Neuroendocrine correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome: A brief review

Journal of Psychiatric Research

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 69-82

  Demitrack, Mark A ^a  

^a ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN;

ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ASTHENIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CLINICAL MEDICINE; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; HYPERCORTISOLISM; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MELANCHOLIA; MOOD; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROTONINERGIC NERVE CELL; STRESS; SYMPTOM;

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ADULT; FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; FEMALE; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MALE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; PROLACTIN;

EID: 0030913940     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3956(96)00059-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (76)

1. Bakheit, A. M., Behan, P. O., Dinan, T. G., Gray, C. E., & O'Keane, V. (1992). Possible upregulation of hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in patients with post-viral fatigue syndrome. BMJ, 304(6833), 1010-1012.
2. Bakheit, A. M., Behan, P. O., Watson, W. S., & Morton, J. J. (1993). Abnormal arginine vasopressin secretion and water metabolism in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand, 87(3), 234-238.
3. Barron, J. L., Noakes, T. D., Levy, W., Smith, C., & Millar, R. P. (1985). Hypothalamic dysfunction in overtrained atheletes. J Clin Endo Metab, 60(4), 803-806.
4. Beard, G. M. (1869). Neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion . Boston Med Surg J, 3(13), 217-221.
5. Beard, G. M. (1880). A practical treatise on nervous exhaustion (neurasthenia). Its symptoms, nature, sequences, treatment (2nd edition). New York: William Wood.
6. Beam, J., Allain, T., Coskeran, P., Munro, N., Butler, J., McGregor, A., & Wessely, S. (1985). Neuroendocrine responses to d-fenfluramine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biol Psychiatry, 37(4), 245-252.
7. Brown, M. R., Fisher, L. A., Spiess, J., Rivier, C., Rivier, J., & Vale, W. (1982). Corticotropin-releasing factor: actions on the sympathetic nervous system and metabolism. Endocrinology, 111, 928-931.
8. Buchwald, D., Goldenberg, D. L., Sullivan, J. L., & Komaroff, A. L. (1987). The "chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection" syndrome and primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum, 30(10), 1132-1136.
9. Buchwald, D., Cheney, P. R., Peterson, D. L., Henry, B., Wormsley, S. B., Geiger, A., Ablashi, D. V. M., Salahuddin, S. Z., Saxinger, C., Biddle, R., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., Folks, T., Balanchandran, N., Peter, J. B., Gallo, R. C., & Komaroff, A. L. (1992). A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpes virus type 6 infection. Ann Int Med, 116, 103-113.
10. Calgiuri, M., Murray, C., Buchwald, D., Levine, H., Cheney, P., Peterson, D., Komaroff, A. L. & Ritz, J. (1987). Phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Immunol., 139, 3306-3313.
11. Chao, C. C., Gallagher, M., Phair, J., & Peterson, P. K. (1990). Serum neopterin and interleukin-6 levels in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Inf Dis., 162, 1412-1413.
12. Chao, C. C., Janoff, E. N., Hu, S., Thomas, K., Gallagher, M., Tsang, M., & Peterson, P. K. (1991). Altered cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Cytokine, 3, 292-298.
13. Cheney, P. R., Dorman, S. E., & Bell, D. S. (1989). Interleukin-2 and the chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann Int Med, 110, 321.
14. Crofford, L. J., Pillemer, S. R., Kalogeras, K. T., Cash, J. M., Michelson, D., Kling, M. A., Sternberg, E. M., Gold, P. W., Chrousos, G. P., & Wilder, R. L. (1994). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum, 37(11), 1583-1592.
15. Carroll, B. J., Curtis, G. C., & Mendels, J. (1976). Neuroendocrine regulation in depression I. Limbic system-adrenocortical dysfunction 1976. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 33, 1039-1044.
16. Carroll, B. J., Feinberg, M., Greden, J. F., Tarika, J., Albala, A. A., Haskett, R. F., James, N. M., Kronfol, Z., Lohr, N., Steiner, M., de Vigne, J. P., & Young, E. (1981). A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia: standardization, validation, and clinical utility. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38(1), 15-22.
17. Cleare, A. J., Beam, J., Allain, T., MacGregor, A., Wessely, S., Murray, R. M., & O'Keane, V. (1995). Contrasting neuroendocrine responses in depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Aff Dis., 35, 283-289.
18. Cope, H., David, A., Pelosi, A., & Mann, A. (1994). Predictors of postviral fatigue. Lancet, 344, 864-868.
19. Demitrack, M. A., Dale, J. K., Straus, S. E., Laue, L., Listwak, S. J., Kruesi, M. J. P., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1991). Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endo Metab, 73(6), 1224-1234.
20. Demitrack, M. A. (1994). Neuroendocrine aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for diagnosis and research. In S. E. Straus (Ed.), Chronic fatigue syndrome. New York: Marcel Dekker.
21. DuBois, R. E., Seeley, J. K., Brus, I., Sakamoto, K., Ballow, M., Harada, S., Bechtold, T. A., Pearson, G., & Purtilo, D. T. (1984). Chronic mononucleosis syndrome. S Med J, 77(11), 1376-1382.
22. Ferraccioli, G., Cavalieri, F., Salaffi, F., Fontana, S., Scita, F., Nolli, M., & Maestri, D. (1990). Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibromyalgia (soft tissue chronic pain syndrome) and in other chronic rheumatic conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain). J Rheum, 19, 869-873.
23. Gilliam, A. G. (1938). Epidemiologic study of an epidemic, diagnosed as poliomyelitis, occurring among the personnel of the Los Angeles County General Hospital during the summer of 1934. Public Health Bull, 240, 1-90.
24. Gold, D., Bowden, R., Sixbey, J., Riggs, R., Katon, W. J., Ashley, R., Obrigewitch, R. M., & Corey, L. (1990). Chronic fatigue: a prospective clinical and virologie study. JAMA, 264(1), 48-53.
25. Goldenberg, D. L., Simms, R. W., Geiger, A., & Komaroff, A. L. (1990). High frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic fatigue seen in a primary care practice. Arthritis Rheum, 33(3), 381-387.
26. Griep, E. N., Boersma, J. W., & deKloet, E. R. (1993). Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheum, 20, 469-474.
27. Gupta, S., & Vayuvegula, B. A. (1991). Comprehensive immunological analysis in chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Immunol, 33, 319-327.
28. Harbuz, M. S., Rees, R. G., Eckland, D., Jessop, D. S., Brewerton, D., Lightman, S. L. (1988). Paradoxical responses of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and CRF-41 peptide and adenohypophysial proopiomelanocortin mRNA during chronic inflammatory stress. Endocrinology, 130(3), 1394-1400.
29. Hellinger, W. C., Smith, T. F., VanScoy, R. E., Spitzer, P. G., Forgacs, P., & Edson, R. S. (1988). Chronic fatigue syndrome and the diagnostic utility of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus early antigen. JAMA, 260(7), 971-973.
30. Hickie, I., Lloyd, A., Wakefield, D., & Parker, G. (1990). The psychiatric status of patients with chronic fatigue. Br J Psychiatry, 156, 534-540.
31. Holmes, G. P., Kaplan, J. E., Stewart, J. A., Hunt, B., Pinsky, P. F., & Schonberger, L. B. (1987). A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis-like syndrome: is Epstein-Barr virus the cause? JAMA, 257(17), 2297-2302.
32. Holmes, G. P., Kaplan, J. E., & Gantz, N. M. (1988). Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition. Ann Int Med, 108, 387-389.
33. Ho-Yen, D. O., Billington, R. W., & Urquhart, J. (1991). Natural killer cells and the post viral fatigue syndrome. Scand J Infect Dis, 23(6), 711-716.
34. Hudson, J. I., Pliner, L. F., Hudson, M. S., Goldenberg, D. L., & Melby, J. C. (1984). The dexamethasone suppression test in fibrositis. Biol Psychiatry, 19, 1489-1493.
35. Jones, J. F., Ray, G., Minnich, L. L., Hicks, M. J., Kibler, R., & Lucas, D. O. (1985). Evidence for active Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with persistent, unexplained illnesses: elevated anti-early antigen antibodies. Ann Int Med, 102(1), 1-7.
36. Katon, W., Buchwald, D., Simon, G., Russo, J., & Mease, P. (1991). Psychiatric illness in patients with chronic fatigue and rheumatoid arthritis. J Gen Int Med, 6, 277-285.
37. Kibler, R., Lucas, D. O., Hicks, M. J., Poulos, B. T., & Jones, J. F. (1985). Immune function in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Clin Immunol, 5, 46-54.
38. Klimas, N. G., Salvato, F. R., Morgan, R., & Fletcher, M. A. (1990). Immunological abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol, 28, 1403-1410.
39. Komaroff, A. L., & Buchwald, D. (1991). Symptoms and signs of chronic fatigue syndrome. Rev Inf Dis, 13, 8-11.
40. Kruesi, M. J. P., Dale, J. K., & Straus, S. E. (1989). Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry, 50, 53-56.
41. Landay, A. L., Jessop, C., Lennette, E. T., & Levy, J. A. (1991). Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation. Lancet, 338 8769, 707-712.
42. Leese, G., Chattington, P., Fraser, W., Vora, J., Edwards, R., & Williams, G. (1992). Short-term night-shift working mimics the pituitary-adrenocortical dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Clin Endo Metab., 81(5), 1867-1870.
43. Linde, A., Andersson, B., Svenson, S. B., Ahrne, H., Carlsson, M., Forsberg, P., Hugo, H., Karstorp, A., Lenkei, R., & Lindwall, A. (1992). Serum levels of lymphokines and soluble cellular receptors in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Infect Dis. 16596), 994-1000.
44. Lloyd, A. R., Wakefield, D., Boughton, C. R., & Dwyer, J. M. (1989). Immunological abnormalities in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Med J Austral, 151, 122-124.
45. Lloyd, A. R., Hickie, I., Brockman, A., Dwyer, J., & Wakefield, D. (1991). Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and control subjects. J Infection, 164, 1023-1024.
46. Lloyd, A. R., Hickie, I., Hickie, C., Dwyer, J., & Wakefield, D. (1992). Cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, healthy control subjects and patients with major depression. Clin Exp Immunol, 87(1), 76-79.
47. Manu, P., Matthews, D. A., Lane, T. J., Tennen, H., Hesselbrock, V., Mendola, R., & Affleck, G. (1989). Depression among patients with a chief complaint of chronic fatigue. J Aff Dis, 17, 165-172.
48. McCain, G. A., & Tube, K. S. (1989). Diurnal hormone variation in fibromyalgia syndrome: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol, 16, 154-157.
49. The Medical Staff of the Royal Free Hospital. (1957). An outbreak of Encephalomyelitis in the Royal Free Hospital Group, London, in 1955. Br Med J, 19, 1957, 895-904.
50. Ojo-Amaize, E. A., Conley, E. J., & Peter, J. B. (1994). Decreased natural killer cell activity is associated with severity of chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. Clin Inf Dis. 18, 157-159.
51. Patchev, V. K., Kalogeras, K. T., Zelazowski, P., Wilder, R. L., Chrousos. G. P. (1988) Increased plasma concentrations, hypothalamic content, and in vitro release of arginine vasopressin in inflammatory disease-prone hypothalamic corticotropin hormone-deficient Lewis rats. Endocrinology, 131(3), 1453-1457.
52. Pepper, C., Krupp, L., Friedberg, F., Doscher, C., & Coyle, P. (1993). A comparison of neuropsychiatric characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and major depression. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci, 5, 200-205.
53. Poteliakhoff, A. (1981). Adrenocortical activity and some clinical findings in acute and chronic fatigue. J Psychosom Res, 25, 91-95.
54. Sachar, E. J., Hellman, L., Roffwarg, H. P., Halpern, F. S., Fukush, D. K., & Gallagher, T. F. (1973). Disrupted 24 hour patterns of cortisol secretion in psychotic depressives. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 28, 19-24.
55. Schluederberg, A., Straus, S. E., Peterson, P., Blumenthal, S., Komaroff, A. L., Spring, S. B., Landay, A., & Buchwald, D. (1992). Chronic fatigue syndrome research: definition and medical outcome assessment. Ann Int Med., 117(4), 325-331.
56. Sharpe, M., Hawton, K., Seagroatt, V., & Pasvol, G. (1992). Follow-up of patients presenting with fatigue to an infectious diseases clinic. BMJ, 305, 147-152.
57. Sigurdsson, B., Sigurjonsson, J., Sigurdsson, J. H. J., Thorkelsson, J., & Gudmundsson, K. R. (1950). A disease epidemic in Iceland simulating poliomyelitis. Am J Hyg, 52, 222-238.
58. Sternberg, E. M., Hill, J. M., Chrousos, G. P., Kamilaris, T., Listwak, S. J., Gold, P. W., & Wilder, R. L. (1989). Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A., 86, 2374-2378.
59. Sternberg, E. M., Young, W. S. III, Bernardini, R., Calogero, A. E., Chrousos, G. P., Gold, P. W., Wilder, R. L. (1989) A central nervous system defect in biosynthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. Proc Nat! Acad Sci U.S.A., 86, 4771-4775.
60. Straus, S. E., Tosato, G., Armstrong, G., Lawley, T., Preble, O. T., Henle, W., Davey, R., Pearson, G., Epstein, J., & Brus, I. (1985). Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Ann Int Med, 102(1), 7-16.
61. Straus, S. E., Dale, J. K., Peter, J. B., & Dinarello, C. A. (1989). Circulating lymphokine levels in the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Infect Dis, 160, 1085-1086.
62. Straus, S. E., Fritz, S., Dale, J., Gould, B., & Strober, W. (1993). Lymphocyte phenotype analysis suggests chronic immune stimulation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol, 13(1), 30-40.
63. Sumaya, C. V. (1991). Serologic and virologie epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus: relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome. Rev Inf Dis, 13, 19-25.
64. Swain, M. G., Patchev, V., Vergalia, J., Chrousos, G., & Anthony-Jones, E. (1993). Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to stress in a rat model of acute cholestasis. J Clin Invest, 91, 1903-1908.
65. Swain, M. G., Marie, M. (1995). Defective corticotropin-releasing hormone mediated neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in cholestatic rats: implications for cholestatic liver disease-related sickness behaviors. Hepatology, 22(5), 1560-1564.
66. Sutton, R. E., Koob, G. F., LeMoal, M., Rivier, J., & Vale, W. (1982). Corticotropin-releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats. Nature, 297, 331-333.
67. Swerdlow, N. R., Geyer, M. A., Vale, W. W., & Koob, G. F. (1986). Corticotropin-releasing factor potentiates acoustic startle in rats: blockade by chlordiazepoxide. Psychopharmacology, 88, 147-152.
68. Tobi, M., Morag, A., Ravid, Z., Showers, I., Feldman-Weiss, V., Michaeli, Y., Ben-Chetrit, E., Shalit, M., & Knobler, H. (1982). Prolonged atypical illness associated with serological evidence of persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection. Lancet, 9, 61-64.
69. Tosato, G., Straus, S. E., Henle, W., Pike, S. E., & Blaese, R. M. (1985). Characteristic T cell dysfunction in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (chronic infectious mononucleosis). J Immunol, 134, 3082-3088.
70. van Denderen, J. C., Boersma, J. W., Zeinstra, P., Hollander, A. P., & van Neerbos, B. R. (1992). Physiological effects of exhaustive physical exercise in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS): is PFS a disorder of neuroendocrine reactivity? Scand J Rheumatol, 21, 35-37.
71. Wechsler, I. S. (1930). Is neurasthenia an organic disease? Medical Rev of Revs, 36, 115-121.
72. Wessely, S., & Powell, R. (1989). Fatigue syndromes: a comparison of chronic "postviral" fatigue with neuromuscular and affective disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 940-948.
73. Wilson, A., Hickie, I., Lloyd, A., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Boughton, C., Dwyer, J., & Wakefield, D. (1994). Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ, 308, 756-759.
74. Wolfe, F., Smythe, H. A., Yunus, M. B., Bennett, R. M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D. L., Tugwell, P., Campbell, S. M., Abeles, M., Clark, P., Fam, A. G., Farber, S. J., Fiechtner, J. J., Franklin, C. M., Gatter, R. A., Hamaty, D., Lessard, J., Lichtbroun, A. S., Masi, A. T., McCain, G. A., Reynolds, W. J., Romano, T. J., Russell, I. J., & Sheon, R. P. (1990). The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum, 33(2), 160-172.
75. Yatham, L. N., Morehouse, R. L., Chisholm, B. T., Haase, D. A., MacDonald, D. D., & Marrie, T. J. (1995). Neuroendocrine assessment of serotonin (5-HT) function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Can J Psychiatry, 40(2), 93-96.
76. Yehuda, R., Southwick, S. M., Krystal, J. H., Bremner, D., Charney, D. S., & Mason, J. W. (1993). Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 150(1), 83-86.