Long-term effects of reproductive-age menstrual cycle patterns on peri- and postmenopausal fracture risk

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 145, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 804-809

  Cooper, G S ^a   Sandler, D P ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

fractures; menarche; menstrual cycle; menstruation; osteoporosis; postmenopausal

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FRACTURE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENARCHE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; OSTEOPOROSIS; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; WRIST FRACTURE;

EID: 0030887699     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009173     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MC, et al. Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiol Rev 1985; 7:178-208.
2. Udoff L, Langenberg P, Adashi EY. Combined continuous hormone replacement therapy: a critical review. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86:306-16.
3. Sowers MR, Galuska DA. Epidemiology of bone mass in premenopausal women. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:374-98.
4. Armamento-Villareal R, Villareal DT, Avioli LV, et al. Estrogen status and heredity are major determinants of premenopausal bone mass. J Clin Invest 1992;90:2464-71.
5. Drinkwater BL, Bruemmer B, Chesnut CH III. Menstrual history as a determinant of current bone density in young athletes. JAMA 1990;263:545-8.
6. Prior JC, Vigna YM, Schechter MT, et al. Spinal bone loss and ovulatory disturbances. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1221-7.
7. Salisbury JJ, Mitchell JE. Bone mineral density and anorexia nervosa in women. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:768-74.
8. McCormick DP, Ponder SW, Fawcett HD, et al. Spinal bone mineral density in 335 normal and obese children and adolescents: evidence for ethnic and sex differences. J Bone Min Res 1991;6:507-12.
9. Ott SM. Bone density in adolescents. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1646-7.
10. Harlow SD, Ephross SA. Epidemiology of menstruation and its relevance to women's health. Epidemiol Rev 1995;17: 265-86.
11. Treloar AE, Boynton RE, Behn BH, et al. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. Int J Fertil 1967;12:77-126.
12. Root J, Smith, KR, Whelan EA, et al. Tracing women over half a century. Res Aging 1994;16:375-88.
13. Cooper GS, Sandler DP, Whelan EA, et al. Association of physical and behavioral characteristics with menstrual cycle patterns in women aged 29 to 31. Epidemiology 1996;7: 624-8.
14. Johnell O, Nilsson BE. Life-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1984;36:354-6.
15. Fox KM, Magaziner J, Sherwin R, et al. Reproductive correlates of bone mass in elderly women. J Bone Min Res 1993; 8:901-8.
16. Johansson C, Mellström D, Milsom I. Reproductive factors as predictors of bone density and fractures in women at the age of 70. Maturitas 1993;17:39-50.
17. Kreiger N, Gross A, Hunter G. Dietary factors and fracture in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21:953-8.
18. Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, et al. Exercise and other factors in the prevention of hip fracture: the Leisure World Study. Epidemiology 1991;2:16-25.
19. Schachter M, Shoham Z. Amenorrhea during the reproductive years - Is it safe? Fertil Steril 1994;62:1-16.
20. Harlow SD, Campbell BC. Host factors that influence the duration of menstrual bleeding. Epidemiology 1994;5:352-5.
21. Harlow SD, Campbell B. Ethnic differences in the duration and amount of menstrual bleeding during the postmenarcheal period. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:980-8.
22. Nygren KG, Rybo G. Prostaglandins and menorrhagia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1983;113:101-3.
23. Lauritzen JB, Schwarz P, Lund B, et al. Changing incidence and residual lifetime risk of common osteoporosis-related fractures. Osteoporos Int 1993;3:127-32.
24. Kelsey JL, Browner WS, Seeley DG, et al. Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm and proximal humerus. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:477-89.
25. Colditz GA, Martin P, Stampfer MJ, et al. Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of women. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:894-900.
26. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Browner WS, et al. The accuracy of self-report of fractures in elderly women: evidence from a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:490-9.
27. Jónsson B, Gärdner P, Johnell O, et al. Remembering fractures: fracture registration and proband recall in southern Sweden. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1994;48:489-90.