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To date only one total synthesis of tetrodotoxin in racemic form has been accomplished: (a) Kishi, Y.; Aratani, M.; Fukuyama, T.; Nakatsubo, F.; Goto, T.; Inoue, S.; Tanino, H.; Sugiure, S.; Kakoi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9217; ibid, 1972, 94, 9219. For the main attempts to develop a total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure toxin, see the following articles and the references cited therein.
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To date only one total synthesis of tetrodotoxin in racemic form has been accomplished: (a) Kishi, Y.; Aratani, M.; Fukuyama, T.; Nakatsubo, F.; Goto, T.; Inoue, S.; Tanino, H.; Sugiure, S.; Kakoi, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9217; ibid, 1972, 94, 9219. For the main attempts to develop a total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure toxin, see the following articles and the references cited therein.
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(a) There has recently been an upsurge of interest in 1,6-anhydropyranoses, judging from the number of articles dealing with new methods for their synthesis. See, for example, Léger, S.; Omeara, J.; Wang, Z. Synlett. 1994, 829. Sharma, G. V. M.; Ramanaiah, K. C. V.; Krishnudu, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1905. Lauer, G.; Oberdorfer, F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 272. Czernecki, S.; Leteux, C.; Veryrières, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 221.
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(a) There has recently been an upsurge of interest in 1,6-anhydropyranoses, judging from the number of articles dealing with new methods for their synthesis. See, for example, Léger, S.; Omeara, J.; Wang, Z. Synlett. 1994, 829. Sharma, G. V. M.; Ramanaiah, K. C. V.; Krishnudu, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1905. Lauer, G.; Oberdorfer, F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 272. Czernecki, S.; Leteux, C.; Veryrières, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 221.
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(a) There has recently been an upsurge of interest in 1,6-anhydropyranoses, judging from the number of articles dealing with new methods for their synthesis. See, for example, Léger, S.; Omeara, J.; Wang, Z. Synlett. 1994, 829. Sharma, G. V. M.; Ramanaiah, K. C. V.; Krishnudu, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1905. Lauer, G.; Oberdorfer, F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 272. Czernecki, S.; Leteux, C.; Veryrières, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 221.
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Although the 1,5-exo cyclization of α-bromoesters was once considered an inferior method of preparation of γ-lactones, it has recently been shown to be a useful method when carried out at high temperature and/or using a low concentration of tin hydride, (a) Curran, D. P.; Tamine, J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2746.
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0342599515
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note
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Our experience of the formation and reactivity of C2 esters and acetals of 1,6-anhydro-mannopyranoses suggests that some of them are especially prone to cleavage.
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41
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33845373649
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Stork, G.; Sher, P. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 303 and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6765. See also Ueno, Y.; Chino, K.; Watanabe, M.; Moriya, O.; Okawara, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5564.
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Stork, G.; Sher, P. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 303 and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6765. See also Ueno, Y.; Chino, K.; Watanabe, M.; Moriya, O.; Okawara, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5564.
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44
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0342599513
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3SnH and AIBN.
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45
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0342599512
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See, for example Curran, D. P. Synthesis 1988, 428-430 and references cited therein.
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