Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy alone: Determinants of local and regional control

International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 985-996

  Sanguineti, Giuseppe ^a,b   Geara, Fady B ^a,d   Garden, Adam S ^a   Tucker, Susan L ^a   Ang, Kian ^a   Morrison, William H ^a   Peters, Lester J ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^c PETER MACCALLUM CANCER CENTRE   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Local control; Nasopharynx; Neck control; Prognostic indicators; Radiation therapy

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NASOPHARYNX CARCINOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TREATMENT FAILURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARCINOMA; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS; NECK; PROGNOSIS; RADIODERMATITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT FAILURE;

EID: 0030917999     PISSN: 03603016     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00104-1     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Al-Sarraf, M.; Pajak, T. F.; Cooper, J. S.; Mohiuddin, M.; Herskovic, A.; Ager, P. J. Chemo-radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A radiation therapy oncology group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 8:1342-1351; 1990.
2. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) manual for staging of cancer. Nasopharynx. 3rd ed., Beahrs, O. H.; Henson, D. E.; Hutter, R. V. P.; Kennedy, B. J., eds. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott; 1992:34.
3. Amornmarn, R.; Prempree, T.; Sewchand, W.; Jaiwatana, J. Radiation management of advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. Cancer 52:802-807; 1983.
4. Ang, K. K.; Peters, L. J.; Weber, R. S.; Maor, M. H.; Morrison, W. H.; Wendt, C. D.; Brown, B. W. Concomitant boost radiotherapy schedules in the treatment of carcinoma of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 19:1339-1345; 1990.
5. Ang, K. K.; Kaanders, J. H.; Peters, L. J. Nasopharynx. In: Ang, K. K.; Kaanders, J. H.; Peters, L. J., eds. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Indications and techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1993:51-57.
6. Applebaum, E. L.; Mantravadi, P.; Haas, R. Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx. Laryngoscope 92:510-514; 1982.
7. Bailet, J. W.; Mark, R. J.; Abemayor, E.; Lee, S. P.; Tran, L. M.; Juillard, G.; Ward, P. H. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Treatment results with primary radiation therapy. Laryngoscope 102:965-972; 1992.
8. Bedwinek, J. M.; Perez, C. A.; Keys, D. J. Analysis of failures after definitive irradiation for epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cancer 45:2725-2729; 1980.
9. Budihna, M.; Furlan, L.; Smid, L. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: Results of radiation treatment and some prognostic factors. Radiother. Oncol. 8:25-32; 1987.
10. Chan, A. T. C.; Teo, P. M. L.; Leung, T. W. T.; Leung, S. F.; Lee, W. Y.; Yeo, W.; Choi, P. H. K.; Johnson, P. J. A prospective randomized study of chemotherapy adjunctive to definitive radiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33:569-577; 1995.
11. Chu, A. M.; Flynn, M. B.; Achino, E.; Mendoza, E. F.; Scott, R. M.; Jose, B. Irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Correlations with treatment factors and stage. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 10:2241-2249; 1984.
12. Cooper, J. S.; Rowe, J. D.; Newall, J. Regional Stage IV carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by aggressive radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 9:1737-1745; 1983.
13. Dimery, I. W.; Legha, S. S.; Peters, L. J.; Goepfert, H.; Oswald, M. J. Adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 60:943-949; 1987.
14. Dimery, I. W.; Peters, L. J.; Goepfert, H.; Morrison, W. H.; Byers, R. M.; Guillory, C.; McCarthy, K.; Weber, R. S.; Hong, W. K. Effectiveness of combined induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 11:1919-1928; 1993.
15. Eschwege, F.; El Gueddari, B.; Wierzbiecki, R.; Prassad, U.; Krajina, Z.; Altun, M.; Chryssanthou, N.; Cvitkovic, E.; Benhamou, E. Randomized multicentric international phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin, epirubicin, cisplatin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type: preliminary results (Abstr.). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 32(Suppl. 1):192; 1995.
16. Fletcher, G. H.; Million, R. R. Nasopharynx. In: Fletcher, G. H., ed. Textbook of radiation therapy, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1980:364-383.
17. Frezza, G.; Barbieri, E.; Emiliani, E.; Silvano, M.; Babini, L. Patterns of failure in nasopharyngeal cancer treated with megavoltage irradiation. Radiother. Oncol. 5:287-294; 1986.
18. Fu, K. K. Prognostic factors of carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6:523-526; 1980.
19. Garden, A. S.; Lippman, S. M.; Morrison, W. H.; Glisson, B. S.; Ang, K. K.; Geara, F.; Hong, W. K. Peters, L. J. Does induction chemotherapy have a role in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Results of treatment in the era of computerized tomography. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 36:1005-1012; 1996.
20. Grandi, C.; Boracchi, P.; Mezzanotte, G.; Squadrelli, M.; Marubini, E.; Molinari, R. Analysis of prognostic factors and proposal of a new classification for nasopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 12:31-40; 1990.
21. Haghbin, M.; Kramer, S.; Patchefsky, A. S.; Prestipino, A. J.; Diener-West, M. D. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 8:384-392; 1985.
22. Ho, J. H. C. An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 4:183-198; 1978.
23. Hoppe, R. T.; Goffinet, D. R.; Bagshaw, M. A. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cancer 37:2605-2612; 1976.
24. Hoppe, R. T.; Williams, J.; Warnke, R.; Goffinet, D. R.; Bagshaw, M. A. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx - The significance of histology. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 4:199-205; 1978.
25. Huang, S. C. Nasopharyngeal cancer: A review of 1605 patients treated radically with cobalt 60. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6:401-407; 1980.
26. Johansen, L. V.; Mestre, M.; Overgaard, J. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: Analysis of treatment results in 167 consecutively admitted patients. Head Neck 14:200-207; 1992.
27. Kaasa, S.; Kragh-Jensen, E.; Bjordal, K.; Lund, E.; Evensen, J. F.; Vermund, H.; Monge, O.; Boehler, P. Prognostic factors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 32:531-536; 1993.
28. Laramore, G. E.; Clubb, B.; Quick, C.; Amer, M. H.; Ali, M.; Greer, W.; Mahboubi, E.; El-Senoussi, M.; Schultz, H., El-Akkad, S. M. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study of 166 cases treated with curative intent. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 15:1119-1127; 1988.
29. Lee, A. W. M.; Poon, Y. F.; Foo, W.; Law, S. C. K.; Cheung, F. K.; Chan, D. K. K.; Tung, S. Y.; Thaw, M.; Ho, J. H. C. Retrospective analysis of 5037 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976-1985: Overall survival and patterns of failure. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 23:261-270; 1992.
30. Lee, A. W. M.; Law, S. C. K.; Foo, W.; Poon, Y. F.; Chan, D. K. K.; Tung, S. Y.; Cheung, F. K.; Thaw, M.; Ho, J. H. C. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Local control by megavoltage irradiation. Br. J. Radiol. 66:528-536; 1993.
31. Lee, A. W. M.; Chan, D. K. K.; Fowler, J. F.; Poon, Y. F.; Foo, W.; Law, S. C. K.; Tung, S. Y.; Chappell, R. Effect of time, dose and fractionation on local control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother. Oncol. 36:25-31; 1995.
32. Leibel, S. A.; Kutcher, G. J.; Harrison, L. B.; Fass, D. E.; Burman, C. M.; Hunt, M. A.; Mohan, R.; Brewster, L. J.; Ling, C. C.; Fuks, Z. Y. Improved dose distributions for 3D conformal boost treatments in carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 20:823-833; 1991.
33. Levendag, P. C.; Huygen, P. L. M.; Kazem, I.; Van Den Broek, P.; Slooff, J. L. Malignant tumours of the nasopharynx: Retrospective review of 74 cases. Clin. Radiol. 34:451-458; 1983.
34. Marcial, V. A.; Hanley, J. A.; Chang, C.; Davis, L. W.; Moscol, J. A. Split-course radiation therapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx: Results of a national collaborative clinical trial of the radiation therapy oncology group. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6:409-414; 1980.
35. Marks, J. E.; Bedwinek, J. M.; Lee, F.; Purdy, J. A.; Perez, C. A. Dose-response analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An historical perspective. Cancer 50:1042-1050; 1982.
36. Mesic, J. B.; Fletcher, G. H.; Goepfert, H. Megavoltage irradiation of epithelial tumors of the nasopharynx. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 7:447-453; 1981.
37. Muir, C. S.; Waterhouse, J.; Mack, T. Cancer incidence in five continents, vol. V. Lyon, France: IARC Sci. Publi.; 1987:88.
38. Perez, C. A.; Devineni, V. R.; Marcial-Vega, V.; Marks, J. E.; Simpson, J. R.; Kuick, N. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: Factors affecting prognosis. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 23:271-280; 1992.
39. Peters, L. J.; Batsakis, J. G.; Goepfert, H.; Hong, W. K. The diagnosis and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Caucasians. In: Williams, C. J.; Krikorian, J. G.; Green, M. R.; Raghavan, D., eds. Textbook of uncommon cancer. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 1988:975-1006.
40. Petrovich, Z.; Cox, J. D.; Middleton, R.; Ohanian, M.; Paig, C.; Jepson, J. Advanced carcinoma of the nasopharynx. 2. Pattern of failure in 256 patients. Radiother. Oncol. 4:15-20; 1984.
41. Qin, D.; Hu, Y.; Yan, J.; Xu, G.; Cai, W.; Wu, X.; Cao, D.; Gu, X. Analysis of 1379 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiation. Cancer 61:1117-1124; 1988.
42. Santos, J. A.; González Cuesta, P.; De la Fuente, I.; Carrión, J. R. Impact of changes in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An experience of 30 years. Radiother. Oncol. 36:121-127; 1995.
43. Saw, D.; Ho, J. H. C.; Fong, M.; Chan, C. L.; Tse, C. H.; Lau, W. H. Prognosis and histology in Stage I nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 11:893-898; 1985.
44. Scanlon, P. W.; Rhodes, R. E., Jr.; Woolner, L. B.; Devine, K. D.; McBean, J. B. Cancer of the nasopharynx: 142 patients treated in the 11-year period 1950-1960. AJR 99: 313-315; 1967.
45. Schabinger, P. R.; Reddy, S.; Hendrickson, f. R.; Phillips, R. L.; Saxena, V. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: Survival and patterns of recurrence. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 11:2081-2084; 1985.
46. Sham, J. S. T.; Cheung, Y. K.; Choy, D.; Chan, F. L.; Leong, L. Cranial nerve involvement and base of the skull erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 68:422-426; 1991.
47. Sham, J. S. T.; Choy, D. Prognostic value of paranasopharyngeal extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on local control and short-term survival. Head Neck 13:298-310; 1991.
48. Sham, J. S. T.; Wei, W. I.; Nicholls, J.; Chan, C. W.; Choy, D. Extent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma involvement inside the nasopharynx. Lack of prognostic value on local control. Cancer 69:854-859; 1992.
49. Sham, J.; Choy, D.; Kwong, P. W. K.; Cheng, A. C. K.; Kwong, D. L. W.; Yau, C. C.; Wan, K. Y.; Au, G. K. Hk. Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Shielding the pituitary may improve therapeutic ratio. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 29:699-704; 1994.
50. Tannock, I.; Payne, D.; Cummings, B.; Hewitt, K.; Panzarella, T.; The Princess Margaret Hospital Head and Neck Cancer Group. Sequential chemotherapy and radiation for nasopharyngeal cancer: Absence of long-term benefit despite a high rate of tumor response to chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 5:629-634; 1987.
51. Teo, P. M. L.; Tsao, S. Y.; Ho, J. H. C.; Yu, P. A proposed modification of the Ho stage-classification for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother. Oncol. 21:11-23; 1991.
52. Teo, P.; Shiu, W.; Leung, S. F.; Lee, W. Y. Prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma investigated by computer tomography - An analysis of 659 patients. Radiother. Oncol. 23:79-93; 1992.
53. Teo, P.; Tsao, S. Y.; Shiu, W.; Leung, W. T.; Tsang, V.; Yu, P.; Lui, C. A clinical study of 407 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 17:515-530; 1989.
54. Van Andel, J. G.; Hop, W. C. J. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: A review of 86 cases. Clin. Radiol. 33:95-99; 1982.
55. Vikram, B.; Mishra, U. B.; Strong, E. W.; Manolatos, S. Patterns of failure in carcinoma of the nasopharynx: I. Failure at the primary site. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 11:1455-1459; 1985.
56. Yan, J.-H.; Qin, D.-X.; Hu, Y.-H.; Cai, W.-M.; Xu, G.-Z.; Wu, X.-L.; Li, S.-Y.; Gu, X.-Z. Management of local residual primary lesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): Are higher doses beneficial? Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 16:1465-1469; 1989.
57. Zhang, E.-P.; Lian, P.-G.; Cai, K.-L.; Chen, Y.-F.; Cai, M.-D.; Zheng, X.-F.; Guang, X.-X. Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Prognostic factors based on a 10-year follow-up of 1302 patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 16:301-305; 1989.