Transcriptional control of matrix metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Volumn 7, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 159-178

  Borden, Paula ^a   Heller, Renu A ^b  

^a ROCHE BIOSCIENCE   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

MMP expression; MMP gene structure; MMP promoters; MMP regulation

Indexed keywords

COLLAGENASE; MATRILYSIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; STROMELYSIN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; ENZYME ANALYSIS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN FAMILY; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0030892804     PISSN: 10454403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v7.i1-2.90     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Alexander CM, Werb Z (1991): Extracellular matrix degradation. Cell Biol Extracell Matrix 255-302.
2. Angel P, Baumann I, Stein B, Delius H, Rahmsdorf HJ, Herrlich P (1987a): 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induction of the human collagenase gene is mediated by an inducible enhancer element located in the 5′-flanking region. Mol Cell Biol 7:2256-2266.
3. Angel P, Imagawa M, Chiu R, Stein B, Imbra RJ, Rahmsdorf HJ, Jonat C, Herrlich P, Karin M (1987b): Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49:729-739.
4. Angel P, Karin M (1991): The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1072:129-157.
5. Angel P, Potting A, Mallick U, Rahmsdorf HJ, Schorpp M, Herrlich P (1986): Induction of metallothionein and other mRNA species by carcinogens and tumor promoters in primary human skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 6:1760-1766.
6. Anglard P, Melot T, Guerin E, Thomas G, Basset P (1995): Structure and promoter characterization of human stromelysin-3 gene. J Biol Chem 270:20337-20344.
7. Apte SS, Mattei M-G, Olsen BR (1994): Cloning of the cDNA encoding human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 and mapping of the TIMP-3 gene to chromosome 22. Genomics 19:86-90.
8. Basset P, Bellocq JP, Wolf C, Stoll I, Hutin P, Limacher JM, Podhajcer OL, Chenard MP, Rio MC, Chambon P (1990): A novel metalloproteinase gene specifically expressed in stromal cells of breast carcinomas. Nature 348:699-704.
9. Basset P, Wolf C, Rouyer N, Bellocq JP, Rio MC, Chambon P (1994): Stromelysin-3 in stromal tissue as a control factor in breast cancer behavior. Cancer 74:1045-1049.
10. Belaaouaj A, Shipley JM, Kobayashi DK, Zimonjic DB, Popescu N, Silverman GA, Shapiro SD (1995): Human macrophage elastase: genomic organization, chromosomal location, gene linkage, and tissue-specific expression. J Biol Chem 270:14568-14575.
11. Birkedal-Hansen H, Moore WGI, Bodden MK, Windsor LJ, Birkedal-Hansen B, DeCarlo A, Engler JA (1993): Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 4:197-250.
12. Borden P, Song K, Heller RA (1994): The human stromelysin promoter contains a previously unreported 1.0-kb sequence. Gene 151:315-320.
13. Boujrad N, Ogwuegbu SO, Gamier M, Lee C-H, Martin BM, Papadopoulos V (1995): Identification of a stimulator of steroid hormone synthesis isolated from testis. Science 268:1609-1612.
14. Braunhut SJ, Moses MA (1994): Retinoids modulate endothelial cell production of matrix-degrading proteases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). J Biol Chem 269:13472-13479.
15. Brenner DA, O'Hara M, Angel P, Chojkier M, Karin M (1989): Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 337:661-663.
16. Brinckerhoff CE, Gross RH, Nagase H, Sheldon LA, Jackson RC, Harris ED, Jr (1982): Increased level of translatable collagenase mRNA in rabbit synovial fibroblasts treated with phorbol myristate acetate or crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate. Biochemistry 21: 2674-2679.
17. Brinckerhoff CE, McMillan RM, Dayer J-M, Harris ED, Jr (1980): Inhibition by retinoic acid of collagenase production by rheumatoid synovial cells. N Engl J Med 303:432-435.
18. Brinckerhoff CE, Ruby PL, Austin SD, Fini ME, White HD (1987): Molecular cloning of human synovial cell collagenase and selection of a single gene from genomic DNA. J Clin Invest 79:542-546.
19. Brown PD, Levy AT, Margulies IMK, Liotta LA, Stetler-Stevenson WG (1990): Independent expression and cellular processing of Mr 72,000 Type IV collagenase and interstitial collagenase in human tumorigenic cell lines. Cancer Res 50:6184-6191.
20. Buttice G, Kurkinen M (1993): A polyomavirus enhancer A-binding protein-3 site and Ets-2 protein have a major role in the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate response of the human stromelysin gene. J Biol Chem 268:7196-7204.
21. Buttice G, Quinones S, Kurkinen M (1991): The AP-1 site is required for basal expression but is not necessary for TPA-response of the human stromelysin gene. Nucleic Acids Res 19:3723-3731.
22. Campbell CE, Flenniken AM, Skup D, Williams BRG (1991): Identification of a serum- and phorbol ester-responsive element in the murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase gene. J Biol Chem 266:7199-7206.
23. Chamberlain SH, Hemmer RM, Brinckerhoff CE (1993): Novel phorbol ester response region in the collagenase promoter binds Fos and Jun. J Cell Biochem 52:337-351.
24. Coleman MP, Nemeth AH, Campbell L, Raut CP, Weissenbach J, Davies KE (1994): A 1.8-Mb YAC contig in Xp11.23: identification of CpG islands and physical mapping of CA repeats in a region of high gene density. Genomics 21:337-343.
25. Collier IE, Bruns GAP, Goldberg GI, Gerhard DS (1991): On the structure and chromosome location of the 72- and 92-kDa human type IV collagenase genes. Genomics 9:429-434.
26. Conca W, Willmroth F (1994): Human T lymphocytes express a member of the matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Arthritis Rheum 37:951-956.
27. Coulombe B, Ponton A, Daigneault L, Williams BRG, Skup D (1988): Presence of transcription regulatory elements within an intron of the virus-inducible murine TIMP gene. Mol Cell Biol 8:3227-3234.
28. Damsky CH, Werb A (1992): Signal transduction by integrin receptors for extracellular matrix: cooperative processing of extracellular information. Curr Opin Cell Biol 4:772-781.
29. Dayer J-M, de Rochemonteix B, Burrus B, Demczuk S, Dinarello CA (1986): Human recombinant interleukin-1 stimulates collagenase and prostglandin E2 production by synovial fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 77:645-648.
30. De Clerck Y, Szpirer C, Aly MS, Cassiman JJ, Eeckhout Y, Rousseau G (1992): The gene for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 is localized on human chromosome arm 17q25. Genomics 14:782-784.
31. De Clerck YA, Darville MI, Eeckhout Y, Rousseau GG (1994): Characterization of the promoter of the gene encoding human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). Gene 139:185-191.
32. Delany AM, Brinckerhoff CE (1992): Post-transcriptional regulation of collagenase and stromelysin gene expression by epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone in cultured human fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 50: 400-410.
33. Denhardt DT, Feng B, Edwards DR, Cocuzzi ET, Malyankar UM (1993): Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP, aka EPA): structure, control of expression and biological functions. Pharmacol Ther 59:329-341.
34. Derry JM, Barnard PJ (1992): Physical linkage of the A-raf-1, properdin, synapsin I and TIMP genes on the human and mouse X chromosomes. Genomics 12:632-638.
35. Devarajan P, Mookhtiar K, Wart HV, Berliner N (1991): Structure and expression of the cDNA encoding human neutrophil collagenase. Blood 77:2731-2738.
36. Diamond MI, Miner JN, Yoshinaga SK, Yamamoto KR (1990). Science 249:2241-2246.
37. Docherty AJP, Lyons A, Smith BJ, Wright EM, Stephens PE, Harris TJR (1985): Sequence of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and its identity to erythroid-potentiating activity. Nature 318:66-69.
38. Edwards DR, Murphy G, Reynolds JJ, Whitham SE, Docherty AJP, Angel P, Heath JK (1987): Transforming growth factor β modulates the expression of collagenase and metalloproteinase inhibitor. EMBO J 6:1899-1904.
39. Edwards DR, Rocheleau H, Sharma RR, Wills AJ, Cowie A, Hassell JA, Heath JK (1992): Involvement of AP1 and PEA3 binding sites in the regulation of murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta 1171:41-55.
40. Fini ME, Strissel KJ, Girard MT, Mays JW, Rinehart WB (1994): Interleukin 1 alpha mediates collagenase synthesis stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. J Biol Chem 269:11291-11298.
41. Freije JMP, Diez-Itza I, Balbin M, Sanchez LM, Blasco R, Tolivia J, Lopez-Otin C (1994): Molecular cloning and expression of collagenase-3, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase produced by breast carcinomas. J Biol Chem 269:16766-16773.
42. Frisch SM, Reich R, Collier IE, Genrich LT, Martin G, Goldberg GI (1990): Adenovirus E1A represses protease gene expression and inhibits metastasis of human tumor cells. Oncogene 5:75-83.
43. Frisch SM, Ruley HE (1987): Transcription from the stromelysin promoter is induced by interleukin-1 and repressed by dexamethasone. J Biol Chem 262:16300-16304.
44. Gaire M, Magbanua Z, McConnell S, McNeil L, Lovett DH, Matrisian LM (1994): Structure and expression of the human gene for the matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin. J Biol Chem 269:2032-2040.
45. Gatti RA, Berkel I, Boder E, Braedt G, Charmley P, Concannon P, Ersoy F, Foroud T, Jaspers NGJ, Lange K, Lathrop GM, Leppert M, Nakamura Y, O'Connell P, Paterson M, Salser W, OzdenSanal Silver J, Sparkes R, Susi E, Weeks DE, Wei S, White R, Yoder F (1988): Localization of an ataxia-telangiectasia gene to chromosome 11q22-23. Nature 336:577-580.
46. Gijbels K, Masure S, Carton H, Opdenakker G (1992): Gelatinase in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders. J Neuroimmunol 41:29-34.
47. Gilbels K, Galardy R, Steinman L (1994): Reversal of EAE with a hydroxymate inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. J Clin Invest 94:2177-2182.
48. Gohji K, Fidler IJ, Tsan R, Radinsky R, von Eschenbach AC, Tsuruo T, Nakajima M (1994): Human recombinant interferons-beta and -gamma decrease gelatinase production and invasion by human KG-s renal-carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 58:380-384.
49. Goldberg GI, Strongin A, Collier IE, Genrich LT, Marmer BL (1992): Interaction of 92-kDa type IV collagenase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases prevents dimerization, complex formation with interstitial collagenase, and activation of the proenzyme with stromelysin. J Biol Chem 267:4583-4591.
50. Goldberg GI, Wilhelm SM, Kronberger A, Bauer EA, Grant GA, Eisen AZ (1986): Human fibroblast collagenase. J Biol Chem 261:6600-6605.
51. Gottschalk LR, Giannola DM, Emerson SG (1993): Molecular regulation of the human IL-3 gene: inducible T cell-restricted expression requires intact AP-1 and Elf-1 nuclear protein binding sites. J Exp Med 178:1681-1692.
52. Gutman A, Wasylyk B (1990): The collagenase gene promoter contains a TPA and oncogene-responsive unit encompassing the PEA3 and AP-1 binding sites. EMBO J 9:2241-2246.
53. Halazonetis TD, Georgopolos K, Greenberg ME, Leder P (1988): c-Jun dimerizes with itself and with c-Fos, forming complexes of different DNA binding affinities. Cell 55:917-924.
54. Hasty KA, Hibbs MS, Kang AH, Mainardi CL (1984): Heterogeneity among human collagenases demonstrated by monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes and inhibits human neutrophil collagenase. J Exp Med 159:1455-1463.
55. Hasty KA, Pourmotabbed TF, Goldberg GI, Thompson JP, Spinella DG, Stevens RM, Mainardi CL (1990): Human neutrophil collagenase. J Biol Chem 265:11421-11424.
56. Hayakawa T, Yamashita K, Ohuchi E, Shinagawa A (1994): Cell growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). J Cell Sci 107:2373.
57. Hu E, Mueller E, Oliviero S, Papaioannou VE, Johnson R, Spiegelman BM (1994): Targeted disruption of the c-fos gene demonstrates c-fos-dependent and -independent pathways for gene expression stimulated by growth factors or oncogenes. EMBO J 13:3094-3103.
58. Huhtala P, Chow LT, Tryggvason K (1990): Structure of the human type IV collagenase gene. J Biol Chem 265: 11077-11082.
59. Huhtala P, Tuuttila A, Chow LT, Lohi J, Keski-Oja J, Tryggvason K (1991): Complete structure of the human gene for 92-kDa type IV collagenase. J Biol Chem 266:16485-16490.
60. Jonat C, Rahmsdorf HJ, Park KK, Cato ACB, Gebel S, Ponta H, Herrlich P (1990): Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos-Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone. Cell 62:1189-1204.
61. Kerr LD, Miller DB, Matrisian LM (1990): TGF-β1 inhibition of transin/stromelysin gene expression is mediated through a Fos binding sequence. Cell 61:267-278.
62. Kim S-J, Lee H-D, Robbins PD, Busam K, Sporn MB, Roberts AB (1991): Regulation of transforming growth factor β1 gene expression by the product of the retinoblastomasusceptibility gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88:3052-3056.
63. Kishnani NS, Staskus PW, Yang T-T, Masiarz FR, Hawkes SP (1995): Identification and characterization of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 and detection of three additional metalloproteinase inhibitor activities in extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 14:479-488.
64. Knight JC, Grimaldi G, Thiesen HJ, Bech-Hansen NT, Fletcher CDM, Coleman MP (1994): Clustered organization of Krueppel Zinc-finger genes at Zp11.23, flanking a translocation breakpoint at OATL1: a physical map with locus assignments for ZNF21, ZNF41, ZNF81 and ELK1. Genomics 21:180-187.
65. Kohn EC, Jacobs W, Kim YS, Alessandro R, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Liotta LA (1994): Calcium influx modulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (72-kDA type IV collagenase, gelatinase A). J Biol Chem 269:21505-21511.
66. Lacraz S, Dayer J-M, Nicod L, Welgus HG (1994a): 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 dissociates production of interstitial collagenase and 92-kDa gelatinase in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Biol Chem 269:6485-6490.
67. Lacraz S, Isler P, Vey E, Welgus HG, Dayer J-M (1994b): Direct contact between T lymphocytes and monocytes is a major pathway for induction of metalloproteinase expression. J Biol Chem 269:22027-22033.
68. Lafyatis R, Kim S-J, Angel P, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Karin M, Wilder RL (1990): Interleukin-1 stimulates and alltrans-retinoic acid inhibits collagenase gene expression through its 5′ activator protein-1 binding site. Mol Endocrinol 4:973-980.
69. Leco KJ, Khokha R, Pavloff N, Hawkes SP, Edwards DR (1994): Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with a distinctive pattern of expression in mouse cells and tissues. J Biol Chem 269:9352-9360.
70. Levy A, Zucman J, Delattre O, Mattel MG, Rio MC, Basset P (1992): Assignment of the human stromelysin 3 (STMY3) gene to the q11.2 region of chromosome 22. Genomics 13:881-883.
71. Logan SK, Garabedian MJ, Campbell CE, Werb Z (1996): Synergistic transcriptional activation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 promoter via functional interaction of AP-1 and Ets-1 transcription factors. J Biol Chem 271:774-782.
72. Lyons JG, Birkedal-Hansen B, Pierson MC, Whitelock JM, Birkedal-Hansen H (1993): Interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-α/epidermal growth factor induce expression of Mr 95,000 type IV collagenase/gelatinase and interstitial fibroblast-type collagenase by rat mucosal keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 268:19143-19151.
73. Maier R, Ganu V, Lotz M (1993): Interleukin-11, an inducible cytokine in human articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes, stimulates the production of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 268:21527-21532.
74. Mallya SK, Mookhtiar KA, Gao Y, Brew K, Dioszegi M, Birkedal-Hansen H, Van Wan HE (1990): Characterization of 58-kilodalton human neutrophil collagenase: comparison with human fibroblast collagenase. Biochemistry 29:10628-10634.
75. Mathern P, Goldmuntz EA, Du Y, Zha H, Cash JM, Crofford LJ, Wilder RL, Remmers EF (1994): Nine polymorphic markers characterized by polymerase chain reaction techniques form two linkage groups on rat chromosome 8. Cytogenet Cell Genet 66:283-286.
76. Mathey-Prevot B, Andrews NC, Murphy HS, Kreissman SG, Nathan DG (1990): Positive and negative element regulate human interleukin 3 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5046-5050.
77. Matrisian LM, Hogan BLM (1990): Growth factor-regulated proteases and extracellular matrix remodeling during mammalian development. Curr Top Dev Biol 24:219-259.
78. Matrisian LM, Leroy P, Ruhlmann C, Gesnel M-C, Breathnach R (1986): Isolation of the oncogene and epidermal growth factor-induced transin gene: complex control in rat fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 6:1679-1686.
79. Mauviel A, Halcin C, Vasiloudes P, Parks WC, Kurkinen M, Uitto J (1994): Uncoordinate regulation of collagenase, stromelysin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase genes by prostaglandin E2: selective enhancement of collagenase gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts in culture. J Cell Biochem 54:465-472.
80. McDonnell S, Wright JH, Gaire M, Matrisian LM (1994): Expression and regulation of stromelysin and matrilysin by growth factors and oncogenes. Biochem See Trans 22:58-63.
81. McDonnell SE, Kerr LD, Matrisian LM (1990): Epidermal growth factor stimulation of stromelysin mRNA in rat fibroblasts requires induction of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun and activation of protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 10:4284-4293.
82. Mignon C, Okada A, Mattei MG, Basset P (1995): Assignment of the human membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP14) gene to 14q11-q12 by in situ hybridization. Genomics 28:360-361.
83. Mitchell PG, Cheung HS (1993): Protein kinase regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated collagenase and stromelysin message levels in chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 196:1133-1142.
84. Mitchell PG, Magna HA, Reeves LM, Lopresti-Morrow LL, Yocum SA, Rosner PJ, Geohagan, Hambor JE (1996): Cloning, expression and type II collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 from human osteoarthritic cartilage. J Clin Invest 97:761-768.
85. Mohtai M, Smith RL, Schurman DJ, Tsuji Y, Torti FM, Hutchinson NI, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Goldberg GI (1993): Expression of 92-kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase (gelatinase B) in osteoarthritic cartilage and its induction in normal human articular cartilage by interleukin 1. J Clin Invest 92:179-185.
86. Murphy G, Segain JP, O'Shea M, Cockett M, Ioannou C, Lefebvre O, Chambon P, Basset P (1993): The 28-kDa N-terminal domain of mouse stromelysin-3 has the general properties of a weak metalloproteinase. J Biol Chem 268:15435-15441.
87. Nerlov C, De Cesare D, Pergola F, Caracciolo A, Blasi F, Johnsen M, Verde P (1992): A regulatory element that mediates co-operation between a PEA3-AP-1 element and an AP-1 site is required for phorbol ester induction of urokinase enhancer activity in HepG2 hepatoma cells. EMBO J 11:4573-4582.
88. Nicholson RC, Mader S, Nagpal S, Leid M, Rochette-Egly C, Chambon P (1990): Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site. EMBO J 9:4443-4454.
89. Noel A, Santavicca M, Stoll I, L'Hoir C, Staub A, Murphy G, Rio M-C, Basset P (1995): Identification of structural determinants controlling human and mouse stromelysin-3 proteolytic activities. J Biol Chem 270:22866-22872.
90. Overall CM, Wrana JL, Sodek J (1989): Independent regulation of collagenase, 72-kDa progelatinase, and metalloendo-proteinase inhibitor expression in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β. J Biol Chem 264:1860-1869.
91. Partridge NC, Jeffrey JJ, Ehlich LS, Teitelbaum SL, Fliszar C, Welgus HG, Kahn AJ (1987): Hormonal regulation of the production of collagenase and osteogenic sarcoma cells. Endocrinology 120:1956-1962.
92. Pendas AM, Matilla T, Estivill X, Lopez-Otin C (1995): The human collagenase-3 (CLG3) gene is located on chromosome 1q22.3 clustered to other members of the matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Genomics 26:615-618.
93. Quinn CO, Scott DK, Brinckerhoff CE, Matrisian LM, Jeffrey JJ, Partridge NC (1990): Rat collagenase: cloning, amino acid sequence comparison, and parathyroid hormone regulation in osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 265:22342-22347.
94. Quinones S, Buttice G, Kurkinen M (1994): Promoter elements in the transcriptional activation of the human stromelysin-1 gene by the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1. Biochem J 302:471-477.
95. Quinones S, Saus J, Otani Y, Harris ED, Jr, Kurkinen M (1989): Transcriptional regulation of human stromelysin. J Biol Chem 264:8339-8344.
96. 2 in induction of IL-6 expression in human fibroblasts. Cytokine 6:40-47.
97. Rodgers WH, Matrisian LM, Giudice LC, Dsupin B, Cannon P, Svitek C, Gorstein F, Osteen KG (1994): Patterns of matrix metalloproteinase expression in cycling endometrium imply differential functions and regulation by steroid hormones. J Clin Invest 94:946-953.
98. Romanic AM, Madri JA (1994): The induction of 72-kDa gelatinase in T cells upon adhesion to endothelial cells is VCAM-1 dependent. J Cell Biol 125:1165-1178.
99. Santoro M, Battaglia C, Zhang L, Carlomagno F, Martelli ML, Salvatore D, Fusco A (1994): Cloning of the rat tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 2 (TIMP-2) gene: analysis of its expression in normal and transformed thyroid cells. Exp Cell Res 213:398-404.
100. Sanz L, Berra E, Municio MM, Dominguez I, Lozano J, Johansen T, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT (1994): Zeta-PKC plays a critical role during stromelysin promoter activation by platelet-derived growth factor through a novel palindromic element. J Biol Chem 269:10044-10049.
101. Sanz L, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT (1995): Molecular characterization of a novel transcription factor that controls stromelysin expression. Mol Cell Biol 15:3164-3170.
102. Sato H, Kita M, Seiki M (1993): v-src activates the expression of 92-kDa type IV collagenase gene through the AP-1 site and the GT box homologous to retinoblastoma control elements. J Biol Chem 268:23460-23468.
103. Sato H, Seiki M (1992): Regulatory mechanism of 92 kDa type IV collagenase gene expression. Oncogene 8:395-405.
104. Sato H, Takino T, Kada Y, Cao J, Shinagawa A, Yamamoto E, Seiki M (1994): A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells. Nature 370:61-65.
105. Savoysky E, Mizuno T, Sowa Y, Watanabe H, Sawada I, Nomura H, Ohsugi Y, Handa H, Sakai T (1994): The retinoblastoma binding factor 1 (RBF-1) site in RB gene promoter binds preferentially E4TF1, a member of the Ets transcription factors family. Oncogene 9:1839-1846.
106. Schule R, Rangarajan P, Kliewer S, Ransone LJ, Bolado J, Yang N, Verma IM, Evans RM (1990): Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 62:1217-1226.
107. Sciavolino PJ, Lee TH, Vilcek J (1994): Interferon-β induces metalloproteinase mRNA expression in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 269:21627-21634.
108. Scott DK, Brakenhoff KD, Clohisy JC, Quinn CO, Partridge NC (1992): Parathyroid hormone induces transcription of collagenase in rat osteoblastic cells by a mechanism using cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate and requiring protein synthesis. Mol Endocrinol 6:2153-2159.
109. Shapiro SD, Griffin GL, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Welgus HG, Senior RM, Ley TJ (1992): Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and bacterial expression of a murine macrophage metalloelastase. J Biol Chem 267:4664-4671.
110. Shapiro SD, Kobayashi DK, Ley TJ (1993a): Cloning and characterization of a unique elastolytic metalloproteinase produced by human alveolar macrophages. J Biol Chem 268:23824-23829.
111. Shapiro SD, Kobayashi DK, Pentland AP, Welgus HG (1993b): Induction of macrophage metalloproteinases by extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 268:8170-8175.
112. Silbiger SM, Jacobsen VL, Cupples RL, Koski RA (1994): Cloning of cDNAs encoding human TIMP-3, a novel member of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase family. Gene 141:293-297.
113. Sirum KL, Brinckerhoff CE (1989): Cloning of the genes for human stromelysin and stromelysin 2: differential expression in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Biochemistry 28:8691-8698.
114. Sirum-Connolly K, Brinckerhoff CE (1991): Interleukin-1 or phorbol induction of the stromelysin promoter requires an element that cooperates with AP-1. Nucleic Acids Res 19:335-341.
115. Spurr NK, Gough AC, Gosden J, Rout D, Porteous DJ, VanHeyningen V, Docherty AJP (1988): Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and assignment of the metalloproteinases stromelysin and collagenase to the long arm of chromosome 11. Genomics 2:119-127.
116. St. Jean PL, Zhang XC, Hart BK, Lamlum H, Webster MW, Steed DL, Henney AM, Ferrell RE (1995): Characterization of a dinucleotide repeat in the 92 kDa type IV collagenase gene (CLG4B), localization of CLG4B to chromosome 20 and the role of CLG4B in aortic aneurysmal disease. Ann Hum Genet 59:17-24.
117. Steinman L (1996): Multiple sclerosis: a coordinated immunological attack against myelin in the central nervous system. Cell 85:299-302.
118. Strongin AY, Collier I, Bannikov G, Marmer BI, Grant GA, Goldberg GI (1995): Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72 kDa type IV collagenase: isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J Biol Chem 270:5331-5338.
119. Sun Y, Hegamyer G, Kim H, Sithanandam K, Li H, Watts R, Colburn N (1995): Molecular cloning of mouse tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 and its promoter. J Biol Chem 270:19312-19319.
120. Takino T, Sato H, Shinagawa A, Seiki M (1995): Identification of the second membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP-2) gene from a human placenta cDNA library. J Biol Chem 270:23013-23020.
121. Tsai M-J, O'Malley BW (1994): Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members. Annu Rev Biochem 63:451-486.
122. Uchijima M, Sato H, Fujii M, Seiki M (1994): Tax proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and 2 induce expression of the gene encoding erythroid-potentiating activity (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TIMP-1). J Biol Chem 269:14946-14950.
123. Uria JA, Ferrando AA, Velasco G, Freije JMP, Lopez-Otin C (1994): Structure and expression in breast tumors of human TIMP-3, a new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. Cancer Res 54:2091-2094.
124. Van Heyningen V, Little PFR (1995): Report of the fourth international workshop on human chromosome 11 mapping 1994. Cytogenet Cell Genet 69:127-158.
125. Wahl SM, Allen JB, Weeks BS, Wong HL, Klotman PE (1993): Transforming growth factor β enhances integrin expression and type IV collagenase secretion in human monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4577-4581.
126. Wang C-Y, Bassuk AG, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Bravo R, Leiden JM (1994): Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 14:1153-1159.
127. Wang CY, Petryniak B, Thompson CB, Kaelin WG, Leiden JM (1993): Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein. Science 260:1330-1335.
128. Wasylyk B, Hahn SL, Giovane A (1993): The Ets family of transcription factors. Eur J Biochem 211:7-18.
129. Wasylyk B, Wasylyk C, Flores P, Begue A, Leprince D, Stehelin D (1990): The c-ets proto-oncogenes encode transcription factors that cooperate with c-Fos and c-Jun for transcriptional activation. Nature 346:191-193.
130. Wasylyk C, Flores P, Gutman A, Wasylyk B (1989): PEA3 is a nuclear target for transcription activation by non-nuclear oncogenes. EMBO J 8:3371-3378.
131. Wasylyk C, Gutman A, Nicholson R, Wasylyk B (1991): The c-Ets oncoprotein activates the stromelysin promoter through the same elements as several non-nuclear oncoproteins. EMBO J 10:1127-1134.
132. Weber BHF, Vogt G, Pruett RC, Stoehr H, Felbor U (1994): Mutations in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) in patients with Sorsby's fundus dystrophy. Nat Genet 8:352-356.
133. Whitham SE, Murphy G, Angel P, Rahmsdorf HJ, Smith BJ, Lyons A, Harris TJR, Reynolds JJ, Herrlich P, Docherty AJP (1986): Comparisons of human stromelysin and collagenase by cloning and sequence analysis. Biochem J 240:913-916.
134. Wick M, Bürger C, Bruesselbach S, Lucibello FC, Müller R (1994): A novel member of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) gene family is regulated during G1 progression, mitogenic stimulation, differentiation and senescence. J Biol Chem 269:18953-18960.
135. Wilhelm SM, Collier IE, Marmer BL, Eisen AZ, Grant GA, Goldberg GI (1989): SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts secrete a 92-kDa type IV collagenase which is identical to that secreted by normal human macrophages. J Biol Chem 264:17213-17221.
136. Will H, Hinzmann B (1995): cDNA sequence and mRNA tissue distribution of a novel human matrix metalloproteinase with a potential transmembrane segment. Eur J Biochem 231:602-608.
137. Wright JK, Clark IM, Cawston TE, Hazleman BL (1991): The secretion of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by human synovial fibroblasts is modulated by all trans-retinoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 1133:25-30.
138. Yang-Feng TL, Berliner N, Deverajan P, Johnston J (1991): Assignment of two human neutrophil secondary granule protein genes, transcobalamin I and neutrophil collagenase, to chromosome 11. Cytogenet Cell Genet 58:1974.
139. Zabel U, Schreck R, Baeuerle PA (1991): DNA binding of purified transcription factor NF-kB. J Biol Chem 266:252-260.