Endoscopic ultrasonography in portal hypertension

Endoscopy

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 399-406

  Kassem, A M ^a   Salama, Z A ^a   Rosch T ^b  

^a CAIRO UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METOCLOPRAMIDE; PROPRANOLOL; SCLEROSING AGENT; SOMATOSTATIN; VASOPRESSIN;

COLLATERAL CIRCULATION; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC SCLEROTHERAPY; ESOPHAGUS VARICES; HUMAN; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0030880502     PISSN: 0013726X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004223     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Caletti GC, Bolondi L, Zani L, et al. Detection of portal hypertension and esophageal varices by means of endoscopic ultrasonography. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21: 74-7.
2. Caletti GC, Brocchi E, Barbara L. Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the treatment of esophageal varices. Endoscopy 1987; 23: 184-285.
3. Caletti GC, Brocchi E, Zani L, et al. Assessment of portal hypertension by endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc 1990; 42: 145-50.
4. Tio TL, Kimmings AN, Rauws EAJ, et al. Endosonography of gastroesophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc 1991; 37: 241.
5. Rösch T, Classen M. Gastroenterologic endosonography. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1992.
6. Butler H. The veins of the esophagus. Thorax 1951; 6: 276-96.
7. Kitano S, Terblanche J, Kahn D, Bornman PC. Venous anatomy of the lower esophagus in portal hypertension: practical implications. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 525-31.
8. Vianna A, Hayes PC, Moscoso G, et al. Normal venous circulation of the gastroesophageal junction. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 876-89.
9. Beppu K, Inokuchi K, Koyanogi N, et al. Prediction of variceal haemorrhage by esophageal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1981; 27: 213-8.
10. Mahl T, Groszmann R. Pathophysiology of portal hypertension and variceal bleeding. Surg Clin North Am 1990; 2: 251.
11. Hashizume M, Kitano S, Sugimachi K, Sueishi K. Three-dimensional view of the vascular structure of the lower esophagus in clinical portal hypertension. Hepatology 1988; 8: 1482-7.
12. Lin CY, Lin PW, Tsai HM, et al. Influence of paraesophageal venous collaterals on efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Hepatology 1993; 19: 602-8.
13. Söderlund C, Backman L, Erwald R, et al. Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: an endoscopic and portographic study. Hepatology 1984; 4: 877-84.
14. Wiechel KL. Direct selective catheterization of the portal venous system. Scand J Gastroenterol 1979; 53 (Suppl 14): 123-30.
15. Clark KE, Foley WD, Lawson TL, et al. CT evaluation of esophageal and upper abdominal varices. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1980; 4: 510-5.
16. Ishikawa T, Tsukune Y, Ohyama Y, et al. Venous abnormalities in portal hypertension demonstrated by CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980; 134: 271-6.
17. Balthazar EJ, Naidich DP, Megibow AJ, Lefleur RS. CT evaluation of esophageal varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987; 148: 131-5.
18. Kurtz W, Classen M. Messung des Blutflusses in Ösophagusvarizen mit einem endoskopischen Ultraschall-Doppler. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1984; 109: 821-4.
19. McCormack T, Rose JD, Smith PM, Johnson AG. Perforating veins and blood flow in esophageal varices. Lancet 1983; ii: 1442-4.
20. Schmitt W, Lux G. Stellenwert der Doppler-Endoskopie bei Ösophagusvarizen und der Ulcus pepticum Blutung. Leber Magen Darm 1986; 5: 293-8.
21. Britton RC. Influence of portal systemic collateral patterns and distribution of varices on results of surgical treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Surgery 1963; 53: 567-78.
22. Bosch J, Groszmann RJ. Measurement of azygos venous blood flow as an index of variceal blood flow in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Hepatology 1982; 2: 707.
23. Bosch J, Groszmann RJ. Measurement of azygos venous blood flow by a continuous thermal dilution technique: an index of blood flow through gastroesophageal collaterals in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1984; 4: 424-9.
24. Calès P, Braillon A, Jiron I, Lebrec D. Superior portosystemic collateral circulation estimated by azygos blood flow in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1984; 1: 37-46.
25. Kimura T, Moriyasu F, Kawasaki T, et al. Relationship between esophageal varices and azygos vein evaluated by cineportography. Hepatology 1990; 13: 858-64.
26. Sano A, Kuroda Y, Moriyasu F, et al. Porto-pulmonary venous anastomosis in portal hypertension demonstrated by percutaneous transhepatic cineportography. Radiology 1982; 144: 479-84.
27. Bosch J, Mastai R, Kravitz D, et al. Measurement of azygos venous blood flow in the evaluation of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: clinical and hemodynamic correlations in 100 patients. J Hepatol 1985; 1: 125-39.
28. Lomas DJ, Hayball MP, Jones DP, et al. Non-invasive measurement of azygos venous blood flow using magnetic resonance. J Hepatol 1995; 22: 399-403.
29. Nabeshima M, Moriyasu F, Nishikawa K, et al. Azygos venous blood flow: measurement with direct bolus imaging. Radiology 1995; 195: 467-70.
30. Debatin J, Zahner B, Meyenberger C, et al. Azygos blood flow: phase contrast quantitation in volunteers and patients with portal hypertension pre- and postintrahepatic shunt placement. Hepatology 1996; 24: 1109-15.
31. Boustière C, Dumas O, Jouffre C, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography classification of gastric varices in patients with cirrhosis: comparison with endoscopic findings. J Hepatol 1993; 19: 268-72.
32. Urabe T, Yoneshima M, Oika, et al. Evaluation of esophagogastric varices with endoscopic ultrasonography. Dig Endosc 1990; 2: 414-23.
33. Ziegler K, Gregor M, Zeitz T, et al. Evaluation of endosonography in sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 247-50.
34. Pontes JM, Leitao MC, Portea FA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the treatment of esophageal varices by injection sclerotherapy and band ligation: do we need it? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7: 41-6.
35. Schiano TD, Alyn LA, Cassidy MJ, et al. Use of high-resolution endoluminal sonography to measure the radius and wall thickness of esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc 1996; 44: 425-8.
36. Cerrato G, Grotta S, Bodrato, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonographic study of the esophagus and periesophageal circulation in portal hypertension [abstract]. Abstracts of the World Congress of Gastroenterology, Sydney 1990. Abingdon: The Medicine Group (UK) 1990 no. 470.
37. Dhiman RK, Choudhuri G, Saraswat VA, et al. Role of paraesophageal collaterals and perforating veins on outcome of endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: an endosonographic study. Gut 1996; 38: 759-64.
38. Nakamura H, Endo M, Shimeju, et al. Esophageal varices evaluated by endoscopic ultrasonography: observation of collateral circulation during non-shunting operations. Surg Endosc 1990; 4: 69-75.
39. Burtin P, Calès P, Oberti F, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonographic signs of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 44: 257-61.
40. Dobashi Y, Nakamura H. Portal hypertension: influence on management. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am 1995; 5: 667-74.
41. Nunez DJR, Russel E, Yrizarry J, et al. Porto-systemic communications studied by transhepatic portography. Radiology 1978; 128: 75-9.
42. Dilawari JB, Raju GS, Chawla YK. Development of large spleno-adrenal-renal shunt after endoscopic sclerotherapy. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 421-6.
43. D'Amico G, Montalbano L, Traina M, et al. Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1558-64.
44. Smart HL, Triger DR. Clinical features, pathophysiology and relevance of portal hypertensive gastropathy. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 224-8.
45. Sukigara M, Komazaki T, Ohata M, et al. Transesophageal real-time dimensional Doppler echography: a new method for the evaluation of azygos venous flow. Gastrointest Endosc 1988; 34: 125-8.
46. Bolondi L, Caletti G, Zironi G, et al. Color Doppler endosonography in the study of portal hypertension. In: Heyder N, Hahn EG, Goldberg BB, editors. Innovations in abdominal ultrasound. Berlin: Springer, 1992: 61.
47. Salama ZA, Kassem AM, Giovannini M, Hunter MS. The use of endoscopic ultrasonography in the study of the azygos vein in patients with esophagogastric varices [abstract]. Endoscopy 1996: 28: S22.
48. Barsoum MS, Bolous FI, El Rooby AA, et al. Tamponade and injection sclerotherapy in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. Br J Surg 1982; 69: 76-8.
49. Infante RC, Esnaola S, Villeneuve JP. Role of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in the long-term management of variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1087-92.
50. Stiegmann GV, Goff JS, Michaletz OP, et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1527-32.
51. Gimson A, Ramage JK, Panas MZ, et al. Randomised trial of variceal banding ligation versus injection sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. Lancet 1993; 342: 391-4.
52. D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal hypertension: a meta-analytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22: 332-54.
53. Binmoeller K, Soehendra N. Nonsurgical treatment of variceal bleeding: new modalities. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 11: 1923-31.
54. Iwase H, Suga S, Morise K, et al. Color Doppler endoscopic ultrasonography for the evaluation of gastric varices and endoscopic obliteration with cyanoacrylate glue. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41: 150-4.
55. Aronsen KF, Nylander G. The mechanism of vasopressin hemostasis in bleeding esophageal varices. Acta Chir Scand 1966; 131: 433.
56. Bosch J, Kravetz D, Mastai R, et al. Azygos venous blood flow in cirrhosis: effects of balloon tamponade, vasopressin, sandostatin and propranolol. Hepatology 1983; 3: 855.