메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 757, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 119-132

The effects of traumatic brain injury on inhibition in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus

Author keywords

Aminobutyric acid; Dentate gyms; Hippocampus; Paired pulse inhibition; Rat; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN INJURY; DENTATE GYRUS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; EVOKED RESPONSE; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; FACILITATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KINDLING; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT;

EID: 0030920178     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00170-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0023929233 scopus 로고
    • The role of divalent cations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate responses of mouse central neurons in culture
    • Ascher, P. and Nowak, L., The role of divalent cations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate responses of mouse central neurons in culture, J. Physiol., 399 (1988) 247-266.
    • (1988) J. Physiol. , vol.399 , pp. 247-266
    • Ascher, P.1    Nowak, L.2
  • 2
    • 0000447542 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia and vascular disorders of the central nervous system
    • edited by Adams, J.H., Corsellis, J.A.N. and Duchen, L.W. New York: Wiley
    • Brierley, J.B. and Graham, D.I., Hypoxia and vascular disorders of the central nervous system. In: Greenfield's Neuropathology, edited by Adams, J.H., Corsellis, J.A.N. and Duchen, L.W. New York: Wiley (1984) pp. 125-209.
    • (1984) In: Greenfield's Neuropathology , pp. 125-209
    • Brierley, J.B.1    Graham, D.I.2
  • 3
    • 0028286992 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures
    • Cavazos, J.E., Das, I. and Sutula, T.P. Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures, J. Neurosci., 14 (1994) 3106-3121.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 3106-3121
    • Cavazos, J.E.1    Das, I.2    Sutula, T.P.3
  • 4
    • 0024385834 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal unit activity after transient cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Chang, H.S., Sasaki, T. and Kassell, N.F., Hippocampal unit activity after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, Stroke, 20 (1989) 1051-1058.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1051-1058
    • Chang, H.S.1    Sasaki, T.2    Kassell, N.F.3
  • 5
    • 0024822478 scopus 로고
    • Decreases in excitatory synaptic transmission and increases in recurrent inhibition in the rat dentate gyrus after transient cerebral ischemia
    • Chang, H.S., Steward, O. and Kassell, N.F., Decreases in excitatory synaptic transmission and increases in recurrent inhibition in the rat dentate gyrus after transient cerebral ischemia, Brain Res., 505 (1989) 220-224.
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.505 , pp. 220-224
    • Chang, H.S.1    Steward, O.2    Kassell, N.F.3
  • 6
    • 0026736761 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of perforant path synapses in CA1: Mediation by glutamate receptors
    • Colbert, C.M. and Levy, W.B., Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of perforant path synapses in CA1: mediation by glutamate receptors, J. Neurophysiol., 68 (1992) 1-8.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1-8
    • Colbert, C.M.1    Levy, W.B.2
  • 7
    • 0025357856 scopus 로고
    • Paired-pulse depression of monosynaptic GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic responses in rat hippocampus
    • Davies, C.H., Davies, S.N. and Collingridge, G.L., Paired-pulse depression of monosynaptic GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic responses in rat hippocampus, J. Physiol., 424 (1990) 513-531.
    • (1990) J. Physiol. , vol.424 , pp. 513-531
    • Davies, C.H.1    Davies, S.N.2    Collingridge, G.L.3
  • 8
    • 0023189099 scopus 로고
    • The development and decay of kindling-induced increases in paired-pulse depression in the dentate gyrus
    • de Jonge, M. and Racine, R.J., The development and decay of kindling-induced increases in paired-pulse depression in the dentate gyrus, Brain Res., 412 (1987) 318-328.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.412 , pp. 318-328
    • De Jonge, M.1    Racine, R.J.2
  • 9
    • 0029559421 scopus 로고
    • Differential consequences of lateral and central fluid percussion brain injury on receptor coupling in rat hippocampus
    • Delahunty, T.M., Jiang, J.Y., Gong, Q.-Z., Black, R.T. and Lyeth, B.G., Differential consequences of lateral and central fluid percussion brain injury on receptor coupling in rat hippocampus, J. Neurotrauma, 12 (1995) 1045-1057.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 1045-1057
    • Delahunty, T.M.1    Jiang, J.Y.2    Gong, Q.-Z.3    Black, R.T.4    Lyeth, B.G.5
  • 11
    • 0342864951 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor blockade reveals changes in cholinergic function in two models of traumatic brain injury
    • In M. Globus, W.D. Dietrich (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York
    • Dixon, C.E., Hamm, R.J., Clifton, G.L. and Hayes, R.L., Muscarinic receptor blockade reveals changes in cholinergic function in two models of traumatic brain injury. In M. Globus, W.D. Dietrich (Eds.), The Role of Neurotransmitters in Brain Injury, Plenum Press, New York, 1992, pp. 213-218.
    • (1992) The Role of Neurotransmitters in Brain Injury , pp. 213-218
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Hamm, R.J.2    Clifton, G.L.3    Hayes, R.L.4
  • 12
    • 0028788393 scopus 로고
    • Time course of increased vulnerability of cholinergic neurotransmission following traumatic brain injury in the rat
    • Dixon, C.E., Liu, S.-J., Jenkins, L.W., Bhattachargee, M., Whitson, J.S., Yang, K. and Hayes, R.L., Time course of increased vulnerability of cholinergic neurotransmission following traumatic brain injury in the rat, Brain Res., 70 (1995) 125-131.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.70 , pp. 125-131
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Liu, S.-J.2    Jenkins, L.W.3    Bhattachargee, M.4    Whitson, J.S.5    Yang, K.6    Hayes, R.L.7
  • 13
    • 0024365739 scopus 로고
    • The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury
    • Faden, A.I., Demediuk, P., Panter, S.S. and Vink, R., The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury, Science, 244 (1989) 798-800.
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 798-800
    • Faden, A.I.1    Demediuk, P.2    Panter, S.S.3    Vink, R.4
  • 14
    • 0025864422 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effect of transient global ischemia on extracellular levels of glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in vulnerable and nonvulnerable brain regions in the rat
    • Globus, M.Y.-T., Busto, R., Martinez, E., Valdes, I., Dietrich, W.D. and Ginsberg, M.D., Comparative effect of transient global ischemia on extracellular levels of glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in vulnerable and nonvulnerable brain regions in the rat, J. Neurochem., 57 (1991) 470-478.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.57 , pp. 470-478
    • Globus, M.Y.-T.1    Busto, R.2    Martinez, E.3    Valdes, I.4    Dietrich, W.D.5    Ginsberg, M.D.6
  • 15
    • 0001270469 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of acetylcholine release following concussive brain injury in the rat
    • Gorman, L.K., Fu, K., Hovda, D.A., Becker, D.P. and Katayama, Y., Analysis of acetylcholine release following concussive brain injury in the rat, J. Neurotrauma, 6 (1989) 203.
    • (1989) J. Neurotrauma , vol.6 , pp. 203
    • Gorman, L.K.1    Fu, K.2    Hovda, D.A.3    Becker, D.P.4    Katayama, Y.5
  • 16
    • 0027727646 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: The effect of pre- And post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801
    • Hamm, R.J., O'Dell, D.M., Pike, B.R. and Lyeth, B.G., Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre- and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801, Cog. Brain Res., 1 (1993) 223-226.
    • (1993) Cog. Brain Res. , vol.1 , pp. 223-226
    • Hamm, R.J.1    O'Dell, D.M.2    Pike, B.R.3    Lyeth, B.G.4
  • 17
    • 0028087914 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury enhances the amnesic effect of an NMDA antagonist in rats
    • Hamm, R.J., Pike, B.R., O'Dell, D.M. and Lyeth, B.G., Traumatic brain injury enhances the amnesic effect of an NMDA antagonist in rats, J. Neurosurg., 81 (1994) 267-271.
    • (1994) J. Neurosurg. , vol.81 , pp. 267-271
    • Hamm, R.J.1    Pike, B.R.2    O'Dell, D.M.3    Lyeth, B.G.4
  • 18
    • 0028790812 scopus 로고
    • The effect of postinjury kindled seizures on cognitive performance of traumatically brain-injured rats
    • Hamm, R.J., Pike, B.R., Temple, M.D., O'Dell, D.M. and Lyeth, B.G., The effect of postinjury kindled seizures on cognitive performance of traumatically brain-injured rats, Exp. Neurol., 136 (1995) 143-148.
    • (1995) Exp. Neurol. , vol.136 , pp. 143-148
    • Hamm, R.J.1    Pike, B.R.2    Temple, M.D.3    O'Dell, D.M.4    Lyeth, B.G.5
  • 19
    • 0026518645 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter-mediated mechanisms of traumatic brain injury: acetylcholine and excitatory amino acids
    • Hayes, R.L., Jenkins, L.W. and Lyeth, B.G., Neurotransmitter-mediated mechanisms of traumatic brain injury: acetylcholine and excitatory amino acids, J. Neurotrauma, 9 (Supplement) (1992) S173-S187.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPLEMENT
    • Hayes, R.L.1    Jenkins, L.W.2    Lyeth, B.G.3
  • 20
    • 0022339183 scopus 로고
    • A selective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist depresses epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices
    • Herron, C.E., Williamson, R. and Collingridge, G.L., A selective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist depresses epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices, Neurosci. Lett., 61 (1985) 255-260.
    • (1985) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.61 , pp. 255-260
    • Herron, C.E.1    Williamson, R.2    Collingridge, G.L.3
  • 21
    • 0023852640 scopus 로고
    • Changes in local evoked field potentials in the rat hippocampus (CA1) during kindling epileptogenesis
    • Kamphuis, W., Wadman, W.J. and Lopes da Silva, F.H., Changes in local evoked field potentials in the rat hippocampus (CA1) during kindling epileptogenesis, Brain Res., 440 (1988) 205-215.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.440 , pp. 205-215
    • Kamphuis, W.1    Wadman, W.J.2    Lopes Da Silva, F.H.3
  • 22
    • 0026642884 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal kindling leads to different changes in paired-pulse depression of focal evoked field potentials in area CA1 and in the fascia dentata
    • Kamphuis, W., Gorter, J.A., Wadman, W.J. and Lopes da Silva, F.H., Hippocampal kindling leads to different changes in paired-pulse depression of focal evoked field potentials in area CA1 and in the fascia dentata, Neurosci. Lett., 141 (1992) 101-105.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.141 , pp. 101-105
    • Kamphuis, W.1    Gorter, J.A.2    Wadman, W.J.3    Lopes Da Silva, F.H.4
  • 23
    • 0024574179 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that repetitive seizures in the hippocampus cause a lasting reduction of GABAergic inhibition
    • Kapur, J., Stringer, J.L. and Lothman, E.W., Evidence that repetitive seizures in the hippocampus cause a lasting reduction of GABAergic inhibition, J. Neurophysiol., 61 (1989) 417-426.
    • (1989) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.61 , pp. 417-426
    • Kapur, J.1    Stringer, J.L.2    Lothman, E.W.3
  • 24
    • 0025242563 scopus 로고
    • Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury
    • Katayama, Y., Becker, D.P., Tamura, T. and Hovda, D.A., Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury, J. Neurosurg., 73 (1990) 889-900.
    • (1990) J. Neurosurg. , vol.73 , pp. 889-900
    • Katayama, Y.1    Becker, D.P.2    Tamura, T.3    Hovda, D.A.4
  • 25
    • 0020325172 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the putative GABAergic agonists, muscimol and THIP, upon local cerebral glucose utilisation
    • Kelly, P.T. and McCulloch, J., Effects of the putative GABAergic agonists, muscimol and THIP, upon local cerebral glucose utilisation, J. Neurochem., 39 (1982) 613-624.
    • (1982) J. Neurochem. , vol.39 , pp. 613-624
    • Kelly, P.T.1    McCulloch, J.2
  • 26
    • 0020679217 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the GABAergic agonist muscimol upon the relationship between local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization
    • Kelly, P.T. and McCulloch, J., The effects of the GABAergic agonist muscimol upon the relationship between local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization, Brain Res., 258 (1983) 338-342.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.258 , pp. 338-342
    • Kelly, P.T.1    McCulloch, J.2
  • 27
    • 0022400026 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal neuronal excitability in hippocampal slices from kindled rats
    • King, G.L., Dingledine, R., Giacchino, J.L. and McNamara, J.O., Abnormal neuronal excitability in hippocampal slices from kindled rats, J. Neurophysiol., 54 (1985) 1295-1304.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.54 , pp. 1295-1304
    • King, G.L.1    Dingledine, R.2    Giacchino, J.L.3    McNamara, J.O.4
  • 28
    • 0026488694 scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of dentate hilar neurons following traumatic brain injury: A potential mechanistic link between head trauma and disorders of the hippocampus
    • Lowenstein, D.H., Thomas, M.J., Smith, D.H. and McIntosh, T.K., Selective vulnerability of dentate hilar neurons following traumatic brain injury: a potential mechanistic link between head trauma and disorders of the hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 12 (1992) 4846-4853.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 4846-4853
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1    Thomas, M.J.2    Smith, D.H.3    McIntosh, T.K.4
  • 29
    • 0026526801 scopus 로고
    • Postinjury scopolamine administration in experimental traumatic brain injury
    • Lyeth, B.G., Ray, M. and Hamm, R.J., Postinjury scopolamine administration in experimental traumatic brain injury, Brain Res., 569 (1992) 281-286.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.569 , pp. 281-286
    • Lyeth, B.G.1    Ray, M.2    Hamm, R.J.3
  • 30
    • 0026089090 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission
    • Madison, D.V., Malenda, R.C. and Nicoll, R.A., Mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 14 (1991) 379-397.
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 379-397
    • Madison, D.V.1    Malenda, R.C.2    Nicoll, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0023215326 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in dentate neuronal activities associated with perforant path kindling. III. Enhancement of synaptic inhibition
    • Maru, E. and Goddard, G.V., Alteration in dentate neuronal activities associated with perforant path kindling. III. Enhancement of synaptic inhibition, Exp. Neurol., 96 (1987) 46-60.
    • (1987) Exp. Neurol. , vol.96 , pp. 46-60
    • Maru, E.1    Goddard, G.V.2
  • 32
    • 0020005069 scopus 로고
    • Long-term synaptic enhancement and short-term potentiation act through different mechanisms
    • McNaughton, B.L., Long-term synaptic enhancement and short-term potentiation act through different mechanisms, J. Physiol., 324 (1982) 249-262.
    • (1982) J. Physiol. , vol.324 , pp. 249-262
    • McNaughton, B.L.1
  • 34
    • 0025182940 scopus 로고
    • Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats
    • Nilsson, P., Hillered, L., Ponten, U. and Ungerstedt, U., Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats, J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol., 10 (1990) 631-637.
    • (1990) J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol. , vol.10 , pp. 631-637
    • Nilsson, P.1    Hillered, L.2    Ponten, U.3    Ungerstedt, U.4
  • 35
    • 0028865589 scopus 로고
    • A receptor, and cognitive impairment in rats following traumatic brain injury
    • A receptor, and cognitive impairment in rats following traumatic brain injury, J. Neurosurg., 83 (1995) 878-883.
    • (1995) J. Neurosurg. , vol.83 , pp. 878-883
    • O'Dell, D.M.1    Hamm, R.J.2
  • 36
    • 0028586835 scopus 로고
    • Increased transmitter amino acid concentration in human ventricular CSF after brain trauma
    • Palmer, A.M., Marion, D.W., Botscheller, M.L., Bowen, D.M. and DeKosky, S.T. Increased transmitter amino acid concentration in human ventricular CSF after brain trauma, NeuroReport, 6 (1994) 153-156.
    • (1994) NeuroReport , vol.6 , pp. 153-156
    • Palmer, A.M.1    Marion, D.W.2    Botscheller, M.L.3    Bowen, D.M.4    Dekosky, S.T.5
  • 37
    • 0027096904 scopus 로고
    • C-fos expression in the hippocampus following mild and moderate fluid percussion brain injury
    • Phillips, L.L. and Belardo, E.T., C-fos expression in the hippocampus following mild and moderate fluid percussion brain injury, J. Neurotrauma, 9 (1992) 323-333.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , pp. 323-333
    • Phillips, L.L.1    Belardo, E.T.2
  • 38
    • 0028820892 scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation deficits and excitability changes following traumatic brain injury
    • Reeves, T.M., Lyeth, B.G. and Povlishock, J.T., Long-term potentiation deficits and excitability changes following traumatic brain injury, Exp. Brain Res., 106 (1995) 248-256.
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.106 , pp. 248-256
    • Reeves, T.M.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Povlishock, J.T.3
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0022574025 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, phenytoin and pentylenetetrazol on hippocampal paired-pulse inhibition in vivo
    • Rock, D.M. and Taylor, C.P., Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, phenytoin and pentylenetetrazol on hippocampal paired-pulse inhibition in vivo, Neurosci. Lett., 65 (1986) 265-270.
    • (1986) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.65 , pp. 265-270
    • Rock, D.M.1    Taylor, C.P.2
  • 41
    • 0023864279 scopus 로고
    • The glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method in peroxidase histochemistry of the nervous system
    • Shu, S., Ju, G. and Fan, L., The glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method in peroxidase histochemistry of the nervous system, Neurosci. Lett., 85 (1988) 169-171.
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.85 , pp. 169-171
    • Shu, S.1    Ju, G.2    Fan, L.3
  • 42
    • 0025717372 scopus 로고
    • Feedforward and feedback inhibition of hippocampal prinicipal cell activity evoked by perforant path stimulation: GABA-mediated mechanisms that regulate excitability in vivo
    • Sloviter, R.S., Feedforward and feedback inhibition of hippocampal prinicipal cell activity evoked by perforant path stimulation: GABA-mediated mechanisms that regulate excitability in vivo, Hippocampus, 1 (1991) 31-40.
    • (1991) Hippocampus , vol.1 , pp. 31-40
    • Sloviter, R.S.1
  • 43
    • 0021225723 scopus 로고
    • The density and distribution of ischemic brain injury in the rat following 2-10 min of forebrain ischemia
    • Smith, M.-L., Auer, R.N. and Siesjo, B.K. The density and distribution of ischemic brain injury in the rat following 2-10 min of forebrain ischemia. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), 64 (1984) 319-322.
    • (1984) Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) , vol.64 , pp. 319-322
    • Smith, M.-L.1    Auer, R.N.2    Siesjo, B.K.3
  • 44
    • 0028277558 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
    • Thompson, S.M., Modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, Prog. Neurobiol., 42 (1994) 575-609.
    • (1994) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.42 , pp. 575-609
    • Thompson, S.M.1
  • 45
    • 0023881486 scopus 로고
    • Outward chloride cation co-transport in mammalian cortical neurons
    • Thompson, S.M., Deisz, R.A. and Prince, D.A., Outward chloride cation co-transport in mammalian cortical neurons, Neurosci. Lett., 89 (1988) 49-54.
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.89 , pp. 49-54
    • Thompson, S.M.1    Deisz, R.A.2    Prince, D.A.3
  • 49
    • 0020506528 scopus 로고
    • The effects of kindling on GABA-mediated inhibition in the dentate gyrus of the rat. I. paired-pulse depression
    • Tuff, L.P., Racine, R.J. and Adamec, R., The effects of kindling on GABA-mediated inhibition in the dentate gyrus of the rat. I. paired-pulse depression, Brain Res., 277 (1983) 79-90.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.277 , pp. 79-90
    • Tuff, L.P.1    Racine, R.J.2    Adamec, R.3
  • 50
    • 0020508938 scopus 로고
    • The effects of kindling on GABA-mediated inhibition in the dentate gyrus of the rat. II. receptor binding
    • Tuff, L.P., Racine, R.J. and Mishra, R.K., The effects of kindling on GABA-mediated inhibition in the dentate gyrus of the rat. II. receptor binding, Brain Res., 277 (1983) 91-98.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.277 , pp. 91-98
    • Tuff, L.P.1    Racine, R.J.2    Mishra, R.K.3
  • 51
    • 0025990461 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hippocampal kindling on paired-pulse response in CA1 in vitro
    • Zhao, D. and Leung, L.S., Effects of hippocampal kindling on paired-pulse response in CA1 in vitro, Brain Res., 564 (1991) 220-229.
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.564 , pp. 220-229
    • Zhao, D.1    Leung, L.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.