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1
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1842270442
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Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites
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18 October
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Special issue on the Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites, Science 274, 377-403 (18 October 1996); J. D. Anderson, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, ibid. 272, 709 (1996); J. D. Anderson, E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, W. B. Moore, Nature 384, 541 (1996); ibid. 387, 264 (1997); Science 276, 1236 (1997).
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(1996)
Science
, vol.274
, Issue.SPEC. ISSUE
, pp. 377-403
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2
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0029767551
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Special issue on the Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites, Science 274, 377-403 (18 October 1996); J. D. Anderson, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, ibid. 272, 709 (1996); J. D. Anderson, E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, W. B. Moore, Nature 384, 541 (1996); ibid. 387, 264 (1997); Science 276, 1236 (1997).
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Science
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Anderson, J.D.1
Sjogren, W.L.2
Schubert, G.3
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3
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Special issue on the Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites, Science 274, 377-403 (18 October 1996); J. D. Anderson, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, ibid. 272, 709 (1996); J. D. Anderson, E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, W. B. Moore, Nature 384, 541 (1996); ibid. 387, 264 (1997); Science 276, 1236 (1997).
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(1996)
Nature
, vol.384
, pp. 541
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Anderson, J.D.1
Lau, E.L.2
Sjogren, W.L.3
Schubert, G.4
Moore, W.B.5
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4
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0030621149
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Special issue on the Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites, Science 274, 377-403 (18 October 1996); J. D. Anderson, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, ibid. 272, 709 (1996); J. D. Anderson, E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, W. B. Moore, Nature 384, 541 (1996); ibid. 387, 264 (1997); Science 276, 1236 (1997).
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(1997)
Nature
, vol.387
, pp. 264
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5
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0030619671
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Special issue on the Galileo Orbiter Observations of Jupiter and Its Satellites, Science 274, 377-403 (18 October 1996); J. D. Anderson, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, ibid. 272, 709 (1996); J. D. Anderson, E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, W. B. Moore, Nature 384, 541 (1996); ibid. 387, 264 (1997); Science 276, 1236 (1997).
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(1997)
Science
, vol.276
, pp. 1236
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7
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0039958519
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R. W. Carlson, P. R. Weissman, W. D. Smythe, J. C. Mahoney, the NIMS Science and Engineering Team, Space Sci. Rev. 60, 457 (1992).
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(1992)
Space Sci. Rev.
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, pp. 457
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Carlson, R.W.1
Weissman, P.R.2
Smythe, W.D.3
Mahoney, J.C.4
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8
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0029659603
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Early results of the entire NIMS investigation (satellites and Jupiter) were reported previously by R. Carlson et al., Science 274, 385 (1996).
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(1996)
Science
, vol.274
, pp. 385
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Carlson, R.1
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9
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1842319440
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abstr.
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Early results for Callisto and Ganymede were reported by T. B. McCord et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 28, 1138 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 77, F445 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., ibid. 78, S2O2 (abstr.) (1997).
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Bull. Am. Astron. Soc.
, vol.28
, pp. 1138
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McCord, T.B.1
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10
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7344263749
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abstr.
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Early results for Callisto and Ganymede were reported by T. B. McCord et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 28, 1138 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 77, F445 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., ibid. 78, S2O2 (abstr.) (1997).
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(1996)
Trans. Am. Geophys. Union
, vol.77
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McCord, T.B.1
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11
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25344447340
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abstr.
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Early results for Callisto and Ganymede were reported by T. B. McCord et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 28, 1138 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 77, F445 (abstr.) (1996); T. B. McCord et al., ibid. 78, S2O2 (abstr.) (1997).
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(1997)
Trans. Am. Geophys. Union
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N. Ockman, Adv. Phys. 7, 199 (1958); W. M. Irvine and J. B. Pollack, Icarus 8, 324 (1968); P. V. Hobbs, Ice Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1974); S. G. Warren, Appl. Opt. 23, 1206 (1984).
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Adv. Phys.
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Ockman, N.1
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N. Ockman, Adv. Phys. 7, 199 (1958); W. M. Irvine and J. B. Pollack, Icarus 8, 324 (1968); P. V. Hobbs, Ice Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1974); S. G. Warren, Appl. Opt. 23, 1206 (1984).
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(1968)
Icarus
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Irvine, W.M.1
Pollack, J.B.2
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Clarendon, Oxford
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N. Ockman, Adv. Phys. 7, 199 (1958); W. M. Irvine and J. B. Pollack, Icarus 8, 324 (1968); P. V. Hobbs, Ice Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1974); S. G. Warren, Appl. Opt. 23, 1206 (1984).
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(1974)
Ice Physics
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Hobbs, P.V.1
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15
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N. Ockman, Adv. Phys. 7, 199 (1958); W. M. Irvine and J. B. Pollack, Icarus 8, 324 (1968); P. V. Hobbs, Ice Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1974); S. G. Warren, Appl. Opt. 23, 1206 (1984).
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Appl. Opt.
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Warren, S.G.1
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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(1972)
Science
, vol.178
, pp. 1087
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Pilcher, C.B.1
Ridgway, S.T.2
McCord, T.B.3
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Astrophys. J.
, vol.179
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Fink, U.1
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Icarus
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Satellites of Jupiter
, pp. 174-212
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Satellites
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Fanale, F.P.2
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Icarus
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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Icarus
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, pp. 305
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Clark, R.N.2
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C. B. Pilcher, S. T. Ridgway, T. B. McCord, Science 178, 1087 (1972); U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers, H. P. Larson, Astrophys. J. 179, L155 (1973); J. B. Pollack et al., Icarus 36, 271 (1978); G. T. Sill and R. N. Clark, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), pp. 174-212; R. N. Clark, F. P. Fanale, M. J. Gaffey, in Satellites, J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1986), pp. 437-491; T. L. Roush, J. B. Pollack, F. C. Witteborn, J. D. Bregman, J. P. Simpson, Icarus 86, 355 (1990); W. M. Calvin and R. N. Clark, ibid. 89, 305 (1991); W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown, J. R. Spencer, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 19041 (1995).
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J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.100
, pp. 19041
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Clark, R.N.2
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25
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56949085279
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in preparation
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For spectra of minerals, see R. N. Clark, the USGS Digital Spectral Library 0.2-150 μm, in preparation [see R. N. Clark, G. A. Swayze, A. Gallagher, T. V. V. King, W. M. Calvin, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 93-592 (1993) for 0.2 to 3.0 μm]; J. W. Salisbury, L. S. Walter, N. Vergo, D. M. D'Aria, Infrared (2.1-25 μm) Spectra of Minerals (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore and London, 1991).
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USGS Digital Spectral Library 0.2-150 μM
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Clark, R.N.1
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For spectra of minerals, see R. N. Clark, the USGS Digital Spectral Library 0.2-150 μm, in preparation [see R. N. Clark, G. A. Swayze, A. Gallagher, T. V. V. King, W. M. Calvin, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 93-592 (1993) for 0.2 to 3.0 μm]; J. W. Salisbury, L. S. Walter, N. Vergo, D. M. D'Aria, Infrared (2.1-25 μm) Spectra of Minerals (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore and London, 1991).
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(1993)
U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 93-592
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Clark, R.N.1
Swayze, G.A.2
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King, T.V.V.4
Calvin, W.M.5
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Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore and London
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For spectra of minerals, see R. N. Clark, the USGS Digital Spectral Library 0.2-150 μm, in preparation [see R. N. Clark, G. A. Swayze, A. Gallagher, T. V. V. King, W. M. Calvin, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 93-592 (1993) for 0.2 to 3.0 μm]; J. W. Salisbury, L. S. Walter, N. Vergo, D. M. D'Aria, Infrared (2.1-25 μm) Spectra of Minerals (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore and London, 1991).
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(1991)
Infrared (2.1-25 μM) Spectra of Minerals
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Salisbury, J.W.1
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Vergo, N.3
D'Aria, D.M.4
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For spectra of organics, see N. B. Colthup, L. H. Daly, S. E. Wiberley, Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (Academic Press, San Diego, ed. 3, 1990).
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For spectra of gaseous and frozen volatiles, see L. S. Rothman et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 48, 469 (1992); U. Fink and G. T. Sill, in Comets, L. L. Wilkening, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982), p. 164; R. H. Pierson, A. N. Fletcher, E. S. C. Glantz, Anal. Chem. 28, 1218 (1956).
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Farrell, E.F.1
Newnham, R.E.2
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44
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0001263592
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V. C. Farmer, The Infrared Spectra of Minerals (Mineralogical Society, London, 1974); E. F. Farrell and R. E. Newnham, Am. Mineral. 52, 380 (1967); D. L. Wood and K. Nassau, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 2220 (1967).
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J. Chem. Phys.
, vol.47
, pp. 2220
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Wood, D.L.1
Nassau, K.2
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46
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1842279238
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note
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4.
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-
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47
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0026411488
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For a description of the chemical analysis, see G. D. McDonald, B. N. Khare, W. R. Thompson, C. Sagan, Icarus 94, 354 (1991).
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(1991)
Icarus
, vol.94
, pp. 354
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McDonald, G.D.1
Khare, B.N.2
Thompson, W.R.3
Sagan, C.4
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48
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1842383068
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note
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2.
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51
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1842363003
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note
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2O). Spectra are from (10).
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-
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53
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85027767328
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F. P. Fanale, R. H. Brown, D. P. Cruikshank, R. N. Clark, ibid., p. 761.
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Nature
, pp. 761
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Fanale, F.P.1
Brown, R.H.2
Cruikshank, D.P.3
Clark, R.N.4
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54
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0031141368
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K. S. Noll, R. E. Johnson, M. A. McGrath, J. J. Caldwell, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1139 (1997).
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(1997)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.24
, pp. 1139
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Noll, K.S.1
Johnson, R.E.2
McGrath, M.A.3
Caldwell, J.J.4
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58
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1842278250
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note
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We acknowledge the use of the forthcoming U.S. Geological Survey 0.2-150 μm spectral library to be released by R.N.C. We thank D. Cruikshank for providing his published tholin spectra in digital form and D. Stevenson, J. Lunine, and many other colleagues for helpful discussions.
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