메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 903-917

Multiple mechanisms of ketamine blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors

Author keywords

Anesthetic; Blockade; Ion channel; Ketamine; N methyl D aspartate

Indexed keywords

KETAMINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 0030907708     PISSN: 00033022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199704000-00021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (284)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 0023091647 scopus 로고
    • Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurones
    • Johnson JW, Ascher P: Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurones. Nature 1987; 325:522-5
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 522-525
    • Johnson, J.W.1    Ascher, P.2
  • 3
    • 0027461218 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of NMDA channels in cultured hippocampal neurons by intracellular calcium
    • Legcndre P, Rosenmund C, Westbrook GL: Inactivation of NMDA channels in cultured hippocampal neurons by intracellular calcium. J Neurosci 1993; 13:674-84
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 674-684
    • Legcndre, P.1    Rosenmund, C.2    Westbrook, G.L.3
  • 4
    • 0029149614 scopus 로고
    • G-protein modulation of glycine-resistant N.MDA receptor desensitization in rat cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Turecck R, Vylicky L, Vlachova V, Vylicky L, G-protein modulation of glycine-resistant N.MDA receptor desensitization in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. EurJ Neurosci 1995; 7:1826-30
    • (1995) EurJ Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1826-1830
    • Turecck, R.1    Vylicky, L.2    Vlachova, V.3    Vylicky, L.4
  • 5
    • 0028179069 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor structure and function
    • McBain CJ, Mayer ML: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor structure and function. Physiol Rev 1994; 74:723-60
    • (1994) Physiol Rev , vol.74 , pp. 723-760
    • McBain, C.J.1    Mayer, M.L.2
  • 6
    • 0028762647 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurological disorders
    • Lipton SA, Rosenberg PA: Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurological disorders. N EngI J Med 1994; 330:613-22
    • (1994) N EngI J Med , vol.330 , pp. 613-622
    • Lipton, S.A.1    Rosenberg, P.A.2
  • 8
    • 0023684229 scopus 로고
    • Sites of antagonist action on N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptors studied using fluctuation analysis and a rapid perfusion technique
    • Mayer ML, Westbrook GL, Vyklicky L: Sites of antagonist action on N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptors studied using fluctuation analysis and a rapid perfusion technique. J Neurophysiol 1988; 60:645-63
    • (1988) J Neurophysiol , vol.60 , pp. 645-663
    • Mayer, M.L.1    Westbrook, G.L.2    Vyklicky, L.3
  • 9
    • 0026446397 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced anesthesia involves the N-methyl-D-aspartate-channel complex in mice
    • Irfune M, Shimizu, Nomoto M, Fukuda T: Ketamine-induced anesthesia involves the N-methyl-D-aspartate-channel complex in mice. Brain Res 1992; 596:1-9
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.596 , pp. 1-9
    • Irfune, M.1    Shimizu2    Nomoto, M.3    Fukuda, T.4
  • 10
    • 0024517165 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine: An update on the first twentyfive years of clinical experience
    • Reich D, Silvay G: Ketamine: An update on the first twentyfive years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 1989; 36:186-97
    • (1989) Can J Anaesth , vol.36 , pp. 186-197
    • Reich, D.1    Silvay, G.2
  • 11
    • 0022393628 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine and phencyclidine causes a voltage-dependent block of responses to L-aspartic acid
    • Honey CR, Miljkovic Z, MacDonald JF: Ketamine and phencyclidine causes a voltage-dependent block of responses to L-aspartic acid. Neurosci Lett 1985; 61:135-9
    • (1985) Neurosci Lett , vol.61 , pp. 135-139
    • Honey, C.R.1    Miljkovic, Z.2    MacDonald, J.F.3
  • 12
    • 0023232903 scopus 로고
    • Use-dependent block of excitatory amino acid currents in cultured neurones by ketamine
    • MacDonald JF, Miljkovic Z, Pennefather P: Use-dependent block of excitatory amino acid currents in cultured neurones by ketamine. J Neurosci 1987; 58:251-66
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.58 , pp. 251-266
    • MacDonald, J.F.1    Miljkovic, Z.2    Pennefather, P.3
  • 13
    • 0001249750 scopus 로고
    • Block of N-methyl-D-asparate-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: Selective binding to open channels
    • Huettner J, Iiean DP: Block of N-methyl-D-asparate-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: Selective binding to open channels. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1988; 85:1301-11
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sei USA , vol.85 , pp. 1301-1311
    • Huettner, J.1    Iiean, D.P.2
  • 14
    • 0020629581 scopus 로고
    • The dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, selectively reduce excitation of central mammaliari neurons by N-methyl-aspartate
    • Anis NS, Berry SC, Burton NR, Lodge D: The dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, selectively reduce excitation of central mammaliari neurons by N-methyl-aspartate. Br J Pharmacol 1983; 79:565-75
    • (1983) Br J Pharmacol , vol.79 , pp. 565-575
    • Anis, N.S.1    Berry, S.C.2    Burton, N.R.3    Lodge, D.4
  • 15
    • 0027731677 scopus 로고
    • Patch clamp studies on the kinetics and selectivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism by memantine (l-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantan)
    • Parsons CG, Gruner R, Rozental J, MillarJ, Lodge D: Patch clamp studies on the kinetics and selectivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism by memantine (l-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantan). Neuropharmacology 1993; 32:1337-50
    • (1993) Neuropharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 1337-1350
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Gruner, R.2    Rozental, J.3    MillarJ4    Lodge, D.5
  • 16
    • 0019968013 scopus 로고
    • Modification of dose-response curves by effector blockade and uncompetitive antagonism
    • Pennefather P, Quastel DMJ: Modification of dose-response curves by effector blockade and uncompetitive antagonism. Mol Pharmacol 1992; 22:369-80
    • (1992) Mol Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 369-380
    • Pennefather, P.1    Quastel, D.M.J.2
  • 17
    • 0023764004 scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine and some of its analogues have distinct effects on NMDA receptors of rat hippocampal neurons
    • Ramoa AS, Albuquerque EX: Phencyclidine and some of its analogues have distinct effects on NMDA receptors of rat hippocampal neurons. FEES Lett 1988; 235:156-62
    • (1988) FEES Lett , vol.235 , pp. 156-162
    • Ramoa, A.S.1    Albuquerque, E.X.2
  • 18
    • 0017104508 scopus 로고
    • Drug blockade of open end-plate channels
    • Adams PR: Drug blockade of open end-plate channels. J Physiol 1976; 260:531-52
    • (1976) J Physiol , vol.260 , pp. 531-552
    • Adams, P.R.1
  • 19
    • 0025220595 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors channels
    • MacDonald JF, Novak LM: Mechanisms of blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors channels. Trends Pharmacol Sei 1990; 11:167-72
    • (1990) Trends Pharmacol Sei , vol.11 , pp. 167-172
    • MacDonald, J.F.1    Novak, L.M.2
  • 20
    • 0017332486 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthetics: Hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction
    • Hille B: Local anaesthetics: Hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction. J Gen Physiol 1977; 69:497-515
    • (1977) J Gen Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 497-515
    • Hille, B.1
  • 21
    • 0024528981 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of desensitization of quisqualate-type glutamate receptors by the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine
    • Ashford MLJ, Boden P, Ramsey RL, Usherwood PNR: Enhancement of desensitization of quisqualate-type glutamate receptors by the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine. J Exp Biol 1989; 141:73-86
    • (1989) J Exp Biol , vol.141 , pp. 73-86
    • Ashford, M.L.J.1    Boden, P.2    Ramsey, R.L.3    Pnr, U.4
  • 22
    • 0022522864 scopus 로고
    • Voltage- And timedependent effects of phencyclidines on the endplate current arise from open and closed channel blockade
    • Aguayo LG, Witkop B, Albuquerque EX: Voltage- and timedependent effects of phencyclidines on the endplate current arise from open and closed channel blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1986; 83:3523-7
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sei USA , vol.83 , pp. 3523-3527
    • Aguayo, L.G.1    Witkop, B.2    Albuquerque, E.X.3
  • 23
    • 0026755738 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine ion channel in the presence of intravenous anaesthetics and induction agents
    • Wachtel RE, Wegrzynowicz ES: Kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine ion channel in the presence of intravenous anaesthetics and induction agents. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 106:623-7
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.106 , pp. 623-627
    • Wachtel, R.E.1    Wegrzynowicz, E.S.2
  • 24
    • 0028979826 scopus 로고
    • Molecular design of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding site for phencyclidine and dizolcipine
    • Ferrer-Montiel AV, Sun W, Montai M: Molecular design of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding site for phencyclidine and dizolcipine. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1995; 92:8021-5
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sei USA , vol.92 , pp. 8021-8025
    • Ferrer-Montiel, A.V.1    Sun, W.2    Montai, M.3
  • 25
    • 33744895743 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of NMDA receptors revealed by intracellular dialysis
    • MacDonald JF, Mody I, Salter MW: Regulation of NMDA receptors revealed by intracellular dialysis. J Physiol 1986; 414:17-23
    • (1986) J Physiol , vol.414 , pp. 17-23
    • MacDonald, J.F.1    Mody, I.2    Salter, M.W.3
  • 26
    • 0027965033 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of glycine-insensitive desensitization of the NMDA receptor in outside-out patches
    • Tong G, Jahr C: Regulation of glycine-insensitive desensitization of the NMDA receptor in outside-out patches. J Neurophysiol 1994; 72:754-61
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 754-761
    • Tong, G.1    Jahr, C.2
  • 28
    • 0027128970 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic distributions of the apparent open times and shut times in a single channel record allowing for omission of brief events
    • Hawkes AG, Jalali A, Colquhoun D: Asymptotic distributions of the apparent open times and shut times in a single channel record allowing for omission of brief events. Phil Trans R Soc Lond [Diol] 1992; 337:383-404
    • (1992) Phil Trans R Soc Lond [Diol] , vol.337 , pp. 383-404
    • Hawkes, A.G.1    Jalali, A.2    Colquhoun, D.3
  • 30
    • 0026548237 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of ketamine enantiomers on NMDA receptor currents in cultured neurons
    • Zeilhofer HU, Swandulla D, Geisslinger G, Brune K: Differential effects of ketamine enantiomers on NMDA receptor currents in cultured neurons. EurJ Pharmacol 1992; 213:155-8
    • (1992) EurJ Pharmacol , vol.213 , pp. 155-158
    • Zeilhofer, H.U.1    Swandulla, D.2    Geisslinger, G.3    Brune, K.4
  • 31
    • 0018898475 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of ketamine isomers in surgical patients
    • White PF, Ham J, Way WL, Trevor AJ: Pharmacology of ketamine isomers in surgical patients. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1980; 52:231-9
    • (1980) ANESTHESIOLOGY , vol.52 , pp. 231-239
    • White, P.F.1    Ham, J.2    Way, W.L.3    Trevor, A.J.4
  • 33
    • 0028885626 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the potency, kinetics and voltage-dependency of a series of uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists in vitro with anticonvulsive and motor impairment activity in vivo
    • Parsons GC, Quack G, Bresink I, Baran L, Przeganlinski E, Kostowski W, Krzascik P, Hartmann S, Danysz W: Comparison of the potency, kinetics and voltage-dependency of a series of uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists in vitro with anticonvulsive and motor impairment activity in vivo. Neuropharmacology 1995; 34:1239-58
    • (1995) Neuropharmacology , vol.34 , pp. 1239-1258
    • Parsons, G.C.1    Quack, G.2    Bresink, I.3    Baran, L.4    Przeganlinski, E.5    Kostowski, W.6    Krzascik, P.7    Hartmann, S.8    Danysz, W.9
  • 34
    • 0016062602 scopus 로고
    • On the cerebral accumulation of ketamine and the relationship between metabolism of the drug and its pharmacological effects
    • Cohen ML, Trevor AJ: On the cerebral accumulation of ketamine and the relationship between metabolism of the drug and its pharmacological effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1974; 189:351-8
    • (1974) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.189 , pp. 351-358
    • Cohen, M.L.1    Trevor, A.J.2
  • 35
    • 0025279559 scopus 로고
    • Excision of membrane patches reduces the mean open time of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Covarnibias M, Steinbach JH: Excision of membrane patches reduces the mean open time of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Pflugers Arch 1990; 416:385-92
    • (1990) Pflugers Arch , vol.416 , pp. 385-392
    • Covarnibias, M.1    Steinbach, J.H.2
  • 36
    • 0027507683 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of single channel properties of the N-methyl-D-asparate ion channel on sterioisomer agonist
    • McLaron JG, Sawyer D: Dependence of single channel properties of the N-methyl-D-asparate ion channel on sterioisomer agonist. Exp Brain Res 1993; 95:8- 14
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.95 , pp. 8-14
    • McLaron, J.G.1    Sawyer, D.2
  • 37
    • 0025035536 scopus 로고
    • Single channel properties of the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor channel using NMDA and NMDA agonists
    • McLaron JG, Curry K: Single channel properties of the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor channel using NMDA and NMDA agonists. Exp Brain Res 1990; 82:82-8
    • (1990) Exp Brain Res , vol.82 , pp. 82-88
    • McLaron, J.G.1    Curry, K.2
  • 38
    • 0024601948 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol potentiates and block NMDA-activated single-channel currents in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells
    • Lima-Landman MTR, Albuquerque EX: Ethanol potentiates and block NMDA-activated single-channel currents in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells. FEES Lett 1989; 247:61-7
    • (1989) FEES Lett , vol.247 , pp. 61-67
    • Lima-Landman, M.T.R.1    Albuquerque, E.X.2
  • 39
    • 0027526363 scopus 로고
    • Whole cell and single channel analysis of the kinetics of glycine-sensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor desensitization
    • Parsons CG, Zong X, Lux HD: Whole cell and single channel analysis of the kinetics of glycine-sensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor desensitization. BrJ Pharmacol 1993; 109:213-21
    • (1993) BrJ Pharmacol , vol.109 , pp. 213-221
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Zong, X.2    Lux, H.D.3
  • 40
    • 0028303993 scopus 로고
    • Single channel properties of cloned NMDA receptors in human cell line: Comparison with results from Xcnopus oocytes
    • Stern P, Cik M, Colquhoun D, Stephenson FA: Single channel properties of cloned NMDA receptors in human cell line: Comparison with results from Xcnopus oocytes. J Physiol 1994; 476:391 -7
    • (1994) J Physiol , vol.476 , pp. 391-397
    • Stern, P.1    Cik, M.2    Colquhoun, D.3    Stephenson, F.A.4
  • 41
    • 0026660227 scopus 로고
    • Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by L-glutamate in cells dissociated from adult rat hippocampus
    • Gibb AJ, Colqunoun D: Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by L-glutamate in cells dissociated from adult rat hippocampus. J Physiol 1992; 456:143-79
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.456 , pp. 143-179
    • Gibb, A.J.1    Colqunoun, D.2
  • 42
    • 0025082936 scopus 로고
    • A kinetic analysis of the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors by glycine in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Benveniste M, Clements J, Vyklicky L, Mayer ML: A kinetic analysis of the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors by glycine in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons. J Physiol 1990; 428:333-7
    • (1990) J Physiol , vol.428 , pp. 333-337
    • Benveniste, M.1    Clements, J.2    Vyklicky, L.3    Mayer, M.L.4
  • 43
    • 0028297690 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative description of NMDA receptor-channel kinetic behavior
    • Lin F, Stevens CF: A quantitative description of NMDA receptor-channel kinetic behavior. J Neurosci 1994; 14:2153-60
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 2153-2160
    • Lin, F.1    Stevens, C.F.2
  • 44
    • 0028801262 scopus 로고
    • Desensitization of N-methyl-Daspartate receptors: A problem of interpretation
    • Colquhoun D, Hawkes AG: Desensitization of N-methyl-Daspartate receptors: A problem of interpretation. Proc Natl Acad USA 1995; 92:10327-9
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad USA , vol.92 , pp. 10327-10329
    • Colquhoun, D.1    Hawkes, A.G.2
  • 45
    • 0027340604 scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine receptor binding as a probe of NMDA receptor functioning: Implications for drug abuse research
    • Zukin SR, Javitt DC: Phencyclidine receptor binding as a probe of NMDA receptor functioning: Implications for drug abuse research. N1DA Res Monogr 1993; 133:1-12
    • (1993) N1DA Res Monogr , vol.133 , pp. 1-12
    • Zukin, S.R.1    Javitt, D.C.2
  • 46
    • 0024477121 scopus 로고
    • Biexponential kinetics of [3]MK-801 binding: Evidence for access to closed and open N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels
    • Javitt DC, Zukin SR: Biexponential kinetics of [3]MK-801 binding: Evidence for access to closed and open N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels. Mol Pharmacol 1989; 35:387-93
    • (1989) Mol Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 387-393
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Zukin, S.R.2
  • 47
    • 0025298760 scopus 로고
    • Rat brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors require multiple molecules of agonist for activation
    • Javitt DC, Frusciante J, Zukin SR: Rat brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors require multiple molecules of agonist for activation. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 37:603-7
    • (1990) Mol Pharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 603-607
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Frusciante, J.2    Zukin, S.R.3
  • 48
    • 33744858713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine and its stereoisomers block the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of mouse myotubules
    • Scheller M, Bufler J, Schneck HJ, Franke C, Kochs E: Ketamine and its stereoisomers block the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of mouse myotubules. Anesth Analag 1996; 82:5396
    • (1996) Anesth Analag , vol.82 , pp. 5396
    • Scheller, M.1    Bufler, J.2    Schneck, H.J.3    Franke, C.4    Kochs, E.5
  • 49
    • 0023879591 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine decreases the open time of single-channel currents activated by acetylcholine
    • Wachtel RE: Ketamine decreases the open time of single-channel currents activated by acetylcholine. ANESTIIESIOLOGY 1988; 68:563-70
    • (1988) ANESTIIESIOLOGY , vol.68 , pp. 563-570
    • Wachtel, R.E.1
  • 50
    • 0020621092 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sites of action for noncompetitive blockers on acetylcholine receptor rich membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata
    • Heidmann T, Oswald RE, Changeux JP: Multiple sites of action for noncompetitive blockers on acetylcholine receptor rich membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata. Biochemistry 1983; 22:3112-27
    • (1983) Biochemistry , vol.22 , pp. 3112-3127
    • Heidmann, T.1    Oswald, R.E.2    Changeux, J.P.3
  • 51
    • 0024453678 scopus 로고
    • Molecular sites of anesthetic action in postsynaptic nicotinic membranes
    • Forman SA, Miller K: Molecular sites of anesthetic action in postsynaptic nicotinic membranes. Trends Pharmacol Sei 1989; 10:447-52
    • (1989) Trends Pharmacol Sei , vol.10 , pp. 447-452
    • Forman, S.A.1    Miller, K.2
  • 52
    • 0024328738 scopus 로고
    • Distance between the agonist and noncompetitive inhibitor sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
    • Hertz JM, Johnson DA, Taylor P: Distance between the agonist and noncompetitive inhibitor sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Biochem Chem 1989; 264:12439-48
    • (1989) J Biochem Chem , vol.264 , pp. 12439-12448
    • Hertz, J.M.1    Johnson, D.A.2    Taylor, P.3
  • 53
    • 0027176820 scopus 로고
    • Different sensitivities of NMDA receptor channel subtypes to non-competitive antagonists
    • Yamakura T, Mori H, Masaki H, Shimoji K, Mishina M: Different sensitivities of NMDA receptor channel subtypes to non-competitive antagonists. NeuroReport 1993; 4:687-90
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , pp. 687-690
    • Yamakura, T.1    Mori, H.2    Masaki, H.3    Shimoji, K.4    Mishina, M.5
  • 56
    • 0025263891 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of local anesthetics: A review
    • Butterworth JF, Strichartz GR: Molecular mechanisms of local anesthetics: A review. ANESTIIESIOLOGY 1990; 72:711-34
    • (1990) ANESTIIESIOLOGY , vol.72 , pp. 711-734
    • Butterworth, J.F.1    Strichartz, G.R.2
  • 57
    • 0025270170 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of phencyclidine: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic potential
    • Johnson KM, Jones SM: Neuropharmacology of phencyclidine: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 30:707-50
    • (1990) Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 707-750
    • Johnson, K.M.1    Jones, S.M.2
  • 59
    • 0018898475 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of ketamine isomere in surgical patients
    • White PF, Ham J, Way WL, Trevor AJ: Pharmacology of ketamine isomere in surgical patients. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1980; 52:231-9
    • (1980) ANESTHESIOLOGY , vol.52 , pp. 231-239
    • White, P.F.1    Ham, J.2    Way, W.L.3    Trevor, A.J.4
  • 62
    • 0026009847 scopus 로고
    • Plasma binding and limitation of drug access to site of action
    • Wood M: Plasma binding and limitation of drug access to site of action. ANESTIIESIOLOGY 1991; 75:721-3
    • (1991) ANESTIIESIOLOGY , vol.75 , pp. 721-723
    • Wood, M.1
  • 63
    • 0015902517 scopus 로고
    • Distribution in the brain and metabolism of ketamine in the rat after intravenous administration
    • Cohen ML, Chan SL, Way WL, Trevor AJ: Distribution in the brain and metabolism of ketamine in the rat after intravenous administration. ANESTIIESIOLOGY 1973; 39:370-6
    • (1973) ANESTIIESIOLOGY , vol.39 , pp. 370-376
    • Cohen, M.L.1    Chan, S.L.2    Way, W.L.3    Trevor, A.J.4
  • 65
    • 0029085113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantime in man
    • Kronhuber J, Quack G: Cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantime in man. Neurosci Lett; 195:137-9
    • Neurosci Lett , vol.195 , pp. 137-139
    • Kronhuber, J.1    Quack, G.2
  • 66
    • 0027191406 scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol interacts with the strychnine-insensitive glycine site at the NMDA receptor in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones
    • Fletcher JE, MacDonald JF: Haloperidol interacts with the strychnine-insensitive glycine site at the NMDA receptor in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones. EurJ Pharmacol 1993; 235:291-5
    • (1993) EurJ Pharmacol , vol.235 , pp. 291-295
    • Fletcher, J.E.1    MacDonald, J.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.