메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 149-167

Emerging class III antiarrhythmic agents: Mechanism of action and proarrhythmic potential

Author keywords

Class III antiarrhythmic agents; Delayed rectifier potassium channel; Use dependence

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; SOTALOL;

EID: 0030905460     PISSN: 09203206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007784814823     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 0024687706 scopus 로고
    • Sudden cardiac death: Etiologies, pathologies, and treatment
    • Kremers MS, Black WH, Wells PJ. Sudden cardiac death: Etiologies, pathologies, and treatment. Dis Month 1989; 35:391-445.
    • (1989) Dis Month , vol.35 , pp. 391-445
    • Kremers, M.S.1    Black, W.H.2    Wells, P.J.3
  • 2
    • 0025072355 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in prolonging survival in patients with severe underlying cardiac disease
    • Fogoros R, Elson JJ, Bonnet CA, Fiedler SB, Burkholder JA. Efficacy of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in prolonging survival in patients with severe underlying cardiac disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:381-386.
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.16 , pp. 381-386
    • Fogoros, R.1    Elson, J.J.2    Bonnet, C.A.3    Fiedler, S.B.4    Burkholder, J.A.5
  • 3
    • 0027254643 scopus 로고
    • Influence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators on the long-term prognosis of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Powell AC, Fuchs T, Finkelstein DM, et al. Influence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators on the long-term prognosis of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 1993;88:1083-1092.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1083-1092
    • Powell, A.C.1    Fuchs, T.2    Finkelstein, D.M.3
  • 4
    • 0026011647 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo
    • Echt DS, Lievson PR, Mitchell B, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-788.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 781-788
    • Echt, D.S.1    Lievson, P.R.2    Mitchell, B.3
  • 5
    • 0026752875 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction
    • The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:227-233.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 227-233
  • 6
    • 0027179547 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holter monitoring to predict antiarrhythmie-drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias
    • Mason JW. A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holter monitoring to predict antiarrhythmie-drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 445-451.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 445-451
    • Mason, J.W.1
  • 7
    • 0027201134 scopus 로고
    • Randomized antiarrhythmic drug therapy in survivors of cardiac arrest
    • The CASCADE Investigators. Randomized antiarrhythmic drug therapy in survivors of cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:280-287.
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.72 , pp. 280-287
  • 8
    • 0025688313 scopus 로고
    • Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel Antiarrhythmic Study of Infarct Survival (BASIS)
    • Burkart F, Pfisterer M, Kiowski W, Follath F, Burckhardt D. Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel Antiarrhythmic Study of Infarct Survival (BASIS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:1711-1718.
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.16 , pp. 1711-1718
    • Burkart, F.1    Pfisterer, M.2    Kiowski, W.3    Follath, F.4    Burckhardt, D.5
  • 9
    • 0026497728 scopus 로고
    • Effect of amiodarone on mortality after myocardial infarction: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study
    • Ceremuzynski L, Kleczar E, Krzeminska-Pakula M, et al. Effect of amiodarone on mortality after myocardial infarction: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:1056-1062.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Ceremuzynski, L.1    Kleczar, E.2    Krzeminska-Pakula, M.3
  • 10
    • 0025809809 scopus 로고
    • Post-myocardial infarction mortality in patients with ventricular premature depolarizations
    • Cairns JA, Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts R. Post-myocardial infarction mortality in patients with ventricular premature depolarizations. Circulation 1991;84:550-557.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 550-557
    • Cairns, J.A.1    Connolly, S.J.2    Gent, M.3    Roberts, R.4
  • 11
    • 0027535713 scopus 로고
    • Long-term benefit of 1-year amiodarone treatment for persistent complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction
    • Pfisterer ME, Kiowski W, Brunner H, Burckhardt D, Burkart F. Long-term benefit of 1-year amiodarone treatment for persistent complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993;87:309-311.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 309-311
    • Pfisterer, M.E.1    Kiowski, W.2    Brunner, H.3    Burckhardt, D.4    Burkart, F.5
  • 12
    • 0027360009 scopus 로고
    • Empiric long-term amiodarone prophylaxis following myocardial infarction
    • Zarembski DG, Nolan PE, Slack MK, Caruso AC. Empiric long-term amiodarone prophylaxis following myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2661-2667.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 2661-2667
    • Zarembski, D.G.1    Nolan, P.E.2    Slack, M.K.3    Caruso, A.C.4
  • 13
    • 8244255022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented March
    • European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT). Paper presented at the American College of Cardiology, March 1996.
    • (1996) American College of Cardiology
  • 14
    • 8244255022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented March
    • Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial (CAMIAT). Paper presented at the American College of Cardiology, March 1996
    • (1996) American College of Cardiology
  • 15
    • 0001929844 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary mortality results from the Survival with Oral d-Sotalol (SWORD) trial
    • Waldo AL, Camm AJ, de Ruyter H, et al. Preliminary mortality results from the Survival With Oral d-Sotalol (SWORD) trial (abstr). J Am Coll Cardiol 1995-25:15.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 15
    • Waldo, A.L.1    Camm, A.J.2    De Ruyter, H.3
  • 17
    • 0027077802 scopus 로고
    • Differences in rate dependence of transient outward current in rabbit and human atrium
    • Fermini B, Wang Z, Duan D, Nattel S. Differences in rate dependence of transient outward current in rabbit and human atrium. Am J Physiol 1992;263:H1747-H1754.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263
    • Fermini, B.1    Wang, Z.2    Duan, D.3    Nattel, S.4
  • 18
    • 0020036615 scopus 로고
    • Existence of two transient outward currents in sheep cardiac purkinje fibers
    • Coraboeuf E, Carmeliet E. Existence of two transient outward currents in sheep cardiac purkinje fibers. Pflugers Arch 1982;392:352-359.
    • (1982) Pflugers Arch , vol.392 , pp. 352-359
    • Coraboeuf, E.1    Carmeliet, E.2
  • 19
    • 0024589635 scopus 로고
    • Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes
    • Tseng G, Hoffman BF. Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1989;64:633-647.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 633-647
    • Tseng, G.1    Hoffman, B.F.2
  • 21
    • 0026062184 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-activated chloride current in rabbit ventricular myocytes
    • Zygmunt AC, Gibbons WR. Calcium-activated chloride current in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1991;68:424-437.
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 424-437
    • Zygmunt, A.C.1    Gibbons, W.R.2
  • 22
    • 0021824529 scopus 로고
    • Slow currents through single sodium channels of adult rat heart
    • Patlak JB, Ortiz M. Slow currents through single sodium channels of adult rat heart. J Gen Physiol 1985;86:89-104.
    • (1985) J Gen Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 89-104
    • Patlak, J.B.1    Ortiz, M.2
  • 23
    • 0028022923 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of the new class III agent dofetilide on potassium currents in guinea pig cardiomyocytes
    • Kiehn J, Villena P, Beyer T, Brachmann J. Differential effects of the new class III agent dofetilide on potassium currents in guinea pig cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;24:566-572.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 566-572
    • Kiehn, J.1    Villena, P.2    Beyer, T.3    Brachmann, J.4
  • 24
    • 0014438985 scopus 로고
    • Outward membrane currents activated in the plateau range of potentials in cardiac purkinje fibres
    • Noble D, Tseien RW. Outward membrane currents activated in the plateau range of potentials in cardiac purkinje fibres. J Physiol 1969;200:205-231.
    • (1969) J Physiol , vol.200 , pp. 205-231
    • Noble, D.1    Tseien, R.W.2
  • 25
    • 0023000706 scopus 로고
    • Repolarization currents in embryonic chick atrial heart cell aggregates
    • Shirer A, Clay JR. Repolarization currents in embryonic chick atrial heart cell aggregates. Biophys J 1986;50:861-874.
    • (1986) Biophys J , vol.50 , pp. 861-874
    • Shirer, A.1    Clay, J.R.2
  • 27
    • 0027257852 scopus 로고
    • Delayed rectifier outward current and repolarization in human atrial myocytes
    • Wang Z, Fermini B, Nattel S. Delayed rectifier outward current and repolarization in human atrial myocytes. Circ Res 1993;73:276-285.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.73 , pp. 276-285
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 28
    • 0028020442 scopus 로고
    • Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in human atrial myocytes
    • Wang Z, Fermini B, Nattel S. Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in human atrial myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 1994;28:1540-1546.
    • (1994) Cardiovasc Res , vol.28 , pp. 1540-1546
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 30
    • 0024409487 scopus 로고
    • Outward currents in normal and hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes
    • Kleiman RB, Houser SR. Outward currents in normal and hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 1989;256:H1450-H1461.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.256
    • Kleiman, R.B.1    Houser, S.R.2
  • 31
    • 0022873833 scopus 로고
    • + current in single cardiac cells from bullfrog atrium
    • + current in single cardiac cells from bullfrog atrium. J Gen Physiol 1986;88:777-98.
    • (1986) J Gen Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 777-798
    • Hume, J.R.1    Giles, W.2    Robinson, K.3
  • 32
    • 0026521375 scopus 로고
    • Role of an inwardly rectifying potassium current in rabbit ventricular action potential
    • Shimoni Y, Clark RB, Giles WR. Role of an inwardly rectifying potassium current in rabbit ventricular action potential. J Physiol 1992;448:709-27.
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.448 , pp. 709-727
    • Shimoni, Y.1    Clark, R.B.2    Giles, W.R.3
  • 34
    • 0026644289 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of drug action at single-channel level
    • Rudy B, Iverson LE, eds. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Moczydlowski E. Analysis of drug action at single-channel level. In: Rudy B, Iverson LE, eds. Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 207. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1992:791-806.
    • (1992) Methods in Enzymology , vol.207 , pp. 791-806
    • Moczydlowski, E.1
  • 35
    • 0027429933 scopus 로고
    • + current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes
    • + current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1993;73:857-68.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.73 , pp. 857-868
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 36
    • 0001908198 scopus 로고
    • The principles of the stochastic interpretation of ion-channel mechanisms
    • Sakmann G, Neher E, eds. New York: Plenum
    • Colquhoun D, Hawkes AG. The principles of the stochastic interpretation of ion-channel mechanisms. In: Sakmann G, Neher E, eds. Single Channel Recording. New York: Plenum, 1983:135-175.
    • (1983) Single Channel Recording , pp. 135-175
    • Colquhoun, D.1    Hawkes, A.G.2
  • 37
    • 0025676658 scopus 로고
    • Channel specificity in antiarrhythmic drug action
    • Colatsky TJ, Follmer CH, Stramer CF. Channel specificity in antiarrhythmic drug action. Circulation 1990;82:2235-42.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 2235-2242
    • Colatsky, T.J.1    Follmer, C.H.2    Stramer, C.F.3
  • 39
    • 0027186122 scopus 로고
    • Rate-dependent prolongation of cardiac action potentials by a methanesulfonilide class III antiarrhythmic agent
    • Jurkiewicz NK, Sanguinetti MC. Rate-dependent prolongation of cardiac action potentials by a methanesulfonilide class III antiarrhythmic agent. Circ Res 1993;72:75-83.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.72 , pp. 75-83
    • Jurkiewicz, N.K.1    Sanguinetti, M.C.2
  • 40
    • 0028085035 scopus 로고
    • Voltage dependence of cardiac delayed rectifier block by methanesulfonamide class III antiarrhythmic agents
    • Krafte DS, Volberg WA. Voltage dependence of cardiac delayed rectifier block by methanesulfonamide class III antiarrhythmic agents. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:37-41.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 37-41
    • Krafte, D.S.1    Volberg, W.A.2
  • 41
    • 0028306696 scopus 로고
    • Frequency-dependent effects of E-4031, almokalant, dofetilide and tedisamil on action potential duration: No evidence for "reverse use dependent" block
    • Ohler A, Amos GJ, Wettwer E, Ravens U. Frequency-dependent effects of E-4031, almokalant, dofetilide and tedisamil on action potential duration: No evidence for "reverse use dependent" block. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1994;349:602-610.
    • (1994) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol , vol.349 , pp. 602-610
    • Ohler, A.1    Amos, G.J.2    Wettwer, E.3    Ravens, U.4
  • 42
    • 0027372829 scopus 로고
    • + current in rabbit ventricular myocytes
    • + current in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993;7:599-604.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.7 , pp. 599-604
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 45
    • 85047676408 scopus 로고
    • Dofetilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, reduces pacing induced heterogeneity of repolarization in vivo
    • Gwilt M, RC King, Milne AA, Solca AM. Dofetilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, reduces pacing induced heterogeneity of repolarization in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 1992; 26:1102-1108.
    • (1992) Cardiovasc Res , vol.26 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Gwilt, M.1    King, R.C.2    Milne, A.A.3    Solca, A.M.4
  • 46
    • 0027532471 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the class III antiarrhythmic agent dofetilide (UK-68, 798) in humans
    • Tham TCK. MacLennan BA, Burke MT, Harron DWG. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the class III antiarrhythmic agent dofetilide (UK-68, 798) in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;21:507-512.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 507-512
    • Tham, T.C.K.1    MacLennan, B.A.2    Burke, M.T.3    Harron, D.W.G.4
  • 47
    • 0026608567 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and electrophysiologic effects of intravenous dofetilide (UK-68,798), a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, in patients with angina pectoris
    • Sedgwick ML, Rasmussen HS, Cobbe SM. Clinical and electrophysiologic effects of intravenous dofetilide (UK-68,798), a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, in patients with angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:513-517.
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.69 , pp. 513-517
    • Sedgwick, M.L.1    Rasmussen, H.S.2    Cobbe, S.M.3
  • 48
    • 0026498376 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and QT interval dispersion in stable angina pectoris
    • Sedgwick ML, Rasmussen HS, Cobbe SM. Effects of the class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and QT interval dispersion in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1432-1437.
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Sedgwick, M.L.1    Rasmussen, H.S.2    Cobbe, S.M.3
  • 49
    • 0028198795 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dofetilide on cardiac repolarization in patients with ventricular tachycardia
    • Yuan S, Wohlfart B, Rasmussen HS, Olsson S, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. Effect of dofetilide on cardiac repolarization in patients with ventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 1994;15:514-522.
    • (1994) Eur Heart J , vol.15 , pp. 514-522
    • Yuan, S.1    Wohlfart, B.2    Rasmussen, H.S.3    Olsson, S.4    Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C.5
  • 50
    • 0026609395 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a new selective class III antiarrhythmic agent dofetilide in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
    • Suttorp MJ, Polak PE, van't Hof A, Rasmussen HS, Dunselman PH, Kingma JH. Efficacy and safety of a new selective class III antiarrhythmic agent dofetilide in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:417-419.
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.69 , pp. 417-419
    • Suttorp, M.J.1    Polak, P.E.2    Van't Hof, A.3    Rasmussen, H.S.4    Dunselman, P.H.5    Kingma, J.H.6
  • 51
    • 0028958128 scopus 로고
    • Chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with intravenous dofetilide
    • Sedgwick ML, Lip G, Rae AP, Cobb SM. Chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with intravenous dofetilide. Int J Cardiol 1195;49:59-166.
    • (1195) Int J Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 59-166
    • Sedgwick, M.L.1    Lip, G.2    Rae, A.P.3    Cobb, S.M.4
  • 52
    • 0028789950 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic profile and efficacy of intravenous dofetilide (UK-68,798), a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, in patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
    • Bashir Y, Thomsen PEB, Kingma JH, et al. Electrophysiologic profile and efficacy of intravenous dofetilide (UK-68,798), a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, in patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:1040-1044.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.76 , pp. 1040-1044
    • Bashir, Y.1    Thomsen, P.E.B.2    Kingma, J.H.3
  • 53
    • 0029146257 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of dofetilide in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias
    • Echt DS, Lee JT, Murray KT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of dofetilide in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1995;6:687-699.
    • (1995) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.6 , pp. 687-699
    • Echt, D.S.1    Lee, J.T.2    Murray, K.T.3
  • 55
    • 0026021522 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic drug E-4031 on myocardial contractility and electrophysiological parameters
    • Wettwer E, Scholtysik G, Schaad A, Himmel H, Ravens U. Effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic drug E-4031 on myocardial contractility and electrophysiological parameters. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;17:480-487.
    • (1991) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 480-487
    • Wettwer, E.1    Scholtysik, G.2    Schaad, A.3    Himmel, H.4    Ravens, U.5
  • 56
    • 0025963987 scopus 로고
    • Isoproterenol antagonizes prolongation of refractory period by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 in guinea pig myocytes
    • Sanguinetti MC, Jurkiewicz NK, Scott A, Siegl PKS. Isoproterenol antagonizes prolongation of refractory period by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 in guinea pig myocytes. Circ Res 1991;68:77-84.
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 77-84
    • Sanguinetti, M.C.1    Jurkiewicz, N.K.2    Scott, A.3    Siegl, P.K.S.4
  • 57
    • 0026506174 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of delayed rectifier and inward rectifier to repolarization of the action potential: Pharmacologic separation
    • Martin CL, Chinn K. Contribution of delayed rectifier and inward rectifier to repolarization of the action potential: Pharmacologic separation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 19:830-837.
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 830-837
    • Martin, C.L.1    Chinn, K.2
  • 58
    • 0026065190 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiology and antiarrhythmic actions of E-4031 in the experimental animal model of sudden coronary death
    • Chi L, Mu D, Lucchesi BR. Electrophysiology and antiarrhythmic actions of E-4031 in the experimental animal model of sudden coronary death. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;17:285-295.
    • (1991) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 285-295
    • Chi, L.1    Mu, D.2    Lucchesi, B.R.3
  • 59
    • 0027423559 scopus 로고
    • Effect of E-4031, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, on reentrant ventricular arrhythmias: Comparison with conventional class I drugs
    • Ogawa S, Mitamura H, Katoh H. Effect of E-4031, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, on reentrant ventricular arrhythmias: Comparison with conventional class I drugs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993;7:621-626.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.7 , pp. 621-626
    • Ogawa, S.1    Mitamura, H.2    Katoh, H.3
  • 60
    • 0025346824 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmias by the class III agent E-4031 in a canine model of previous myocardial infarction
    • Lynch JJ, Heaney LA, Wallace AA, Gehret JR, Selnick HG, Stein RB. Suppression of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmias by the class III agent E-4031 in a canine model of previous myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;15:764-775.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 764-775
    • Lynch, J.J.1    Heaney, L.A.2    Wallace, A.A.3    Gehret, J.R.4    Selnick, H.G.5    Stein, R.B.6
  • 61
    • 0025360049 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031, on reentrant tachycardias in rabbit right atrium
    • Adaniya H, Hiraoka M. Effects of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031, on reentrant tachycardias in rabbit right atrium. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;15:976-982.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 976-982
    • Adaniya, H.1    Hiraoka, M.2
  • 62
    • 0027465050 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic effects of a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031, on atrial flutter, atrial refractoriness, and conduction delay in a canine sterile pericarditis model
    • Shimizu A, Kaibara M, Centurion OA, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031, on atrial flutter, atrial refractoriness, and conduction delay in a canine sterile pericarditis model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;21:656-662.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 656-662
    • Shimizu, A.1    Kaibara, M.2    Centurion, O.A.3
  • 63
    • 85047679818 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially produce conduction block at the area of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit of canine atrial flutter: Comparative study of disopyramide, flecainide, and E-4031
    • Inoue H, Yamashita T, Usui M, Nozaki A, Sugimoto T. Antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially produce conduction block at the area of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit of canine atrial flutter: Comparative study of disopyramide, flecainide, and E-4031. Cardiovasc Res 1991;25:223-229.
    • (1991) Cardiovasc Res , vol.25 , pp. 223-229
    • Inoue, H.1    Yamashita, T.2    Usui, M.3    Nozaki, A.4    Sugimoto, T.5
  • 64
    • 85047678579 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological effects of a new class III antiarrhythmic agent (E-4031) on the conduction and refractoriness of the in vivo human atrium
    • Shimizu A, Fukatani M, Konoe A, Isomoto S, Centurion OA, Yano K. Electrophysiological effects of a new class III antiarrhythmic agent (E-4031) on the conduction and refractoriness of the in vivo human atrium. Cardiovasc Res 1993;27:1333-1338.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Res , vol.27 , pp. 1333-1338
    • Shimizu, A.1    Fukatani, M.2    Konoe, A.3    Isomoto, S.4    Centurion, O.A.5    Yano, K.6
  • 65
    • 0027178409 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic effects of E-4031, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
    • Isomoto S, Shimizu A, Konoe A, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of E-4031, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:1464-1467.
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71 , pp. 1464-1467
    • Isomoto, S.1    Shimizu, A.2    Konoe, A.3
  • 66
    • 0028140468 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous E-4031, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
    • Fujiki A, Tani M, Mizumaki K, Shimono M, Inoue H. Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous E-4031, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:374-378.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 374-378
    • Fujiki, A.1    Tani, M.2    Mizumaki, K.3    Shimono, M.4    Inoue, H.5
  • 67
    • 85047677399 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic agents almokalant, E-4031, and d-sotalol, and of quinidine, on delayed rectifier currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Wettwer E, Grundke M, Ravens U. Differential effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic agents almokalant, E-4031, and d-sotalol, and of quinidine, on delayed rectifier currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 1992;26:1145-1152.
    • (1992) Cardiovasc Res , vol.26 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Wettwer, E.1    Grundke, M.2    Ravens, U.3
  • 68
    • 0027429933 scopus 로고
    • + current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes
    • + current by almokalant in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1993;73:857-868.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.73 , pp. 857-868
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 69
    • 0026730655 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of H 234/09 (almokalant), quinidine, and (+)-sotalol in the anesthetized dog
    • Duker G, Almgren O, Carlsson L. Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of H 234/09 (almokalant), quinidine, and (+)-sotalol in the anesthetized dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;20:458-465.
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 458-465
    • Duker, G.1    Almgren, O.2    Carlsson, L.3
  • 70
    • 0026702804 scopus 로고
    • Electropharmacologic effects and pharmacokinetics of almokalant, a new class III antiarrhythmic, in patients with healed or healing myocardial infarcts and complex ventricular arrhythmias
    • Wiesfeld ACP, Crijins JGM, Tobe TJM, et al. Electropharmacologic effects and pharmacokinetics of almokalant, a new class III antiarrhythmic, in patients with healed or healing myocardial infarcts and complex ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:990-996.
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 990-996
    • Wiesfeld, A.C.P.1    Crijins, J.G.M.2    Tobe, T.J.M.3
  • 71
    • 0027997910 scopus 로고
    • Rate-dependent effects of sematilide on action potential duration in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Sawanobori T, Adaniya H, Namiki T, Hiraoka M. Rate-dependent effects of sematilide on action potential duration in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;271:302-310.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 302-310
    • Sawanobori, T.1    Adaniya, H.2    Namiki, T.3    Hiraoka, M.4
  • 72
    • 0025779110 scopus 로고
    • Cellular electrophysiological effects of the class III antiarrhythmic agents sematilide and clofilium on rabbit atrial tissues
    • Argentieri TM, Carroll MS, Sullivan ME. Cellular electrophysiological effects of the class III antiarrhythmic agents sematilide and clofilium on rabbit atrial tissues. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;18:167-174.
    • (1991) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 167-174
    • Argentieri, T.M.1    Carroll, M.S.2    Sullivan, M.E.3
  • 73
    • 0025292179 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions of CK-3579 and sematilide in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death
    • Chi LG, Mu DX Driscoll EM, Lucchesi BR. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions of CK-3579 and sematilide in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16:312-324.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 312-324
    • Chi, L.G.1    Mu, D.X.2    Driscoll, E.M.3    Lucchesi, B.R.4
  • 74
    • 0027178719 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic effects of selective prolongation of refractoriness. Electrophysiologic actions of sematilide HCL in humans
    • Sager PT, Nademanee K, Antimisiaris M. Antiarrhythmic effects of selective prolongation of refractoriness. Electrophysiologic actions of sematilide HCL in humans. Circulation 1993;88:1072-1088.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1072-1088
    • Sager, P.T.1    Nademanee, K.2    Antimisiaris, M.3
  • 76
    • 0026669913 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ambasilide, a new class III agent, on plateau currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes: Block of delayed outward potassium current
    • Zhang Z, Follmer CH, Sarma JSM, Chen F, Singh BN. Effect of ambasilide, a new class III agent, on plateau currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes: Block of delayed outward potassium current. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;263:40-48.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.263 , pp. 40-48
    • Zhang, Z.1    Follmer, C.H.2    Sarma, J.S.M.3    Chen, F.4    Singh, B.N.5
  • 77
    • 0026575403 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic effects of ambasilide (LU 47110), a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, on the properties of isolated rabbit and canine cardiac muscle
    • Takanaka C, Sarma JSM, Singh BN. Electrophysiologic effects of ambasilide (LU 47110), a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, on the properties of isolated rabbit and canine cardiac muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;19:290-298.
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 290-298
    • Takanaka, C.1    Sarma, J.S.M.2    Singh, B.N.3
  • 78
    • 0028020993 scopus 로고
    • Class III antiarrhythmic drug action in experimental atrial fibrillation
    • Wang J, Feng J, Nattel S. Class III antiarrhythmic drug action in experimental atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1994; 90:2032-2040.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2032-2040
    • Wang, J.1    Feng, J.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 79
    • 0345578344 scopus 로고
    • In vitro electrophysiology of NE-10064, a novel and highly selective class III antiarrhythmic agent
    • Tatla DS, David BC, Malloy KJ, Moorehead TJ. In vitro electrophysiology of NE-10064, a novel and highly selective class III antiarrhythmic agent (abstr). FASEB J 1993; 7:A107.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7
    • Tatla, D.S.1    David, B.C.2    Malloy, K.J.3    Moorehead, T.J.4
  • 80
    • 0028208260 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of NE-10064 with sotalol and E-4031 and their modification by simulated ischaemia
    • McIntosh MA, Tanira M, Pacini D, Kane KA. Comparison of the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of NE-10064 with sotalol and E-4031 and their modification by simulated ischaemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:653-657.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 653-657
    • McIntosh, M.A.1    Tanira, M.2    Pacini, D.3    Kane, K.A.4
  • 84
    • 8244241769 scopus 로고
    • Azimilide (NE-10064) prolongs action potential duration in a reverse rate-dependent manner in guinea pig ventricular muscle
    • Groh WJ, Gibson KJ, Maylie JG. Azimilide (NE-10064) prolongs action potential duration in a reverse rate-dependent manner in guinea pig ventricular muscle (abstr). PACE 1995;18(II):853.
    • (1995) PACE , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 853
    • Groh, W.J.1    Gibson, K.J.2    Maylie, J.G.3
  • 85
    • 0027381889 scopus 로고
    • Protection against programmed electrical stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death by NE-10064, a class III antiarrhythmic drug
    • Black SC, Butterfield JL, Lucchesi BR. Protection against programmed electrical stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death by NE-10064, a class III antiarrhythmic drug. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22:810-818.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 810-818
    • Black, S.C.1    Butterfield, J.L.2    Lucchesi, B.R.3
  • 88
    • 0027192173 scopus 로고
    • Actions and interactions of E-4031 and tedisamil on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and QT interval in rat in vivo
    • Bril A, Landais L, Gout B. Actions and interactions of E-4031 and tedisamil on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and QT interval in rat in vivo. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993;7:233-240.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.7 , pp. 233-240
    • Bril, A.1    Landais, L.2    Gout, B.3
  • 89
    • 0028904591 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions of tedisamil
    • Wallace AA, Stupienski RF, Baskin EP. Cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions of tedisamil. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;273:168-175.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.273 , pp. 168-175
    • Wallace, A.A.1    Stupienski, R.F.2    Baskin, E.P.3
  • 90
    • 0028116076 scopus 로고
    • Prolongation of monophasic action potential duration and the refractory period in the human heart by tedisamil, a new potassium-blocking agent
    • Bargheer K, Bode F, Klein HU, Trappe HJ, Franz MR, Lichtlen PR. Prolongation of monophasic action potential duration and the refractory period in the human heart by tedisamil, a new potassium-blocking agent. Eur Heart J 1994;15:1409-1414.
    • (1994) Eur Heart J , vol.15 , pp. 1409-1414
    • Bargheer, K.1    Bode, F.2    Klein, H.U.3    Trappe, H.J.4    Franz, M.R.5    Lichtlen, P.R.6
  • 92
    • 8244225833 scopus 로고
    • RP 58866 exhibits fast blocking kinetics of the inward-rectifying potassium channel
    • Nair LA, Grant AO. RP 58866 exhibits fast blocking kinetics of the inward-rectifying potassium channel (abstr). PACE 1995;18(II):234.
    • (1995) PACE , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 234
    • Nair, L.A.1    Grant, A.O.2
  • 93
    • 0027335784 scopus 로고
    • K1 blockade: A new antiarrhythmic mechanism?
    • K1 blockade: A new antiarrhythmic mechanism? Circulation 1993;87:1979-1989.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 1979-1989
    • Rees, S.A.1    Curtis, M.J.2
  • 94
    • 0027458805 scopus 로고
    • Membrane activity of class III antiarrhythmic compounds; a comparison between ibutilide, d-sotalol, E-4031, sematilide and dofetilide
    • Lee KS, Tsai TD, Lee EW. Membrane activity of class III antiarrhythmic compounds; a comparison between ibutilide, d-sotalol, E-4031, sematilide and dofetilide. Eur J Pharmacol 1993;234:43-53.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.234 , pp. 43-53
    • Lee, K.S.1    Tsai, T.D.2    Lee, E.W.3
  • 95
    • 0026748851 scopus 로고
    • + current in guinea pig ventricular cells
    • + current in guinea pig ventricular cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;262:99-108.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.262 , pp. 99-108
    • Lee, K.S.1
  • 97
    • 0026548517 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ibutilide on spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias in 24-hour canine myocardial infarction: A comparative study with sotalol and encainide
    • Buchanan LV, Kabell G, Turcotte UM, Brunden MN, Gibson JK. Effects of ibutilide on spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias in 24-hour canine myocardial infarction: A comparative study with sotalol and encainide. J Cardioasc Pharmacol 1992;19:256-263.
    • (1992) J Cardioasc Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 256-263
    • Buchanan, L.V.1    Kabell, G.2    Turcotte, U.M.3    Brunden, M.N.4    Gibson, J.K.5
  • 98
    • 0027528428 scopus 로고
    • Ibutilide: Enhanced defibrillation via plateau sodium current activation
    • Wesley RC, Farkhani F, Morgan D, Zimmerman D. Ibutilide: Enhanced defibrillation via plateau sodium current activation. Am J Physiol 1993;264:H1269-H1274.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Wesley, R.C.1    Farkhani, F.2    Morgan, D.3    Zimmerman, D.4
  • 99
    • 0001722153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the class III agents d,l sotalol HCL and ibutilide fumarate for atrial reverse use dependence and antiarrhythmic effect
    • Buchanan LV, LeMay RJ, Gibson JK. Comparison of the class III agents d,l sotalol HCL and ibutilide fumarate for atrial reverse use dependence and antiarrhythmic effect (abstr). PACE 1996;19:687.
    • (1996) PACE , vol.19 , pp. 687
    • Buchanan, L.V.1    LeMay, R.J.2    Gibson, J.K.3
  • 100
    • 0027314650 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of ibutilide in a chronic canine model of atrial flutter
    • Buchanan LV, Turcotte UM, Kabell GG, Gibson JK. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of ibutilide in a chronic canine model of atrial flutter. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22:10-14.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 10-14
    • Buchanan, L.V.1    Turcotte, U.M.2    Kabell, G.G.3    Gibson, J.K.4
  • 101
    • 0027359063 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ibutilide, a new class III agent, on sustained atrial fibrillation in a canine model of acute ischemia and myocardial dysfunction induced by microembolization
    • Nabih MA, Prcevski P, Fromm BS, et al. Effect of ibutilide, a new class III agent, on sustained atrial fibrillation in a canine model of acute ischemia and myocardial dysfunction induced by microembolization. PACE 1993;16:1975-1983.
    • (1993) PACE , vol.16 , pp. 1975-1983
    • Nabih, M.A.1    Prcevski, P.2    Fromm, B.S.3
  • 102
    • 0344398422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia by intravenous ibutilide in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Wood M, Stambler B, Gilligan D, et al. Suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia by intravenous ibutilide in patients with coronary artery disease (abstr). PACE 1996; 19:618.
    • (1996) PACE , vol.19 , pp. 618
    • Wood, M.1    Stambler, B.2    Gilligan, D.3
  • 103
    • 0000953730 scopus 로고
    • Proven efficacy of repeated dose intravenous ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, for rapid termination of chronic atrial flutter or fibrillation: Results of a multicenter placebo-controlled study
    • Stambler BS, Portnow AS, Wood MA, et al. Proven efficacy of repeated dose intravenous ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, for rapid termination of chronic atrial flutter or fibrillation: Results of a multicenter placebo-controlled study (abstr). J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:230A.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25
    • Stambler, B.S.1    Portnow, A.S.2    Wood, M.A.3
  • 104
    • 0000108332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous ibutilide versus procainamide for the rapid termination of atrial fibrillation or flutter
    • Volgman AS, Stambler BS, Kappagoda C, et al. Comparison of intravenous ibutilide versus procainamide for the rapid termination of atrial fibrillation or flutter (abstr). PACE 1996;19:608.
    • (1996) PACE , vol.19 , pp. 608
    • Volgman, A.S.1    Stambler, B.S.2    Kappagoda, C.3
  • 105
  • 107
  • 108
    • 0024414246 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and torsade de pointes
    • Lazzara R. Amiodarone and torsade de pointes. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:549-550.
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.111 , pp. 549-550
    • Lazzara, R.1
  • 110
    • 0022516427 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia: Clinical characterization, therapy, and the QT interval
    • Nguyen PT, Scheinman MM, Seger J. Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia: Clinical characterization, therapy, and the QT interval. Circulation 1986;74:340-349.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 340-349
    • Nguyen, P.T.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Seger, J.3
  • 111
    • 0020577003 scopus 로고
    • Recording of monophasic action potentials of the right ventricle in long QT syndromes complicated by severe ventricular arrhythmias
    • Bonatti V, Rolli A, Botti G. Recording of monophasic action potentials of the right ventricle in long QT syndromes complicated by severe ventricular arrhythmias. Eur Heart J 1983;4:168-179.
    • (1983) Eur Heart J , vol.4 , pp. 168-179
    • Bonatti, V.1    Rolli, A.2    Botti, G.3
  • 112
    • 0022346361 scopus 로고
    • Monophasic action potential studies in human subjects with prolonged ventricular repolarization and long QT syndromes
    • Bonatti V, Rolli A, Botti G. Monophasic action potential studies in human subjects with prolonged ventricular repolarization and long QT syndromes. Eur Heart J 1985;6(Suppl D):131-143.
    • (1985) Eur Heart J , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. D , pp. 131-143
    • Bonatti, V.1    Rolli, A.2    Botti, G.3
  • 113
    • 0024556795 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations: Mechanisms of induction and block
    • January CT, Riddle JM. Early afterdepolarizations: Mechanisms of induction and block. Circ Res 1989;64:977-990.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 977-990
    • January, C.T.1    Riddle, J.M.2
  • 115
    • 0023784610 scopus 로고
    • QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia-dependent early afterdepolarizations
    • El-Sherif N, Zeiler RH, Craelius W, Gough WB, Henkin R. QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia-dependent early afterdepolarizations. Circ Res 1988;63:286-305.
    • (1988) Circ Res , vol.63 , pp. 286-305
    • El-Sherif, N.1    Zeiler, R.H.2    Craelius, W.3    Gough, W.B.4    Henkin, R.5
  • 116
    • 0027380604 scopus 로고
    • Early after-depolarizations and torsade de pointes: Implications for the control of cardiac arrhythmias by prolonging repolarization
    • Roden D. Early after-depolarizations and torsade de pointes: Implications for the control of cardiac arrhythmias by prolonging repolarization. Eur Heart J 1993;14(Suppl H):56-61.
    • (1993) Eur Heart J , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. H , pp. 56-61
    • Roden, D.1
  • 117
    • 0020501838 scopus 로고
    • Bradycardia-dependent triggered activity: Relevance to drug-induced multiform ventricular tachycardia
    • Brachmann J, Scherlag BJ, Rosenshtraukh LV, Lazzara R. Bradycardia-dependent triggered activity: Relevance to drug-induced multiform ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1983;68:846-856.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.68 , pp. 846-856
    • Brachmann, J.1    Scherlag, B.J.2    Rosenshtraukh, L.V.3    Lazzara, R.4
  • 118
    • 0027374247 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mechanisms in a canine model of erythromycin-as-sociated long QT syndrome
    • Rubart M, Pressler ML, Pride HP, Zipex DP. Electrophysiological mechanisms in a canine model of erythromycin-as-sociated long QT syndrome. Circulation 1993;88:832-844.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 832-844
    • Rubart, M.1    Pressler, M.L.2    Pride, H.P.3    Zipex, D.P.4
  • 119
    • 0025333776 scopus 로고
    • QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions
    • Carlsson L, Almgren O, Duker G. QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16:276-285.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 276-285
    • Carlsson, L.1    Almgren, O.2    Duker, G.3
  • 120
    • 0021972633 scopus 로고
    • Action potentials prolongation and induction of abnormal automaticity by low quinidine concentrations in canine purkinje fibers
    • Roden DM, Hoffman BF. Action potentials prolongation and induction of abnormal automaticity by low quinidine concentrations in canine purkinje fibers. Circ Res 1985;56:857-867.
    • (1985) Circ Res , vol.56 , pp. 857-867
    • Roden, D.M.1    Hoffman, B.F.2
  • 121
    • 0014799915 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and beta-receptor blocking effects of MJ 1999 on dog and rabbit cardiac tissue
    • Strauss HC, Bigger JT, Hoffman BF. Electrophysiological and beta-receptor blocking effects of MJ 1999 on dog and rabbit cardiac tissue. Circ Res 1970;26:661-678.
    • (1970) Circ Res , vol.26 , pp. 661-678
    • Strauss, H.C.1    Bigger, J.T.2    Hoffman, B.F.3
  • 122
    • 0027517892 scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of ibutilide, d-sotalol, clofilium, E-4031, and UK-68,798 in a rabbit model of proarrhythmia
    • Buchanan LV, Kabell G, Brunden MN, Gibson JK. Comparative assessment of ibutilide, d-sotalol, clofilium, E-4031, and UK-68,798 in a rabbit model of proarrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;220:540-549.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.220 , pp. 540-549
    • Buchanan, L.V.1    Kabell, G.2    Brunden, M.N.3    Gibson, J.K.4
  • 124
    • 0026498376 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and QT interval dispersion in stable angina pectoris
    • Sedgwick ML, Rasmussen HS, Cobbe SM. Effects of the class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and QT interval dispersion in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1432-1437.
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Sedgwick, M.L.1    Rasmussen, H.S.2    Cobbe, S.M.3
  • 125
    • 0025333776 scopus 로고
    • QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions
    • Carlsson L, Almgren O, Duker G. QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16:276-285.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 276-285
    • Carlsson, L.1    Almgren, O.2    Duker, G.3
  • 126
    • 0027771044 scopus 로고
    • Proarrhythmic effects of the class III agent almokalant: Importance of infusion rate, QT dispersion, and early afterdepolarizations
    • Carlsson L, Abrahamsson C, Andersson B, Duker G, Schiller-Linhardt G. Proarrhythmic effects of the class III agent almokalant: Importance of infusion rate, QT dispersion, and early afterdepolarizations. Cardiovasc Res 1993;27:2186-2193.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Res , vol.27 , pp. 2186-2193
    • Carlsson, L.1    Abrahamsson, C.2    Andersson, B.3    Duker, G.4    Schiller-Linhardt, G.5
  • 129
    • 0344760108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overall safety experience with intravenous ibutilide
    • Ellenbogen K, Vanderlugt J, Robbins I, Kowey P, for the Ibutilide Investigators. Overall safety experience with intravenous ibutilide (abstr). PACE 1996;19:608.
    • (1996) PACE , vol.19 , pp. 608
    • Ellenbogen, K.1    Vanderlugt, J.2    Robbins, I.3    Kowey, P.4
  • 130
    • 0025331535 scopus 로고
    • Lack of triggered automaticity despite repolarization abnormalities due to bepridil and lidoflazine
    • Campbell RM, Woosley RL, Iansmith DHS, Roden DM. Lack of triggered automaticity despite repolarization abnormalities due to bepridil and lidoflazine. PACE 1990;13:30-6.
    • (1990) PACE , vol.13 , pp. 30-36
    • Campbell, R.M.1    Woosley, R.L.2    Iansmith, D.H.S.3    Roden, D.M.4
  • 131
    • 85047679831 scopus 로고
    • Purkinje fibre-papillary muscle interaction in the genesis of triggered activity in a guinea pig model
    • Li ZY, Maldonado C, Zee-Cheng C, Hiromasa S, Kupersmith J. Purkinje fibre-papillary muscle interaction in the genesis of triggered activity in a guinea pig model. Cardiovasc Res 1992;26:543-548.
    • (1992) Cardiovasc Res , vol.26 , pp. 543-548
    • Li, Z.Y.1    Maldonado, C.2    Zee-Cheng, C.3    Hiromasa, S.4    Kupersmith, J.5
  • 132
    • 0028082351 scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations. The role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes
    • Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S. Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations. The role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:259-277.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 259-277
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Sicouri, S.2
  • 133
    • 0029130422 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic characteristics of M cells in the canine left ventricular free wall
    • Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Electrophysiologic characteristics of M cells in the canine left ventricular free wall. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1995;6:591-603.
    • (1995) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.6 , pp. 591-603
    • Sicouri, S.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 134
    • 0025718864 scopus 로고
    • Afterdepolarizations and triggered activity develop in a select population of cells (M cells) in canine ventricular myocardium. The effects of acetylstrophanthidin and Bay K 8644
    • Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Afterdepolarizations and triggered activity develop in a select population of cells (M cells) in canine ventricular myocardium. The effects of acetylstrophanthidin and Bay K 8644. PACE 1991;14:1714-1720.
    • (1991) PACE , vol.14 , pp. 1714-1720
    • Sicouri, S.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 135
    • 0027330110 scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced afterdepolarizations and triggered activity occur in a discrete subpopulation of ventricular muscle cell (M cells) in the canine heart. Quinidine and digitalis
    • Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Drug-induced afterdepolarizations and triggered activity occur in a discrete subpopulation of ventricular muscle cell (M cells) in the canine heart. Quinidine and digitalis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1993;4:48-58.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.4 , pp. 48-58
    • Sicouri, S.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 136
    • 0025860749 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of time-dependent outward current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Balser JR, Bennett PB, Hondeghem LM, Roden DM. Suppression of time-dependent outward current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1991;69:519-529.
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.69 , pp. 519-529
    • Balser, J.R.1    Bennett, P.B.2    Hondeghem, L.M.3    Roden, D.M.4
  • 138
    • 8244220359 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of a cloned, human potassium channel expressed in xenopus oocytes
    • Krafte DS, Dugrenier N, Dillon K, Volberg WA. Electrophysiological properties of a cloned, human potassium channel expressed in xenopus oocytes (abstr). Biophys J 1992; 61:A378.
    • (1992) Biophys J , vol.61
    • Krafte, D.S.1    Dugrenier, N.2    Dillon, K.3    Volberg, W.A.4
  • 139
    • 0027237887 scopus 로고
    • + currents in isolated human ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure
    • + currents in isolated human ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure. Circ Res 1993;73:379-385.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.73 , pp. 379-385
    • Beuckelmann, D.J.1    Nabauer, M.2    Erdmann, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.