Genes and chromosomes in chronic B-cell leukemia

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics

Volumn 94, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 44-51

  Crossen, Peter E ^a  

^a CHRISTCHURCH HOSPITAL   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B CELL LEUKEMIA; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHROMOSOME 11P; CHROMOSOME 11Q; CHROMOSOME 12; CHROMOSOME 6Q; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION 13; CHRONIC LEUKEMIA; CYTOGENETICS; GENETIC LINKAGE; HUMAN; LEUKEMOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; TRISOMY;

EID: 0030896465     PISSN: 01654608     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-4608(96)00253-1     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Juliusson G, Oscier DG, Fitchett M, Ross FM, Stockdill G, Mackie MJ, Parker AC, Castoldi GL, Cuneo A, Knuntila S, Elonen E, Gahrton G (1990): Prognostic subgroups in B-cell chronic lymphocyte leukemia defined by specific chromosomal abnormalities. New Eng J Med 323:720-724.
2. Perez-Losada A, Wessman M, Tiainen M, Hopman AH, Willard HF, Sole F, Caballin MR, Woessner S, Knuutila S (1991): Trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an interphase cytogenetic study. Blood 78:775-779.
3. Anastasi J, Le Beau MM, Vardiman JW, Fernald AA, Larson RA, Rowley JD (1992): Detection of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by fluorescence in situ hybridization to interphase cells: a simple and sensitive method. Blood 79:1796-1801.
4. Raghoebier S, Kibbelaar RE, Kleiverda JK, Kluin-Nelemans JC, van Krieken JH, Kok F, Kluin PM (1992): Mosaicism of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia detected by non-radioactive in situ hybridization. Leukemia 6:1220-1226.
5. Cuneo A, Wlodarska I, Saved Aly M, Piva N, Carli MG, Fagioli F, Tallarico A, Pazzi I, Ferrari L, Cassiman JJ, Van den Berghe H, Castoldi GL (1992): Non-radioactive in situ hybridization for the detection and monitoring of trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 81:192-196.
6. Döhner H, Pohl S, Bulgay-Mörschel M, Stilgenbauer S, Bentz M, Lichter P (1993): Trisomy 12 in chronic lymphoid leukemias - a metaphase and interphase cytogenetic analysis. Leukemia 7:516-520.
7. Que TH, Marco JG, Ellis J, Matutes E, Bahapulle VB, Boyle S, Catovsky D (1993): Trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization: analysis by stage, immunophenotype, and morphology. Blood 82:571-575.
8. Escudier SM, Pereira-Leahy JM, Drach JW, Weier HU, Goodacre AM, Cork MA, Trujillo JM, Keating MJ, Andreeff M (1993): Fluorescent in situ hybridization and cytogenetic studies of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 81:2702-2707.
9. Reining G, Clodi K, Konig M, Geissler K, Haas OA, Mannhalter C (1994): Detection of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: comparison of a polymerase chain reaction based technique with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Brit J Haemat 87:843-845.
10. Witzig TE, Borell TJ, Herath JF, Tefferi A, Li CY, Jenkins RB (1994): Detection of trisomy 12 by FISH in untreated B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with stage and CD20 antigen expression intensity. Leukemia Lymphoma 14:447-451.
11. Knauf WU, Knuutila S, Zeigmeister B, Thiel E (1995): Trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with advanced disease, atypical morphology, high levels of sCD25, and with refractoriness to treatment. Leukemia Lymphoma 19:289-294.
12. Kwong YL, Pang J, Ching LM, Liu HW, Liang RH, Chan LC (1994): Trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. An interphase cytogenetic study by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 72:83-85.
13. Arif M, Tanaka K, Asou H, Ohno R, Kamada N (1995): Independent clones of trisomy 12 and retinoblastoma gene deletion in Japanese B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization, Leukemia 9:1822-1827.
14. Finn WG, Thangavelu M, Yelavarthi KK, Goolsby CL, Tallman MS, Traynor A, Peterson LC (1996): Karyotype correlates with peripheral blood morphology and immuneophenotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Path 105:458-467.
15. Baker BW, Heighway J, Browett PJ, Norton JD (1993): A polymerase chain reaction-based method for the detection of trisomy 12 in B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 85:179-181.
16. Knuutila S, Elonen E, Teerenhovi L, Rossi L, Leskinen R, Bloomfield CD, De la Chapelle A (1986): Trisomy 12 in B cells of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. New Eng J Med 314:865-869.
17. Garcia-Marco J, Matutes E, Morilla R, Ellis J, Oscier D, Fantes J, Catovsky D, Price CM (1994): Trisomy 12 in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: assessment of lineage restriction by simultaneous analysis of immunophenotype and genotype in interphase cells by fluorescence hybridization. Brit J Haemat 87:44-50.
18. Jabbar SAB, Ganeshaguru K, Wickremasinghe RG, Hoffbrand AV, Foroni L (1995): Deletion of chromosome 13 (band q14) but not trisomy 12 is a clonal event in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Brit J Haemat 90:476-478.
19. Mould S, Gardiner A, Corcoran M, Oscier DG (1996): Trisomy 12 and structural abnormalities of 13q14 in the same clone in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 92:389-392.
20. Crossen PE, Horn HL (1987): Origin of trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 28:185-186.
21. Mecucci C, Delannoy A, Van den Berghe H (1988): The origin of trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 36:203-204.
22. Gahrton G, Robert K-H, Friberg K, Juliusson G, Biberfield P, Zech L (1982): Gytogenetic mapping of the duplicated segment of chromosome 12 in lymphoproliferative disorders. Nature 297:513-515.
23. Fitchett M, Griffiths MJ, Oscier DG, Johnson S, Seabright M (1987): Chromosome abnormalities in involving band 13q14 in hematological malignancies. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 24:143-150.
24. Juliusson G, Oscier D, Gharton G (1991): Cytogenetic findings and survival in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Second IWCCLL compilation of data on 662 patients. Leukemia Lymphoma Suppl 5:21-25.
25. Liu Y, Grandér D, Söderhäll S, Juliusson G, Gahrton G, Einhorn S (1992): Retinoblastoma gene deletions in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosom Cancer 4:250-256.
26. Dohner H, Pilz T, Fischer K, Cabot G, Diehl D, Fink T, Stilgenbauer S, Bentz M, Lichter P (1994): Molecular cytogenetic analysis of RB-1 deletons in chronic B-cell leukemias. Leuk & Lymph 16:97-103.
27. Stilgenbauer S, Dohner H, Bulgay-Morschel M, Weitz S, Bentz M, Lichter P (1993): High frequency of monallelic retinoblastoma gene deletion in B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia shown by interphase cytogenetics. Blood 81:2118-24.
28. Neubauer A, de Kant E, Rochlitz C, Laser J, Zanetta AM, Gallardo J, Oertel J, Herrmann R, Hun D (1993): Altered expression of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 85:498-503.
29. Kornblau SM, Chen N, de Giglio A, O'Brien S, Deisseroth AB (1994): Retinoblastoma protein expression is frequently altered in chronic lymphoctic leukemia. Cancer Res 54: 242-246.
30. Newcomb EW, Thomas A, Selkirk A, Lee SY, Potmesil M (1995): Frequent homozygous deltions of D13S218 on 13q14 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia independent of disease stage and retinoblastoma gene inactivation. Cancer Res 55:2044-2047.
31. Kay NE, Suen R, Ranheim E, Peterson LC (1993): Confirmation of Rb gene defects in B-CLL clones and evidence for variable predominance of the Rb defective cells within the CLL clone. Brit J Haemat 84:257-264.
32. Brown AG, Ross FM, Dunn EM, Steele CM, Weir-Thompson EM (1993): Evidence for a new tumour suppressor locus (DBM) in human B-cell neoplasia telomeric to the retinoblastoma gene. Nature Genetics 3:67-72.
33. Liu Y, Szekely L, Grander D, Soderhall S, Juliusson G, Gahrton G, Linder S, Einhorn S (1993): Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with allelic deletions at 13q14 commonly have one intact RB1 gene: evidence for a role of an adjacent locus. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 90:8697-8701.
34. Hawthorn LA, Chapman R, Oscier D, Cowell JK (1993): The consistent 13q14 translocation breakpoint seen in chronic B-cell leukemia (BCLL) involves deletion of the D13S25 locus which lies distal to the retinoblastoma predisposition gene. Oncogene 8:1415-1419.
35. Chapman RM, Corcoran MM, Gardiner A, Hawthorn LA, Cowell JK, Oscier DG (1994): Frequent homozygous deltions of the D13S25 locus in chromosome region 13q14 defines the location of a gene critical in leukemogenesis in chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 9:1289-1293.
36. Stilgenbauer S, Leupolt E, Ohl S, Weiss G, Schroder M, Fischer K, Bentz M, Lichter P, Dohner H (1995): Heterogeneity of deletions involving RB-1 and the D13S25 locus in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Res 55:3475-3477.
37. Liu Y, Hermanson M, Grander D, Merup M, Wu X, Heyman M, Rasool O, Juliusson G, Gahrton G, Detlofsson R, Nikiforova N, Buys C, Söderall S, Yankovsky N, Zabarovsky E, Einhorn S (1995): 13q deletions in lymphoid malignancies. Blood 86:1911-1915.
38. Devilder MC, Francois S, Bosic C, Moreau A, Mallerin MP, Le Paslier D, Bataille R, Moisan JP (1995) Deletion cartography around the D13S25 locus in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and accurate mapping of the involved tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res 55:1355-1357.
39. Juliusson G, Gahrton G, Einhorn S, Liu Y, Oscier DG, Chapman R (1993): Chromosome abnormalities and RB1 gene deletions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 82:1938-1939.
40. Croce CM, Nowell PC (1985): Molecular basis of human B-cell neoplasia. Blood 65:1-7.
41. Rechavi G, Katizir N, Brok-Simoni F, Holtzman F, Gurfinkle N, Givol D, Ben-Bassat I, Ramot B (1989): A search for bd-1, bcl2, and c-myc oncogene rearrangements on chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 3:57-60.
42. Adachi M, Tefferi A, Greip PR, Kipps TJ, Tsujimoto Y (1990): Preferential linkage of BCL-2 to immunoglobulin light chain gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 171:559-564.
43. Van Krieken JHJM, McKeithan TW, Raghoebier S, Medeiros LJ, Kluin PM, Raffeld M (1990): Chromosomal translocation t(14;19) as indicted by bcl-3 rearrangement is a rare phenomenon in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a molecular genetic analysis of 176 cases. Leukemia 4:811-812.
44. Raghoebier S, van Kreiken JHJM, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Gillis A, van Ommen GJB, Ginsberg AM, Raffeld M, Klui PhM (1991): Oncogene rearrangements in B-cell leukemia. Blood 77:1560-1564.
45. Schena M, Larsson LG, Gottardi D, Gaidano G, Carlsson M, Nillson K, Caligaris-Capio F (1992): Growth- and differentiation-associated expression of bcl-2 in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 79:2981-2989.
46. Mariano MT, Moretti L, Donelli A, Grantin M, Montagnani G, Di Prisco AU, Torelli G, Torelli U, Narni F (1992): bcl-2 gene expression in hematopoetic cell differention. Blood 80:768-775.
47. Hanada M, Delia D, Aiello A, Stadtmauer E, Reed JC (1993): bcl-2 gene hypomethylation and high level expression in B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 82:1820-1828.
48. Crossen PE, Morrison MJ (1993): Lack of 5′ blc-2 rearrangements in B-cell leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 69:72-73.
49. Dyer NJ, Zani VJ, Lu WZ, O'Byrne A, Mould S, Chapman R, Heward JM, Kayano H, Jadayel D, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Oscier DG (1994): BCL2 translocation in leukemias of mature B-cells. Blood 83:3682-3688.
50. Gaidano G, Newcomb EW, Gong JZ, Tassi V, Neri A, Cortelezzi A, Calori R, Baldini L, Dalla-Favera R (1994): Analysis of alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American J Path 144:1312-1319.
51. Cuneo A, Balboni M, Piva N, Rigolin GM, Roberti MG, Mejak C, Moretti S, Bigoni R, Balsamo R, Cavazzini P, Castoldi G (1995): Atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia with t(11;14) (q13;q32): karyotype evolution and prolymphocytic transformation. Brit J Haemat 90:409-416.
52. Asou H, Takechi M, Tanaka K, Tashiro S, Dohy H, Ohno R, Kamada N (1993): Japanese B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a cytogenetic and molecular biological study. Brit J Haem 85:492-497.
53. Newman RA, Peterson B, Davey FR, Brabyn C, Collins H, Brunetto VL, Duggan DB, Weiss RB, Royston I, Millard FE, Miller AA, Bloomfield CD (1993): Phenotypic markers and Bcl-1 gene rearrangements in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a cancer and leukemia group B study. Blood 82:1239-1246.
54. Lishner M, Lalkin A, Klein A, Yarkoni S, Manor Y, Fejgin M, Leytin V, Ravid M, Amiel A (1995): The BCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-3 oncogenes are involved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 85:118-223.
55. Rosenberg CL, Wong E, Petty EM, Bale AE, Tsujimoto Y, Harris NL, Arnold A (1991): PRAD1, a candidate BCL1 oncogene: mapping and expression in centrocytic lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 88:9638-9642.
56. Ohno H, Takimoto G, McKeithan TW (1990): The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 is related to genes implicated in cell lineage determination and cell cycle control. Cell 60:991-997.
57. Ohno H, Takimoto G, Diaz M, Rowley JD, McKeithan TW (1989): bcl3, the gene involved in the 14;19 translocation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is related to genes involved in cell cycle control and cell-lineage determination. Blood 74 (Suppl 1):125a.
58. Crossen PE, Kennedy MA, Heaton DC, Morrison M (1993): Cloning and sequencing of a t(14:19) breakpoint that involves the Cμ switch region. Genes Chromosom Cancer 8:60-62.
59. Richardson AL, Humphries CG, Tucker PW (1992): Molecular cloning and characterization of the t(2;14) translocation associated with childhood chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 7:961-970.
60. Fegan C, Robinson H, Thompson P, Whittaker JA, White D (1995): Karyotypic evolution in CLL: identification of a new sub-group of patients with deletions of 11q and advanced or progressive disease. Leukemia 9:2003-2008.
61. Offit K, Parsa NZ, Gaidano G, Filippa DA, Louie D, Pan D, Jhanwar SC, Dalla-Favera R, Changanti RS (1993): 6q deletions define distinct clinico-patholigical subsets of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 82:2157-2162.
62. Bentz M, Huck K, du Manoir S, Joos S, Werner CA, Fischer K, Döhner H, Lichter P (1995): Comparative genomic hybridization in chronic B-cell leukemias shows a high incidence of chromosomal gains and losses. Blood 85:3610-3618.
63. Juliusson G, Friberg K, Gahrton G (1988): Consistency of chromosomal aberrations in chronc B lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 62:500-506.
64. Nowell PC, Moreau L, Growney P, Besa EC (1988): Karyotypic stability in chronic B-cell leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 33:155-160.
65. Oscier D, Fitchett M, Herbert T, Lambert R (1991): Karyotypic evolution B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosom Cancer 3:16-20.
66. Gale RP, Montserrat E (1993): Intensive therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Baillieres' Clin Haem 6:879-885.
67. Prokocimer M, Rotter V (1994): Structure and function of p53 in normal cells and their aberrations in cancer cells: Projection on the hematologic lineages. Blood 84:2391-2411.
68. Fenaux, P, Preudhomme C, Lai JL, Quiqandon I, Jonveau P, Vanrumbeke M, Sartiaux C, Morel P, Loucheux-Lefebvre MH, Bauters F, Berger R, Kerckaert JP (1992): Mutations of the p53 gene in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report on 39 cases with cytogenetic analysis. Leukemia 6:245-250.
69. Wattel E, Preudhomme C, Hecquet B, Vanrumbeke M, Quesnel B, Dervite I, Morel P, Fenaux P (1994): p53 mutations are associated with resistance to chemotherapy and short survival in hematologic malignancies. Blood 84:3148-3157.
70. Gaidano G, Ballerini P, Gong JZ, Inghirami G, Neri A, Newcomb EW, Magrath IT, Knowles DM, Dalla-Favera R (1991): p53 mutations in human lymphoid malignancies; association with Burkitt lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. (USA) 88:5413-5417.
71. El Rouby S, Bayona W, Pisharody SM, Newcomb EW (1992): p53 mutations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Current Topics in Micrbio Immunol 182:313-317.
72. Döhner H, Fischer F, Bentz M, Hansen K, Hansen K, Benner A, Cabot G, Diehl D, Schlenk R, Coy J, Tilgenbauer S, Volkmann M, Galle PR, Poustka A, Hunstein W, Lichter P (1995): p53 gene deletion predicts for the poor survival and non-response to therapy with purine anaolgs inchronic B-cell leukemias. Blood 85:1580-1589.
73. Newcomb EW, el Rouby S, Thomas A (1995): A unique spectrum of p53 mutations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia distinct from that of other lymphoid malignancies. Mol Carcinogenesis 14:227-232.
74. Momand J, Zambetti GP, Olson DC, George D, Levine AJ (1992): the mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. Cell 69:1237-1245.
75. Oliner JD, Kinzler KW, Meltzer PS, George DL, Vogelstein B (1992): Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas. Nature 358:80-83.
76. Watanabe T, Hotta T, Ichikawa A, Kinoshita T, Nagai H, Uchida T, Murate T, Saito H (1994): The MDM2 ocogene over-expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and low-grade lymphoma of B-cell origin. 84:3158-3165.
77. Huang YQ, Raphae B, Buchbinder A, Li JJ, Zhang WG, Friedman-Kien AE (1994): Rearrangement and expression of MDM2 oncogene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Amer J Hemat 47:139-141.
78. 3 multidrug resistance genes in human acute and chronic leukemias and association with stimulation of drug accumulation by cyclosporine. J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1133-1140.
79. Sonneveld P, Nooter K, Burghouts JT, Herweijer H, Adriaansen HJ, van Dongen JJ (1992): High expression of the mdr3 multi-drug-resistance gene in advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 79:1496-1500.
80. Delmer A, Ajchenbaum-Cymbalista F, Tang R, Ramond S, Faussat AM, Marie JP, Zittoun R (1995): Overexpression of Cyclin D2 in chronic B-cell malignancies. Blood 85:2870-2876.
81. Schröder M, Mathieu U, Dreyling MH, Bohlander SK, Hagemeijer A, Beverloo BH, Olopade OI, Stilgenbauer S, Fischer K, Bentz M, Lichter P, Döhner H (1995): CDNK2 gene deletion is not found in chronic lymphoid leukaemias of B- and T-cell origin but is frequent in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 91:861-865.
82. Ink4 (9p21) and DBM(13q14)) in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Molec Carcinogen 14:141-146.
83. Volpe G, Gamberi B, Pastore C, Roetto A, Pautasso M, Parvis G, Camaschella C, Mazza U, Saglio G, Gaidano G (1996): Analysis of microsatellite instability in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Annals Hemat 72:67-71.
84. Gartenhaus R, Johns MM, Wang P, Rai K, Sidransky D (1996): Mutator phenotype in a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 87:38-41.
85. Counter CM, Gupta J, Harley CB, Leber B, Bachetti S (1995): Telomerase activity in normal leucocytes and in hematological malignancies. Blood 85:2315-2320.
86. Walfors J, Hiltunen H, Heinonen K, Hämäläinen E, Alhonen L, Jänne J (1992): Genomic hypomethylation in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 80:2074-2080.
87. Lipsanen V, Leinonen P, Alhonen L, Jänne J (1988): Hypomethylation of the ornithine decarboxylase gene and erb-Al oncogene in human lymphatic leukemia. Blood 72:2042-2044.
88. Gunz FW, Gunz JP, Veale AMO, Chapman CJ, Houston IB (1975): Familial leukemia: a study of 909 families. Scand J Haemat 15:117-131.
89. Finch SC, Linet MS (1992): Chronic Leukaemias. Bailliere's Clin Haem 5:27-56.
90. Nishiyama H, Mokuna J, Inoue T (1969): Relative frequency and mortality rates of various types of leukemia in Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res 60:71-81.
91. Korsmeyer SJ (1985): Hierachy of immunoglubulin gene rearrangements in B-cell leukemia. Ann Intern Med 102:497-510.
92. Foroni L, Catovsky D, Luzzatto L (1984): DNA rearrangements of immunoglubulin genes correlates with phenotypic markers in B-cell malignancies. Mol Biol Med 2:63-79.
93. Soper L, Bernhardt A, Eisenberg B, Cacciapaglia L, Sanda A, Baird M, Silver R, Benn P (1988): Clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A correlative study. Amer J Hemat 27:257-264.
94. Rechavi G, Mandel M, Katizer N, Brok-Simoni F, Hakim I, Holtzman F, Miniaminov M, Givol D, Ben-Bassat I, Ramot B (1989): Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: correlation with clinical stage. Brit J Haemat 72:524-529.
95. Lenormand B, Ghanem N, Tilly H, Boussemart C, Monoconduit M, Piguit H, Lefranc G, Lefranc M-P (1991): Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain genes and correlation with phenotypic markers in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 5:928-936.
96. Crossen PE, Tully SM, Benjes SM, Hollings PE, Beard MEJ, Nimmo JC, Morrison MJ (1993): Oligoclonal B-cell leukemia characterized by spontaneous cell division and telomere association. Genes Chromosom Cancer 8:49-59.
97. Kipps TJ, Carson DA (1993): Autoantibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related systemic autoimmune diseases. Blood 81:2475-2487.
98. Robert K-H, Gahrton G, Friebert K, Zech L, Nilsson B (1982): Extra chromosome 12 and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Scand J Haemat 28:163-168.
99. Pitman S, Catovsky D (1984) Prognostic significance of chromosome abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haemat 58:649-660.
100. Han T, Ozer H, Sadamori N, Emrich L, Gomez GA, Henderson ES, Bloom ML, Sandberg AA (1984): Prognostic importance of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Eng J Med 310:288-292.
101. Matutes E, Oscier D, Garcia Marco J, Ellis J, Copplestone A, Gillingham R, Hamblin T, Lens D, Swansbury GJ, Catovsky D (1996): Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology: correlation with cytogenetic, clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients. Brit J Haemat 92:382-388.
102. Juliusson G, Robert K-H, Öst Å, Friberg K, Biberfield P, Nilsson B, Zech L, Gahrton G (1985): Prognostic information from cytogenetic analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and leukemc immunocytorna, Blood 65:134-141.
103. Bird ML, Ueshima Y, Rowley JD, Haren JM, Vardiman JW (1989): Chromosome abnormalities in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and their clinical correlations. Leukemia 3:182-191.
104. El Rouby S, Thomas A, Costin D, Rosenberg CR, Potmesil M, Silber R, Newcomb EW (1993): p53 gene mutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associatied with drug resistance and is independent of MDR1/MDR3 gene expression. Blood 82:3452-3459.