol. Chem. 256:3000-3004.
7. Carroll, J., J. Li, and D. J. Ellar. 1989. Proteolytic processing of a coleopteran-specific delta-endotoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. Biochem. J. 261:99-105.
8. Chestukhina, G. G., I. A. Zalunin, L. I. Kostina, T. S. Kotova, S. P. Katrukha, L. A. Lyublinskaya, and V. M. Stepanov. 1978. Proteinases bound to crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis. Biochemistry 43:681-686.
9. Chestukhina, G. G., I. A. Zalunin, L. I. Kostina, T. S. Kotova, S. P. Katrukha, and V. M. Stepanov. 1980. Crystal-forming proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis: the limited hydrolysis by endogenous proteinases as a cause of their apparent multiplicity. Biochem. J. 187:457-465.
10. Chilcott, C. N., J. Kalamakoff, and J. S. Pillai. 1983. Characterization of proteolytic activity associated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 18:37-41.
11. Donovan, W. P., and S. R. Kushner. 1986. Polynucleotide phosphorylase and ribonuclease II are required for cell viability and mRNA turnover in Escherichia coli K-12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:120-124.
12. Donovan, W. P., C. C. Dankocsik, M. P. Gilbert, M. C. Gawron-Burke, R. G. Groat, and B. C. Carlton. 1988. Amino acid sequence and entomocidal activity of the P2 crystal protein. J. Biol. Chem. 263:561-567.
13. Donovan, W. P., M. J. Rupar, and A. C. Slaney. January 1993. Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIC(B) toxin gene and protein toxic to coleopteran insects. U.S. patent 5,264,364.
14. Donovan, W. P., Y. Tan, C. S. Jany, and J. M. Gonzalez, Jr. June 1994. Bacillus thuringiensis cryET4 and cryET5 toxin genes and proteins toxic to lepidopteran insects. U.S. patent 5,322,687.
15. 14a. Donovan, W. P. Unpublished data.
16. Dulmage, H. T. 1981. Insecticidal activity of isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis and their potential for pest control, p. 193-222. In H. D. Burges (ed.), Microbial control of pests and plant diseases. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
17. Feitelson, J. S., J. Payne, and L. Kim. 1992. Bacillus thuringiensis: insects and beyond. Bio/Technology 10:271-275.
18. Gonzalez, J. M., Jr., and B. C. Carlton. 1984. A large transmissible plasmid is required for crystal toxin production in Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis. Plasmid 11:28-38.
19. Haider, M. Z., B. H. Knowles, and D. J. Ellar. 1986. Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri insecticidal delta-endotoxin is determined by differential proteolytic processing of the protoxin by larval gut proteases. Eur. J. Biochem. 156:531-540.
20. Höfte, H., and H. R. Whiteley. 1989. Insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbiol. Rev. 53:242-255.
21. Kawamura, F., and R. H. Doi. 1984. Construction of a Bacillus subtilis double mutant deficient in extracellular alkaline and neutral proteases. J. Bacteriol. 160:442-444.
22. Knowles, B. H. 1994. Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal delta-endotoxins. Adv. Insect Physiol. 24:275-308.
23. Koziel, M. G., N. B. Carozzi, T. C. Currier, G. W. Warren, and S. V. Evola. 1993. The insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis: past, present and future uses. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 11:171-227.
24. Kunitate, A., M. Okamoto, and I. Ohmori. 1989. Purification and characterization of a thermostable serine protease from Bacillus thuringiensis. Agric. Biol. Chem. 53:3251-3256.
25. Li, E., and A. A. Yousten. 1975. Metalloprotease from Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl. Microbiol. 30:354-361.
26. Macaluso, A., and A.-M. Mettus. 1991. Efficient transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis requires nonmethylated plasmid DNA. J. Bacteriol. 173:1353-1356.
27. MacIntosh, S. C., G. M. Kishore, F. J. Perlak, P. G. Marrone, T. B. Stone, S. R. Sims, and R. L. Fuchs. 1990. Potentiation of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity by serine protease inhibitors. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 1145-1152.
28. Matar, G. M., T. A. Slieman, and N. H. Nabbut. 1996. Subtyping of Bacillus cereus by total cell protein patterns and arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 12:309-314.
29. Nickerson, K. W., and J. D. Swanson. 1981. Removal of contaminating proteases from Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals by density gradient centrifugation in NaBr. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13:213-215.
30. Norton, N. B., K. A. Orzech, and W. F. Burke, Jr. 1985. Construction and characterization of plasmid vectors for cloning in the entomocidal organism Bacillus sphaericus 1593. Plasmid 13:211-214.
31. Ogiwara, K., L. S. Indrasith, S. Asano, and H. Hori. 1992. Processing of delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 and HD-73 by gut juices of various insect larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 60:121-126.
32. Perlman, D., and H. O. Halvorson. 1983. A putative signal peptidase recognition site and sequence in eukaryotic and prokaryotic signal peptides. J. Mol. Biol. 167:391-409.
33. Pfannenstiel, M. A., E. J. Ross, V. C. Kramer, and K. W. Nickerson. 1984. Toxicity and composition of protease-inhibited Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 21:39-42.
34. Sarath, G., R. S. de la Motte, and F. W. Wagner. 1989. Protease assay methods, p. 25-54. In R. J. Beynon and J. S. Bond (ed.), Proteolytic enzymes: a practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
35. Sekar, V. 1988. The insecticidal crystal protein gene is expressed in vegetative cells of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. Curr. Microbiol. 17:347-349.
36. Sidler, W., E. Niederer, F. Suter, and H. Zuber. 1986. The primary structure of Bacillus cereus neutral proteinase and comparison with thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 367:643-657.
37. Sloma, A., G. A. Rufo, Jr., K. A. Theriault, M. Dwyer, S. W. Wilson, and J. Pero. 1991. Cloning and characterization of the gene for an additional extracellular serine protease of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 173:6889-6895.
38. Stepanov, V. M., G. G. Chestukhina, G. N. Rudenskaya, A. S. Epremyan, A. L. Osterman, O. M. Khodova, and L. P. Belyanova. 1981. A new subfamily of microbial serine proteinases? Structural similarities of Bacillus thuringiensis and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris extracellular serine proteinases. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 100:1680-1687.
39. Thanabalu, T., and A. G. Porter. 1995. Efficient expression of a 100-kilodalton mosquitocidal toxin in protease-deficient recombinant Bacillus sphaericus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:4031-4036.
40. Thurley, P., C. N. Chilcott, J. Kalmakoff, and J. S. Pillai. 1985. Characterization of proteolytic activity associated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis crystals. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 27:221-225.
41. Tinoco, I., Jr., P. N. Borer, B. Dengler, M. D. Levine, O. C. Uhlenbeck, D. M. Crothers, and J. Gralia. 1973. Improved estimation of secondary structure in ribonucleic acids. Nature New Biol. 246:40-41.
42. Titani, K., M. A. Hermodson, L. H. Ericsson, K. A. Walsh, and H. Neurath. 1972. Amino-acid sequence of thermolysin. Nature New Biol. 238:35-37.
43. Tojo, A., W. Samasanti, N. Yoshida, and K. Aizawa. 1986. Effects of the three proteases from gut juice of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, on the two morphologically different inclusions of delta-endotoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 strain. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50:575-580.
44. Vasantha, N., L. D. Thompson, C. Rhodes, C. Banner, J. Nagle, and D. Filpula. 1984. Genes for alkaline protease and neutral protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens contain a large open reading frame between the regions coding for signal sequence and mature protein. J. Bacteriol. 159:811-819.
45. Wetmore, D. R., S. Wong, and R. S. Roche. 1992. The role of the prosequence in the processing and secretion of the thermolysin-like neutral protease from Bacillus cereus. Mol. Microbiol. 6:1593-1604.
46. Wong, H. C., and S. Chang. 1986. Identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mRNAs in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3233-3237.
47. Yamamoto, T., and T. Iizuka. 1983. Two types of entomocidal toxins in the parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 227:233-241.
48. Yang, M.-T., and J. F. Gardner. 1989. Transcription termination directed by heteroduplex thr attenuator templates. J. Biol. Chem. 264:2634-2639.
49. Yang, M. Y., E. Ferrari, and D. J. Henner. 1984. Cloning of the neutral protease gene of Bacillus subtilis and the use of the cloned gene to create an in vitro-derived deletion mutation. J. Bacteriol. 160:15-21.
50. Youngman, P., H. Poth, B. Green, K. York, G. Olmedo, and K. Smith. 1989. Methods for genetic manipulation, cloning, and functional analysis of sporulation genes in Bacillus subtilis, p. 65-87. In I. Smith, R. A. Slepecky, and P. Setlow (ed.), Regulation of procaryotic development. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.