White-tailed deer damage to experimental apple orchards in Ohio

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 337-343

  Mower, Kerry J ^a,b,c,d   Townsend, Thomas W ^a,e,f,g,h   Tyznik, William J ^a,i  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NEW MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISH   (United States)

^c UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^h Academic Affairs Committee

ⁱ St Luke's Sinai Samaritan Med C   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPLE ORCHARD; BROWSING; FOOD PREFERENCE; PEST DAMAGE; SEASONAL PATTERN;

USA, OHIO;

CERVIDAE; MALUS; MALUS X DOMESTICA; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS;

EID: 0030882457     PISSN: 00917648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. AUSTIN, D. D., AND P. J. URNESS. 1989. Evaluating production losses from mule deer depredation in apple orchards. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:161-165.
2. BELSKY, A. J. 1986. Does herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence. Am. Nat. 127:870-892.
3. CAMPBELL, D. L., AND J. EVANS. 1977. Guidelines for field evaluations of repellents to control deer damage to reforestation. Pages 145-150 in W. B. Jackson and R. E. Marsh, eds. Test methods for vertebrate pest control and management materials. Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 258pp.
4. CAMPBELL, D. L., AND J. EVANS. 1978. Establishing native forbs to reduce black-tailed deer browsing damage to Douglas-fir. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Control Conf. 8:145-151.
5. CASLICK, J. W., AND D. J. DECKER. 1979. Economic feasibility of deer-proof fence for apple orchards. Wildl Soc. Bull. 7:173-175.
6. CONOVER, M. R. 1984. Effectiveness of repellents in reducing deer damage in nurseries. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 12:399-404.
7. CROUCH, G. L. 1966. Effects of simulated deer browsing on Douglas-fir seedlings. J. For. 64:322-326.
8. DECALESTA, D. S., AND D. B. SCHWENDEMAN. 1978. Characterization of deer damage to soybean plants. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 6:250-253.
9. DECKER, D. J., AND T. L. BROWN. 1982. Fruit growers' vs. other farmers' attitudes toward deer in New York. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 10:150-155.
10. FUCHIGAMI, L. H., D. R. EVERT, AND C. J. WEISER. 1971. A translocatable cold-hardiness promoter. Plant Physiol. 47:164-167.
11. HARDER, J. D. 1968. A literature review on orchard damage by deer. Colorado Dep. Game, Fish, and Parks Spec. Rep. No. 12, Fort Collins. 22pp.
12. HARDER, J. D. 1970. Evaluating winter deer use of orchards in western Colorado. Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 35:35-47.
13. HEICHEL, G. H., AND N. C. TURNER. 1976. Phenology and leaf growth of defoliated hardwood trees. Pages 31-40 in J. Anderson and H. Kaya, eds. Perspectives in forest entomology. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
14. KATSMA, D. E., AND D. H. RUSCH. 1980. Effects of simulated deer browsing on branches of apple trees. J. Wildl. Manage. 44:603-612.
15. KOERTH, B. H., AND J. W. STUTH. 1991. Instantaneous intake rates of 9 browse species by white-tailed deer. J. Range. Manage. 44:614-618.
16. MACK, G. A., AND D. A. WOLFE. 1981. K-sample rank tests for umbrella alternatives. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 76:175-181.
17. MATSCHKE, G. H., D. S. DECALESTA, AND J. D. HARDER. 1984. Crop damage and control. Pages 647-654 in E. K. Halls, ed. The white-tailed deer: ecology and management. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa.
18. MCNAUGHTON, S. J. 1983. Compensatory plant growth as a response to herbivory. Oikos 40:329-336.
19. MIKA, A. 1986. Physiological responses of fruit trees to pruning. Horticulture Rev. 8:337-378.
20. MINITAB, INC. 1988. Minitab reference manual release 6. Minitab, Inc., State College, Pa. 341pp.
21. PALMER, W. L., J. M. PAYNE, R. G. WINGARD, AND J. L. GEORGE. 1985. A practical fence to reduce deer damage. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 13:240-245.
22. PALMER, W. E., R. G. WINGARD, AND J. L. GEORGE. 1983. Evaluation of white-tailed deer repellents. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:164-166.
23. SALISBURY, F. B. AND C. W. ROSS. 1985. Plant physiology. Third ed. Wadsworth Publ. Co., Belmont, Calif. 540pp.
24. SAS INSTITUTE, INC. 1985. SAS user's guide: statistics. Fifth ed. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, N.C. 956pp.
25. SCOTT, J. D., AND T. W. TOWNSEND. 1985a. Characteristics of deer damage to commercial tree industries of Ohio. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 13:135-143.
26. SCOTT, J. D., AND T. W. TOWNSEND. 1985b. Methods used by selected Ohio growers to control damage by deer. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 13:234-240.
27. STOLL, R. J. 1990. Deer ... The management dilemma. Wild Ohio, Summer: 1-2.
28. STOLL, R. J., JR., AND G. E. MOUNTZ. 1983. Rural landowner attitudes toward deer and deer populations in Ohio. Ohio Dep. Nat. Resour. Div. Wildl., Ohio Fish Wildl. Rep. 10. 18pp.
29. SWIHART R. K., AND M. R. CONOVER. 1990. Reducing deer damage to yews and apple trees: testing Big Game Repellent, Ro pel, and soap as repellents. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:156-162.
30. WARGO, P. M. 1978. Insects have defoliated my tree - now what's going to happen? J. Arboric. 4:169-175.
31. WESTWOOD, M. N. 1978. Temperate-zone pomology. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, N.Y. 428pp.