Numerical simulation of turbidity current flow and sedimentation: I. Theory

Sedimentology

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 67-84

  Zeng, Jianjun ^a   Lowe, Donald R ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER MODELLING; FLUID FLOW; GRAIN SIZE; SEDIMENTATION; TURBIDITY CURRENT FLOW;

EID: 0030888620     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1997.tb00424.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Akiyama, J. and Fukushima, Y. (1985) Entrainment of non cohesive bed sediment into suspension. External Memo. No. M-195. St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota.
2. Akiyama, J. and Stefan, H. (1985) Turbidity current with erosion and deposition. J. hydraul. Eng., 11, 1473-1497.
3. Allen, J.R.L. (1982) Sedimentary Structures, Their Character and Physical Basis. Developments in Sedimentology, 30B. Elsevier, New York.
4. Allen, J.R.L. (1984) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London.
5. Bowen, A.J., Normark, W.R. and Piper, D.J.W. (1984) Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California continental Borderland. Sedimentology, 31, 169-185.
6. Brinkman, H.C. (1952) The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions. J. chem. Phys., 20, 571-573.
7. Celik, I. (1982) Numerical modeling of sediment transport in open channel flows. In: Proceedings of Euromech 156/Mechanics of Sediment Transport (Ed. by B. M. Sumer and A. Muller), pp. 173-180. Istanbul, A. A. Balkema/Rotterdam.
8. Chu, F.H., Pilkey, W.D. and Pilkey, O.H. (1979) An analytical study of turbidity current steady flow. Mar. Geol., 33, 205-220.
9. Costa, J.E. (1988) Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconcentrated flows and debris flows. In: Flood Geomorphology (Ed. by V. R. Baker, R. C. Kochel and P. C. Patton), pp. 113-122. Wiley, New York.
10. Cross, T.A. and Harbaugh, J.W. (1990) quantitative dynamic stratigraphy: a workshop, a philosophy, a methodology. In: Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy (Ed. by T. A. Cross), pp. 3- 20. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
11. Dade, W.B. and Huppert, H.E. (1995) A box model for non-entraining, suspension-driven gravity currents. Sedimentology, 42, 453-471.
12. Dade, W.B., Lister, J.R. and Huppert, H.E. (1994) Finesediment deposition from gravity surges on uniform slopes. J. sedim. Petrol., A64, 423-432.
13. Daly, B.J. and Pracht, W.E. (1968) Numerical study of density-current surges. The Physics of Fluids, 11, 15-30.
14. Dingman, S.L. (1984) Fluvial Hydrology. Freeman, New York.
15. Farris, R.J. (1968) Prediction of the viscosity of multimodal suspensions from unimodal viscosity data. Trans. Sor. Rheol., 12, 281-301.
16. Fidlers, V. and Whitmore, R.L. (1961) The physical interaction of spherical particles in suspensions. Rheologica Acta, Band 1, 4-6, 573-580.
17. Fukushima, Y., Parker, G. and Pantin, H.M. (1985) Prediction of ignitive turbsine Canyon. Mar. Geol., 67, 55-81.
18. Garcia, G. (1991) Deposition turbidity currents laden with poorly sorted sediment. J. hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 120, 1240-1263.
19. Garcia, G. and Parker, G. (1991) Entertainment of bed sediment into suspension. J. hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 117, 414-135.
20. Garcia, M. and Parker, G. (1989) Experiments on hydraulic jumps in turbidity currents near a canyonfan transition. Science, 245, 393-396.
21. Gelfenbaum, G. and Smith, J.D. (1986) Experimental evaluation of a generalized suspended-sediment transport theory. In: Shelf Sands and Sandstone (Ed. by R. J. Knight and J. R. McLean), Mem. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., 2, 133-144.
22. Gibbs, R.J., Mattews, M.D. and Link, D.A. (1971) The relationship between sphere size and settling velocity. J. sedim. Petrol., 41, 7-18.
23. Hampton, M.A. (1975) Competence of fine-grained debris flows. J. sedim. Petrol., 45, 834-844.
24. Heezen, B.C. and Ewing, M. (1955) Orleansville Earthquake and turbidity currents. Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 39, 2505-2514.
25. Heezen, B.C., Ewing, M. and Ericson, D.B. (1954) Reconnaissance survey of the abyssal plain south of Newfoundland. Deep-Sea Res., 2, 122-188.
26. Hiscott, R.N. (1994) Loss of capacity, not competence, as the fundamental process governing deposition from turbidity currents. J. sedim. Res., Sec. A, Sedimentary Petrology and Processes, 64-2, 209-214.
27. Hockney, R.W. and East wood, J.W. (1988) Computer Simulation Using Particles. IOP Publishing, New York.
28. Johnson, M.A. (1966) Application of theory to an Atlantic turbidity current path. Sedimentology, 7, 117-129.
29. Kersey, D.G. and Hsu, K.J. (1976) Energy relations of density-current flow: an experimental investigation. Sedimentology, 23, 761-789.
30. Kirwan, A.D., Doyle, L.J., Bowles, W.D. and Brooks, G.R. (1986) Time-dependent bydrodynamic models of turbidity currents analyzed with data from the Grand Banks and Orleansville Events. J. sedim. Petrol., 56, 379-386.
31. Kneller, B.C. and Branney, M.J. (1995) Sustained high-density turbidity currents and the deposition of thick massive sands. Sedimentology, 42, 607-616.
32. Komar, P.D. (1969) Channelized flow of turbidity currents with application to Monterey deep-sea fan channel. J. geophys. Res., 74, 4544-4558.
33. Komar, P.D. (1971) Hydraulic Jumps in turbidity current flow. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 82, 1477-1488.
34. Komar, P.D. (1977) Computer simulation of turbidity current flow and the study of deep-sea channels and fan sedimentation. In: The Sea, Vol. 6, Marine Modeling (Ed. by E. D. Goldberg, I. N. McCave, J. J. O'Brien and J. H Steele), pp. 603-621. John Wiley, New York.
35. Kuenen, Ph., H. (1952) Turbidity currents of high density. Rep. 18th Int. Geol. Congr. Lond., 8, 44-52.
36. Lee, D.I. (1969) The viscosity of concentrated suspensions. Trans. Soc. Rheol., 13, 273-288.
37. Lowe, D.R. (1982) Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. J. sedim. Petrol., 52, 279-297.
38. Lowe, D.R. (1988) Suspended-load fallout rate as an independent variable in the analysis of current structures. Sedimentology, 35, 765-776.
39. Middleton, G.V. (1966a) Small-scale models of turbidity currents and the criterion for autosuspension. J. sedim. Petrol., 36, 209-220.
40. Middleton, G.V. (1966b) Experiments on density and turbidity currents. II. Uniform flow of density currents. Can. J. Earth Sci., 3, 627-637.
41. Middleton, G.V. (1967) Experiments on density and turbidity currents: III. The deposition of sediment. Can. J. Earth Sci., 4, 475-505.
42. Middleton, G.V. (1970) Experimental studies related to problems of flysch sedimentation. Spec. Pap. Geol. Ass. Can., 7, 253-272.
43. Middleton, G.V. and Southard, J.B. (1984) Sediment gravity flows: mechanics of flow and deposition. In: Turbidites and Deep Water Sedimentation, SEPM. Pac. Sec., Short Course Lecture Notes. pp. 1-38.
44. Mooney, M. (1951) The viscosity of a concentrated suspension of spherical particles. J. Colloid Sci., 6, 162-170.
45. Murray, S.P. (1970) Settling velocities and vertical diffusion of particles in turbulent water. J. geophys. Res., 75, 1647-1654.
46. Pantin, H.M. (1979) Interaction between velocity and effective density in turbidity flow: phase-plane analysis, with criteria for autosuspension. Mar. Geol., 31, 59-99.
47. Pantin, H.M. (1991) A model for ignitive autosuspension in brackish underflows. In: Euromech 262-Sand Transport in Rivers, Estuaries and the Sea (Ed. by R. Soulsby and R. Bettess), pp. 283-291. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
48. Parker, G. (1982) Conditions for the ignition of catastrophically erosive turbidity currents. Mar. Geol., 46, 307-327.
49. Parker, G., Fukushima, Y. and Pantin,H.M. (1986) Self accelerating turbidity currents. J. fluid Mech., 171, 145-181.
50. Parker, G., Garcia, M., Fukushima, Y. and Yu, W (1987) Experiments on turbidity currents over an erodable bed. J. hydraul. Res., 25, 123-147.
51. Pavlovic, R.N., Verge, S. and Misic, B. (1987) Two-dimensional depth-averaged model for the calculation of sediment transport and river bed deformation. In: Turbulence Measurements and Flow Modeling (Ed. by C. J. Chen, L. D. Chen and F. M. Holly), pp. 783-792. Hemisphere Publishing, Washington.
52. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A. and Vetterling, W.T. (1986) Numerical Recipes, the Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press.
53. Prior, D.B., Bornhold, B.D., Wiseman, Wm., J. and Lowe, D.R. (1987) Turbidity current activity in a British Columbia fjord. Science, 237, 1330-1333.
54. Reynolds, S. (1987) A recent turbidity current event, Hueneme Fan, California: reconstruction of flow properties, Sedimentology, 34, 129-137.
55. Richardson, J.F. and Zaki, W.N. (1954) Sedimentation and fluidization, Part I. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs, 32, 35-53.
56. Rouse, H. (1937) Modern conceptions of the mechanics of turbulence. Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 102, 436-505.
57. Shepard, F.P. and Marshall, N.F. (1973) Currents along floors of submarine canyons. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 57, 244-264.
58. Sparks, R.S.J., Bonnecaze, R.T., Huppert, H.E., Lister, J.R., Hallworth, M.A., Mader, H. and Phillips, J. (1993) Sediment-laden gravity currents with reversing buoyancy. Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 114, 243-257.
59. Srinivas, S. (1992) Two-dimensional modeling of flow and sedimentation. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Rice University.
60. Stacey, M.W. and Bowen, A.J. (1988) The vertical structure of turbidity currents: theory and observations, J. geophys, Res., 93, 3528-3542.
61. Stokke, P., Carson, B. and Baker, E. (1977) Comparison of the bottom nepheloid layer and Late Holocene depositional on Nitinat Fan: implications for lutite dispersal and deposition. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 88, 1586-1592.
62. Stow, D.A.V. and Bowen, A.J. (1980) A physical model for the transport and sorting of fine-grained sediment by turbidity currents. Sedimentology, 27, 31-46.
63. Syvitski, J.P.M. and Farrow, G.E. (1988) Fjord Sedimentation as an analogue for small hydrocarbon bearing submarine fans. In: Deltas: Sites and Traps for Fossil Fuels (Ed. by M. K. C. Whateley and K. T. Pickering), Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. Lond., 21-44.
64. Syvitski, J.P.M. (1990) The process-response model in quantitative dynamic stratigraphy. In: Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy (Ed. by T. A. Cross), pp. 309-334. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
65. Tetzlaff, D.M. and Harbaugh, J.W. (1989) Simulating Clastic Sedimentation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
66. Van Andel, Tj.H. and Komar, P.D. (1969) Recent marine sediments of Gulf of California: a symposium. Mem. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 3, 216-310.
67. Van Tassell, J. (1981) Silver abyssal plain carbonate turbidile: flow characteristics. J. Geol., 89, 317-333.
68. Vanoni, V.A. (1941) Some experiments on the transportation of suspended load. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, Sec. Hydrol. 22nd Ann. Mtg. pp. 608-620.
69. Wilde, P. (1965) Estimates of bottom current velocities from grain size measurements for sediments from the Monterey deep-sea fan. Ocean Sci., Ocean Eng., 2, 718-727.
70. Yalin, M.S. (1979) Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Pergamon Press, England.
71. Zeng, J. and Lowe, D.R. (1992) A numerical model for sedimentation from highly concentrated multi-sized suspensions. Math. Geol., 24, 393-414.
72. Zeng, J. (1992) Computer models for turbidity flow sedimentation. Dissertation, Department of Geology, Stanford University.
73. Zeng, J., Lowe, D.R., Prior, D.B., Wiseman, W.J. and Bornhold, B.D. (1991) Flow properties of turbidity currents in Bute Inlet, British Columbia. Sedimentology, 38, 975-996.