Effects of digoxin on time domain measures of heart rate variability in patients with stable chronic cardiac failure: Withdrawal and comparison group studies

International Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 29-36

  Flapan, Andrew D ^a   Goodfield, Nicholas E ^a   Wright, Robert A ^a   Francis, Charles M ^a   Neilson, James M ^a  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Digoxin; Heart rate variability; Neurohumoral modulation; Stable chronic cardiac failure

Indexed keywords

DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; FUROSEMIDE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROMODULATION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AGED; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; DIGOXIN; DIURETICS; ENALAPRIL; FEMALE; FUROSEMIDE; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0030888081     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5273(96)02893-8     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Dargie HJ, McMurray JJV. Diagnosis and management of heart failure. Br Med J 1994;308:321-328.
2. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Co-operative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429-1435.
3. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
4. Cohn JN. Physiological rationale for co-treatment with diuretics in heart failure. Br Heart J 1994;72(Suppl.):S63-S67.
5. Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:303-310.
6. Dies F, Krell MJ, Whitlow P et al. Intermittent dobutamine in ambulatory outpatients with chronic cardiac failure. Circulation 1986;74(Suppl. II):II-38.
7. Krell MJ, Kline EM, Bates ER et al. Intermittent, ambulatory dobutamine infusions in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1986;112:787-791.
8. DiBianco R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, Moran J, Schlant RC, Wright R for the Milrinone Multicenter Trial Group. A comparison of oral milrinone. digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1989;320:677-683.
9. Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-1475.
10. Kukin MT, Massie BM, Hendrix GH et al. Characterization of the proarrhythmic effects of oral milrinone in severe heart failure: the PROMISE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:260A.
11. Packer M, Francis GS, Abrams J et al. Oral milrinone increases the risk of sudden death in severe chronic heart failure: the PROMISE trial. Circulation 1991;84(Suppl. II):II-310.
12. Uretsky BF, Jessup M, Kostuk MA et al. Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure: lack of benefit compared with placebo. Circulation 1990;82:774-780.
13. Goldberg AD, Goldstein S, Nicklas J for the Imazodan Study Group. Multicenter trial of Imazodan in patients with chronic severe heart failure. Circulation 1990;82(Suppl. III):III-673.
14. Remme WJ. Inotropic agents for heart failure: what if digoxin increases mortality. Br Heart J 1994;72(Suppl.):S92-S99.
15. Packer M. The development of positive inotropic agents for chronic heart failure: How have we gone astray. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22(Suppl. A):119A-126A.
16. Poole-Wilson PA, Robinson K. Digoxin-A redundant drug in congestive cardiac failure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989;2:733-741.
17. Gheorghiade M, Hall V, Lakier JB, Goldstein S. Comparative haemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of intravenous captopril and digoxin and their combinations in patients with severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;13:134-142.
18. Gheorghiade M, Zarowitz BJ. Review of randomized trials of digoxin therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:48-63G.
19. Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB et al for the RADIANCE Study. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1-7.
20. Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE, Yellen LG, Harrison MC, King Jolly M, on behalf of the PROVED Investigative Group. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: Results of the PROVED Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:955-962.
21. Gheorghiade M, Ferguson D. Digoxin: a neurohormonal modulator in heart failure? Circulation 1991;84:2181-2186.
22. Ferguson DW Digitalis and neurohormonal abnormalities in heart failure and implications for therapy. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:24G-33G.
23. Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;85:164-171.
24. Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT Jr, Moss AJ, the Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:256-262.
25. Farrell TG, Odemuyiwa O, Bashir Y et al. Prognostic value of baroreflex sensitivity testing after acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1992;67:129-137.
26. The Norwegian Multicenter Study Group. Timolol induced reduction in mortality and re-infarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1981;304:801-807.
27. Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial Research Group. A randomised trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 1. Mortality results. J Am Med Assoc 1982;247:1707-1714.
28. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-677.
29. GISSI-3. Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994;343:1115-1122.
30. ISIS-4 (Fourth International study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative group. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995;345:669-685.
31. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993;343:821-828.
32. Bonaduce D, Marciano F, Petretta M et al. Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on heart period variability in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994;90:108-113.
33. Osterziel KJ, Dietz R, Schmid W, Mikulaschek K, Manthey J, Kubler W. ACE inhibition improves vagal reactivity in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 1990;120:1120-1129.
34. Cook JR, Bigger JT Jr, Kleiger RE, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM. Effect of atenolol and diltiazem on heart period variability in normal persons. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:480-484.
35. Flapan AD, Nolan J, Neilson JMM, Ewing DJ. Effect of captopril on cardiac parasympathetic activity in chronic cardiac failure secondary to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:532-535.
36. Binkley PF, Haas GJ, Starling RC et al. Sustained augmentation of parasympathetic tone with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:655-661.
37. Ewing DJ, Neilson JMM, Travis P. New method for assessing cardiac parasympathetic activity using 24 hour electrocardiograms. Br Heart J 1984;52:396-402.
38. McAreavey D, Neilson JMM, Ewing DJ, Russell DC. Cardiac parasympathetic activity during the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1989;62:165-170.
39. Zuanetti G, Latini R, Neilson JMM, Schwartz PJ, Ewing DJ and the Antiarrhythmic Drug Evaluation Group (ADEG). Heart rate variability in patients with ventricular arrhythmias: effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:604-612.
40. Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:891-898.
41. Krum H, Bigger JT Jr, Goldsmith RL, Packer M. Effect of longterm digoxin therapy on autonomic function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:289-294.
42. Brouwer J, van Veldhuisen DJ, Man in't Veld AJ et al., for the Dutch Ibopamine Multicenter Trial Study Group. Heart rate variability in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: effects of neurohumoral modulation by digoxin and ibopamine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:983-990.
43. Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Rolnitzky LM, Steinman RC. Stability over time of heart period variability in patients with previous myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:718-723.
44. Nolan J, Flapan AD, Goodfield NER et al. Measurement of parasympathetic activity from 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms and its reproducibility and sensitivity in normal subjects, patients with symptomatic myocardial ischaemia and patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:154-158.
45. Gillis RA, Quest JA. The role of the nervous system in the cardiovascular effects of digoxin. Pharmacol Rev 1980;31:19-97.
46. Ferguson DW. Sympathetic mechanisms in heart failure. Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Circulation 1993;87(Suppl.VII):VII-68-VII-75.
47. Sleight P. Importance of cardiovascular reflexes in disease. Am J Med 1988;84(Suppl. 3A):92-96.
48. Ferrari A, Gregorini L, Ferrari MC, Preti L, Mancia G. Digitalis and baroreceptor reflexes in man. Circulation 1981;63:279-285.
49. Ferguson DW, Abboud FM, Mark AL. Selective impairment of baroreflex-mediated vasoconstrictor responses in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 1984;69:451-460.
50. Eckberg DL, Drabinsky M, Braunwald E. Defective cardiac parasympathetic control in patients with heart disease. N Engl J Med 1971;285:877-883.
51. Quest JA, Gillis RA. Effect of digoxin on carotid sinus baroreceptor activity. Circ Res 1974;35:247-255.
52. Watanabe AM. Digitalis and the autonomic nervous system. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:35A-42A.
53. Sleight P, Lall A, Muers M. Reflex cardiovascular effects of epicardial stimulation by acetylstrophanthidin in dogs. Circ Res 1969;25:705-711.
54. Mason DT, Braunwald E. Studies on digitalis: X. Effects of ouabain on forearm vascular resistance and venous tone in normal subjects and patients with heart failure. J Clin Invest 1964;43:532-543.
55. Kaufman ES, Bosner MS, Bigger JT Jr et al. Effects of digoxin and enalapril on heart period variability and response to head-up tilt in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:95-99.
56. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomised trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;321:406-412.
57. Bigger JT Jr, Rolnitzky LM, Steinman RC, Fleiss JL. Predicting mortality after myocardial infarction from the response of RR variability to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23(3):733-740.
58. Nolan J, Flapan AD, Capewell S, Macdonald TM, Neilson JMM, Ewing DJ. Decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity in chronic heart failure and its relationship to left ventricular function. Br Heart J 1992;67:482-486.
59. Ferguson DW, Berg WJ, Sanders JS, Roach PJ, Kempf JS, Kienzle MG. Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients. Direct evidence from sympathetic neural recordings. Circulation 1989;80:65-77.
60. Farrell TG, Bashir Y, Cripps T et al. Risk stratification for arrhythmic events in postinfarction patients based on heart rate variability, ambulatory electrocardiographic variables and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:687-697.
61. Binkley PF, Nunziata E, Haas GJ, Nelson SD, Cody RJ. Parasympathetic withdrawal is an integral component of autonomic imbalance in congestive heart failure: demonstration in human subjects and verification in a paced canine model of ventricular failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:464-472.
62. Nolan J, Batin PD, Lindsay HSJ, Brooksby P, Andrewes R, Mullon M, Cowley AJ, Prescott R, Neilson JM, Fox KA. Reduced heart rate variability and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation 1996;in press.
63. Cleland JGF. The clinical course of heart failure and its modification by ACE inhibitors: insights from recent clinical trials. Eur Heart J 1994;15:125-130.
64. Schwartz PJ, Billman GE, Stone HL. Autonomic mechanisms in ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischaemia during exercise in dogs with healed myocardial infarction: an experimental preparation for sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1984;69:790-800.
65. Withering W. An account of the foxglove, and some of its medical uses: with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases. London: GGJ and J Robinson, 1785.