Transcranial cytokine gradients in patients requiring intensive care after acute brain injury

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 78, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 520-523

  Mckeating, E G ^a   Andrews, P J D ^a   Signorini, D F ^a   Mascia, L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Brain, injury; Intensive care; Polypeptides, cytokines

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTERIAL BLOOD; ARTICLE; BRAIN CELL; BRAIN INJURY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INTENSIVE CARE; JUGULAR VEIN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE;

EID: 0030913037     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/78.5.520     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bellanti JA, Kadlec JV, Escobar Gutierrez A. Cytokines and the immune response. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1994; 41: 597-621.
2. Damas P, Ledoux D, Nys M, Vrindts Y, De Groote D, Franchimont P, Lamy M. Cytokine serum level during severe sepsis in human IL-6 as a marker of severity. Annals of Surgery 1992; 215: 356-362.
3. Donnelly SC, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Walz A, Robertson CR, Carter DC, Grant IS, Pollok AJ, Haslett C. Interleukin-8 and development of adult respiratory distress syndrome in at-risk patient groups. Lancet 1993; 341: 643-647.
4. Foex BA, Lamb WR, Roberts TE, Brear SG, Macartney I, Hammer M, Brenchley PEC. Early cytokine response to multiple injury. Injury 1993; 24: 373-376.
5. Maruo N, Morita I, Shirao M, Murota S. IL-6 increases endothelial permeability in vitro. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 710-714.
6. Yamasaki Y, Suzuki T, Yamaya H, Matsuura N, Onodera H, Kogure K. Possible involvement of interleukin-1 in ischemic brain edema formation. Neuroscience Letters 1992; 142: 45-47.
7. Goodman JC, Robertson CS, Grossman RG, Narayan RK. Elevation of tumour necrosis factor in head injury. Journal of Neuroimmunology 1990; 30: 213-217.
8. McClain C, Cohen D, Phillips R, Ott L, Young B. Increased plasma and ventricular fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with head injury. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1991; 118: 225-231.
9. McClain CJ, Cohen D, Ott L, Dinarello CA, Young B. Ventricular fluid interleukin-1 activity in patients with head injury. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1987; 110: 48-54.
10. Hariri RJ, Chang VA, Barie PS, Wang RS, Sharif SF, Ghajar JB. Traumatic injury induces interleukin-6 production by human astrocytes. Brain Research 1994; 636: 139-142.
11. Woodroofe MN, Sarna GS, Wadhwa M, Hayes GM, Loughlin AJ, Tinker A, Cuzner ML. Detection of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in adult rat brain, following mechanical injury, by in vivo microdialysis: evidence of a role for microglia in cytokine production. Journal of Neuroimmunology 1991; 33: 227-236.
12. Ott L, McClain CJ, Gillespie M, Young B. Cytokines and metabolic dysfunction after severe head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 1994; 11: 447-472.
13. Paramore CG, Turner DA. Relative risks of ventriculostomy infection and morbidity. Acta Neurochirurgica 1994; 127: 79-84.
14. Lam JMK, Chan MSY, Poon WS. Cerebral venous oxygen saturation monitoring: Is dominant jugular bulb cannulation good enough? British Journal of Neurosurgery 1996; 10: 357-364.
15. Andrews PJ, Dearden NM, Miller JD. Jugular bulb cannulation: description of a cannulation technique and validation of a new continuous monitor. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1991; 67: 553-558.
16. Souter MJ, Andrews PJD. Validation of the Edslab dual lumen oximetry catheter for continuous monitoring of jugular bulb oxygen saturation after severe head injury. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1996; 76: 744-746.
17. Shohami E, Novikov M, Bass R, Yamin A, Gallily R. Closed head injury triggers early production of TNF alpha and IL-6 by brain tissue. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1994; 14: 615-619.
18. Taupin V, Toulmond S, Serrano A, Benavides J, Zavala F. Increase in IL-6, IL-1 and TNF levels in rat brain following traumatic lesion. Influence of pre- and post-traumatic treatment with Ro5 4864, a peripheral-type (p site) benzodiazepine ligand. Journal of Neuroimmunology 1993; 42: 177-185.
19. Hofman FM, Hinton DR. Cytokine interactions in the central nervous system. Regional Immunology 1990; 3: 268-278.
20. Patel RT, Deen KI, Youngs D, Warwick J, Keighley MRB. Interleukin 6 is a prognostic indicator of outcome in severe intra-abdominal sepsis. British Journal of Surgery 1994; 81: 1306-1308.
21. Pinsky MR, Vincent JL, Deviere J, Alegre M, Kahn RJ, Dupont E. Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock; Relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality. Chest 1993; 103: 565-575.
22. Meduri GU, Headley S, Kohler G, Stentz F, Tolley E, Umberger R, Leeper K. Persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines predicts a poor outcome in ARDS: Plasma IL-1beta and IL-6 levels are consistent and efficient predictors of outcome over time. Chest 1995; 107: 1062-1073.
23. Graham DI, Ford I, Adams JH, Doyle D, Teasdale GM, Lawrence AE, McLellan DR. Ischaemic brain damage is still common in fatal non-missile head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1989; 52: 346-350.
24. Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EHS, Palazzo M, Hinds CJ, Watson D. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. New England Journal of Medicine 1994; 330: 1717-1722.
25. Ronco JJ, Fenwick JC, Tweeddale MG. Does increasing oxygen delivery improve outcome in the critically ill? No. Critical Care Clinics 1996; 12: 645-659.