Evidence for a direct neuronal pathway from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system: Combined tracing and light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Volumn 384, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 569-579

  Van Der Beek, Eline M ^a,b   Horvath, Tamas L ^d   Wiegant, Victor M ^a,c   Van Hurk, Rob Den ^b   Buijs, Ruud M ^e  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^d YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Circadian regulation; Estrous cycle; Female rat; Synapse

Indexed keywords

GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ESTRUS CYCLE; FEMALE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IONTOPHORESIS; NONHUMAN; OVARIECTOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; TISSUE SPECIFICITY;

ANIMALS; BRAIN MAPPING; FEMALE; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; HYPOTHALAMUS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS;

EID: 0030877889     PISSN: 00219967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970811)384:4<569::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-0     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Albers, H.E. (1981) Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 241:R62-R66.
2. Albers, H.E., S.Y. Liou, G.F. Ferris, E.G. Stopa, and R.T. Zoeller (1992) Neurochemistry of circadian timing. In D.C. Klein, R.Y. Moore, and S.M. Reppert (eds): Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Mind's Clock. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 263-288.
3. Berk, M.L., and J.A. Finkelstein (1981) An autoradiographic determination of the efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 226:1-13.
4. Brown-Grant, K., and G. Raisman (1977) Abnormalities in reproductive function associated with the destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in female rats. Proc. R. Soc. London 198:279-296.
5. Buijs, R.M., Y.X. Hou, S. Shinn, and L.P. Renaud (1993) Ultrastructural evidence for intra-and extra-nuclear projections of GABA-ergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 340:381-391.
6. Card, J.P., N. Brecha, H.J. Karten, and R.Y. Moore (1981) Immunocytochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing cells and processes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat: Light and electron microscopic analysis. J. Neurosci. 1:1289-1303.
7. Chen, W.P., J.W. Witkin, and A.J. Silverman (1990) Sexual dimorphism in the synaptic input to gonadotrophin releasing hormone neurons. Endocrinology 126:695-702.
8. Critchlow, V. (1963) The role of light in the neuroendocrine system. In A.V. Nalbanov (ed): Advances in Neuroendocrinology. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, pp 377-402.
9. De la Iglesia, H.O., J.D. Blaustein, and E.L. Bittman (1995) The suprachiasmatic area in the female hamster projects to neurons containing estrogen receptors and GnRH. Neuroreport 6:1715-1722.
10. Fink, G., R. Rosie, and E. Thomson (1991) Steroid actions on hypothalamic neurons with special reference to estrogen control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone biosynthesis and release. In K. Fuxe and L.F. Agnati (eds): Volume Transmission in the Brain: Novel Mechanisms for Neuronal Transmission. New York: Raven Press, pp. 195-211.
11. Gerfen, C.R., and P.E. Sawchenko (1984) An anterograde neuroanatomical tracing method that shows the detailed morphology of neurons, their axons and terminals: Immunohistochemical localization of an axonally transported plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Brain Res. 290:219-238.
12. Gozes, I., and D.E. Brenneman (1989) VIP: Molecular biology and neurobiological function. Mol. Neurobiol. 3:201-236.
13. Inouye, S.I.T., K. Shinohara, K. Tominaga, J. Takeuchi, H. Nagasaki, Y. Isobe, C. Fukuhara, Y. Otori, J. Yang, F.R.A. Campagnang, S. Yamazaki, and A. Tokumasu (1993) Circadian rhythms in peptides and their precursor messenger RNAs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In H. Nakagawa, Y. Omura, and K. Nagai (eds): New Functional Aspects of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. London: John Libbey and Company, Ltd., pp. 219-233.
14. Jennes, L., W.E. Stumpf, and M.W. Sheedy (1985) Ultrastructural characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 232:534-547.
15. Kalsbeek, A., and R.M. Buijs (1992) Peptidergic transmitters of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the control of circadian rhythmicity. In J. Joose, R.M. Buijs, and F.J.H. Tilders (eds). The Peptidergic Neuron. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 92, pp. 321-333.
16. Kawakami, M., J. Arita, and E. Yoshioka (1980) Loss of oestrogen-induced daily surges of prolactin and gonadotrophins by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 106:1087-1092.
17. Kimura, F., N. Mitsugi, J. Arita, T. Akema, and K. Yoshida (1987) Effects of preoptic injections of gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and PHI on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats. Brain Res. 410:315-322.
18. Lee, W.S., M.S. Smith, and G.E. Hoffman (1990) LHRH neurons express Fos protein during the proestrous surge of luteinizing hormone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:5163-5167.
19. Legan, S.J., and F.J. Karsch (1975) A daily signal for the LH surge in the rat. Endocrinology 96:57-62.
20. Lehman, M.N., and A.J. Silverman (1988) Ultrastructure of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons and their projections in the golden hamster. Brain Res. Bull. 20:211-221.
21. Ma, Y.J., M.J. Kelly, and O.K. Ronnekleiv (1990) Pro-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (pro-GnRH) and GnRH content in the preoptic area and the basal hypothalamus of anterior medial preoptic nucleus/ suprachiasmatic nucleus lesioned rats. Endocrinology 127:2654-2664.
22. Maletti, M., W.H. Rostene, L. Carr, H. Scherrer, D. Rotten, C. Kordon, and G. Rosselin (1982) Interaction between estradiol and prolactin on vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations in the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary of the female rat. Neurosci. Lett. 32:307-313.
23. Merchenthaler, I., G. Setalo, C. Csontos, P. Petrusz, B. Flerko, and A. Negro-Villar (1989) Combined retrograde tracing and immunocytochemical identification of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-and somatostatin-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat. Endocrinology 125:2812-2821.
24. Paxinos, G., and C. Watson (1986) The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. San Diego: Academic Press.
25. Swaab, D.F., C.W. Pool, and F. Neveldt (1975) Immunofluorescence of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. J. Neural Trans. 36:195-215.
26. Swanson, L.W., and W.M. Cowan (1975) The efferent connections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 160: 1-12.
27. Van der Beek, E.M., C.W. Pool, F.J.C.M. Van Eerdenburg, A.A. Sluiter, H.A. Van der Donk, R. Van den Hurk, and V.M. Wiegant (1992) Fc-mediated nonspecific staining of the porcine brain with rabbit antisera in immunocytochemistry is prevented by preincubation of the sera with proteins A and G. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40:1731-1739.
28. Van der Beek, E.M., V.M. Wiegant, H.A. van der Donk, R. van den Hurk, and R.M. Buijs (1993) Lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus indicate the presence of a direct vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing projection to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in the female rat. J. Neuroendocrinol. 5:137-144.
29. Van der Beek, E.M., H.J.C. van Oudheusden, R.M. Buijs, H.A. van der Donk, R. van den Hurk, and V.M. Wiegant (1994) Preferential induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-innervated gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons during a steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the female rat. Endocrinology 134:2636-2644.
30. Watson, R.E., M.C. Langub, M.G. Engle, and B.E. Maley (1995) Estrogen-receptive neurons in the anteroventral periventricular region are synaptic targets of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and perichiasmatic region. Brain Res. 689:254-264.
31. Watts, A.G., and G. Fink (1981a) Constant light blocks diurnal but not pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone in the ovariectomized rat. J. Endocrinol. 89:141-146.
32. Watts, A.G., and G. Fink (1981b) Effects of short-term constant light on the proestrous luteinizing hormone surge and pituitary responsiveness in the female rat. Neuroendocrinology 33:176-180.
33. Watts, A.G., and L. W. Swanson (1987) Efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: II. Studies using retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and simultaneous peptide immunohistochemistry in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 258:230-252.
34. Watts, A.G., L.W. Swanson, and G. Sanches-Watts (1987) Efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: I. Studies using anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 258:204-229.
35. Watt, A.G., W.J. Sheward, D. Whale, and G. Fink (1989) The effect of knife cuts in the sub-paraventricular zone of the female rat hypothalamus on oestrogen-induced diurnal surges of plasma prolactin and LH and circadian wheel-running activity. J. Endocrinol. 122:593-604.
36. Weick, R.F., and K.M. Stobie (1992) Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits the steroid-induced LH surge in the ovariectomized rat. J. Endocrinol. 133:433-437.
37. Weick, R.F., and K.M. Stobie (1995) Role of VIP in the regulation of LH secretion in the female rat. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 19:251-259.
38. Wiegand, S.J., and E. Terasawa (1982) Discrete lesions reveal functional heterogeneity of suprachiasmatic structures in regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the female rat. Neuroendocrinology 34:395-404.
39. Wiegand, S.J., E. Terasawa, W.E. Bridson, and R.W. Goy (1980) Effects of discrete lesions of preoptic and suprachiasmatic structures in the female rat: Alterations in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion. Neuroendocrinology 31:147-157.
40. Witkin, J.W. (1990) Access of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons to the vasculature in the rat. Neuroscience 37:501-506.
41. Witkin, J.W., and A.J. Silverman (1985) Synaptology of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in rat preoptic area. Peptides 6:263-271.
42. Wray, S., and G.E. Hoffman (1986) A developmental study of the quantitative distribution of LHRH neurons within the central nervous system of postnatal male and female rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 252:522-531.