메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 154, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 377-402

The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front

Author keywords

Eh; Greigite; Hydrothermal conditions; Iron sulphides; Life origin; Mackinawite

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; FERROUS ION; FERROUS SULFIDE; SEA WATER;

EID: 0030875872     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0377     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (646)

References (230)
  • 1
    • 0021551057 scopus 로고
    • Archaean plate tectonics revisited 1. heat flow, spreading rate, and the age of subducting oceanic lithosphere and their effects on the origin and evolution of continents
    • ABROT, D.H. & HOFFMAN, S.E. 1984. Archaean plate tectonics revisited 1. heat flow, spreading rate, and the age of subducting oceanic lithosphere and their effects on the origin and evolution of continents. Tectonics 3, 429-448.
    • (1984) Tectonics , vol.3 , pp. 429-448
    • Abrot, D.H.1    Hoffman, S.E.2
  • 2
    • 2742516196 scopus 로고
    • Novel iron-sulfur centers in metalloenzymes and redox proteins from extremely thermophilic bacteria
    • ADAMS, M.W.W. 1992. Novel iron-sulfur centers in metalloenzymes and redox proteins from extremely thermophilic bacteria. Advances in Organic Chemisrry 38, 341-396.
    • (1992) Advances in Organic Chemisrry , vol.38 , pp. 341-396
    • Adams, M.W.W.1
  • 5
    • 0019100356 scopus 로고
    • Implications for the primitive atmosphere of the oxidation state of Earth's upper mantle
    • ARCULLS, R.J. & DFLANO, J.W. 1980. Implications for the primitive atmosphere of the oxidation state of Earth's upper mantle. Nature 288, 72-74.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 72-74
    • Arculls, R.J.1    Dflano, J.W.2
  • 6
    • 0023641364 scopus 로고
    • The first 800 million years: Environmental models for the early Earth
    • ARRHENIUS, G. 1987. The first 800 million years: Environmental models for the early Earth. Earth, Moon and Planets 37, 187-199.
    • (1987) Earth, Moon and Planets , vol.37 , pp. 187-199
    • Arrhenius, G.1
  • 7
    • 0011193358 scopus 로고
    • Phosphate in models for chemical evolution
    • PONNAMPERUMA, C. & CHELA-FLORES, J. (eds) A. Deepak Publishing
    • _. GEDULIN, B. & MOJZSIS, S. 1993. Phosphate in models for chemical evolution. In: PONNAMPERUMA, C. & CHELA-FLORES, J. (eds) Chemical Evolution: Origin of Life. A. Deepak Publishing. 25-50.
    • (1993) Chemical Evolution: Origin of Life , pp. 25-50
    • Gedulin, B.1    Mojzsis, S.2
  • 9
    • 0042311554 scopus 로고
    • Self-replicating micelles: Aqueous micelles and enzymetically driven reactions in reverse micelles
    • BACHMANN, P.A., WALDE, P., LUISI, P.L. & LANG, J. 1991. Self-replicating micelles: Aqueous micelles and enzymetically driven reactions in reverse micelles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, 8204-8209.
    • (1991) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.113 , pp. 8204-8209
    • Bachmann, P.A.1    Walde, P.2    Luisi, P.L.3    Lang, J.4
  • 11
    • 0022225471 scopus 로고
    • A fossil hydrothermal worm assemblage from the Tynagh lead-zinc deposit in Ireland
    • BANKS, D. 1985. A fossil hydrothermal worm assemblage from the Tynagh lead-zinc deposit in Ireland. Nature 313, 128-131.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 128-131
    • Banks, D.1
  • 12
    • 0001603062 scopus 로고
    • Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life
    • BAROSS, J.A. & HOFFMAN, S.E. 1985. Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 15, 327-345.
    • (1985) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.15 , pp. 327-345
    • Baross, J.A.1    Hoffman, S.E.2
  • 13
    • 0006586175 scopus 로고
    • The next generation: Synthesis, characterization and structure of metal-sulfide-based microporous solids
    • JACOBS. P.A. & VAN SANTEN, R.A. (eds) ELsevier Scientific Publishers B.V., Amsterdam
    • BEDARD, R.L., WILSON, S.T., VAIL, L.D., BENNETT, J.M. & FLANIGEN, E.M. 1989. The next generation: Synthesis, characterization and structure of metal-sulfide-based microporous solids. In: JACOBS. P.A. & VAN SANTEN, R.A. (eds) Zeolites: Facts, Figures, Future. ELsevier Scientific Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 375-387.
    • (1989) Zeolites: Facts, Figures, Future , pp. 375-387
    • Bedard, R.L.1    Wilson, S.T.2    Vail, L.D.3    Bennett, J.M.4    Flanigen, E.M.5
  • 15
    • 0002400782 scopus 로고
    • Structures and reactions of iron-sulfur protein clusters and their synthetic analogues
    • SPIRO, T.G. (ed.) Wiley-Interscience
    • BERG, J.M. & HOLM, R.H. 1982. Structures and reactions of iron-sulfur protein clusters and their synthetic analogues In: SPIRO, T.G. (ed.) Iron-sulfur proteins. Wiley-Interscience, 1-66.
    • (1982) Iron-sulfur Proteins , pp. 1-66
    • Berg, J.M.1    Holm, R.H.2
  • 16
    • 0015848303 scopus 로고
    • Different mechanisms of energy coupling for active transport of proline and glutamine in Escherichia cali
    • BERGER, E. A. 1973. Different mechanisms of energy coupling for active transport of proline and glutamine in Escherichia cali. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 70, 1514-1518.
    • (1973) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA , vol.70 , pp. 1514-1518
    • Berger, E.A.1
  • 18
    • 3242800046 scopus 로고
    • The problem of stages in biopoesis
    • FLORKIN, M. (ed.) Pergamon Press, New York
    • _ 1960. The problem of stages in biopoesis. In: FLORKIN, M. (ed.) Aspects of the Origin of Life. Pergamon Press, New York, 30-45.
    • (1960) Aspects of the Origin of Life , pp. 30-45
  • 19
    • 0024944267 scopus 로고
    • The significance of siderite in the sediments from Lake Nyos, Cameroon
    • BERNARD, A. & SYMONDS, R.B. 1989. The significance of siderite in the sediments from Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research 39, 187-194.
    • (1989) Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research , vol.39 , pp. 187-194
    • Bernard, A.1    Symonds, R.B.2
  • 21
  • 24
    • 0003649277 scopus 로고
    • Methanogenic Bacteria
    • SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Academic Press
    • BHATNAGAR, L., JAIN, M.K. & ZEIKUS, J.G. 1991. Methanogenic Bacteria. In: SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Variation in Autotrophic Life Academic Press, 251-270.
    • (1991) Variation in Autotrophic Life , pp. 251-270
    • Bhatnagar, L.1    Jain, M.K.2    Zeikus, J.G.3
  • 25
    • 4043058352 scopus 로고
    • Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
    • BIOTOL 1992. Biotechnology by Open Learning. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
    • (1992) Biotechnology by Open Learning
  • 26
    • 33845377125 scopus 로고
    • 2- (n=2.4) in aqueous media from iron salts, thiols and sulfur, sulfide, thiosulfide plus rhodonase
    • 2- (n=2.4) in aqueous media from iron salts, thiols and sulfur, sulfide, thiosulfide plus rhodonase. Inorganic Chemistry 24, 4331-4335.
    • (1985) Inorganic Chemistry , vol.24 , pp. 4331-4335
    • Bonomi, F.1    Werth, M.T.2    Kurtz, D.M.3
  • 27
    • 0020974907 scopus 로고
    • Formation of fossil hydrothermal chimneys and mounds from Silvermines. Ireland
    • BOYCE, A.J., COLEMAN, M.L. & RUSSELL, M.J. 1983. Formation of fossil hydrothermal chimneys and mounds from Silvermines. Ireland. Nature 306, 545-550.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 545-550
    • Boyce, A.J.1    Coleman, M.L.2    Russell, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 0023767035 scopus 로고
    • The molecular evolution of genes and proteins: A tale of two serines
    • BRENNER, S. 1988. The molecular evolution of genes and proteins: A tale of two serines. Nature 334, 528-530.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 528-530
    • Brenner, S.1
  • 34
    • 0025697659 scopus 로고
    • A reverse Krebs cycle in photosynthesis: Concensus at last
    • BUCHANAN, B.B. & ARNON, D.I. 1990. A reverse Krebs cycle in photosynthesis: Concensus at last. Photosynthesis Research 24, 47-53.
    • (1990) Photosynthesis Research , vol.24 , pp. 47-53
    • Buchanan, B.B.1    Arnon, D.I.2
  • 35
    • 0014681486 scopus 로고
    • Ferredoxin from the photosynthetic bacterium, Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum. A link to ferredoxins from non-photosynthetic bacteria
    • _, B.B., MATSUBARA, H. & EVANS, M.C.W. 1969. Ferredoxin from the photosynthetic bacterium, Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum. A link to ferredoxins from non-photosynthetic bacteria. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 189, 46-53.
    • (1969) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , vol.189 , pp. 46-53
    • B., B.1    Matsubara, H.2    Evans, M.C.W.3
  • 36
    • 0023500207 scopus 로고
    • Microbialites: Organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities
    • BURNE, R.V. & MOORE, L.S. 1987. Microbialites: Organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities. Palaios 2, 241-254.
    • (1987) Palaios , vol.2 , pp. 241-254
    • Burne, R.V.1    Moore, L.S.2
  • 39
    • 0028860346 scopus 로고
    • Splitting molecular hydrogen
    • _ 1995. Splitting molecular hydrogen. Nature 373, 556-557.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 556-557
  • 40
    • 0002940098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron and sulfur in the origin and evolution of biological energy conversion systems
    • BALTSCHEFSKY, H. (ed.) VCH Publishers, Deerfield Beach Florida
    • _ 1996. Iron and sulfur in the origin and evolution of biological energy conversion systems. In: BALTSCHEFSKY, H. (ed.) Origin and Evolution of Biological Energy Conversion. VCH Publishers, Deerfield Beach Florida, 43-69.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolution of Biological Energy Conversion , pp. 43-69
  • 41
    • 0000134619 scopus 로고
    • UV radiation from the young Sun and oxygen and ozone levels in the prebiological palaeoatmosphere
    • CANUTO, V.M., LEVINE, J.S., AUGUSTSSON, T.R. & IMHOEF, C.L. 1982. UV radiation from the young Sun and oxygen and ozone levels in the prebiological palaeoatmosphere. Nature 296, 816-820.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 816-820
    • Canuto, V.M.1    Levine, J.S.2    Augustsson, T.R.3    Imhoef, C.L.4
  • 42
    • 0028961901 scopus 로고
    • Structure of a hyperthermophilic tungsopterin enzyme, aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
    • CHAN, M.K., MAKUND, S., KLETZIN, A., ADAMS, M.W.W. & REES, D.C. 1995. Structure of a hyperthermophilic tungsopterin enzyme, aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Science 267, 1463-1469.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1463-1469
    • Chan, M.K.1    Makund, S.2    Kletzin, A.3    Adams, M.W.W.4    Rees, D.C.5
  • 43
    • 0023159723 scopus 로고
    • Liquid carbon dioxide of magmatic origin and its role in volcanic eruptions
    • CHIVAS, A.R., BARNKS, I., EVANS, W.C., LUPTON, J.E. & STONH, J.O. 1987. Liquid carbon dioxide of magmatic origin and its role in volcanic eruptions. Nature 326, 587-589.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 587-589
    • Chivas, A.R.1    Barnks, I.2    Evans, W.C.3    Lupton, J.E.4    Stonh, J.O.5
  • 45
    • 0025256449 scopus 로고
    • Impact delivery and erosion of planetary oceans
    • CHYBA, C. F. 1990. Impact delivery and erosion of planetary oceans. Nature 343, 129-132.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 129-132
    • Chyba, C.F.1
  • 46
    • 0026513112 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: An inventory for the origins of life
    • _ & SAGAN, C. 1992. Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: An inventory for the origins of life. Nature 355, 125-131.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 125-131
    • Sagan, C.1
  • 47
    • 0002580072 scopus 로고
    • Impact delivery of volatiles and organic molecules to Earth
    • GEHRLLS, T. (ed.) University of Arizona, Tucson
    • _, OWEN, T.C. & IP, W.-H. 1995. Impact delivery of volatiles and organic molecules to Earth. In: GEHRLLS, T. (ed.) Hazards Due to Comets & Asteroids. University of Arizona, Tucson, 9-58.
    • (1995) Hazards Due to Comets & Asteroids , pp. 9-58
    • Owen, T.C.1    Ip, W.-H.2
  • 48
    • 0000930495 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the growth of "silicate gardens" and related phenomena
    • COATMAN, R.D., THOMAS, N.L. & DOUBLK, D.D. 1980. Studies of the growth of "silicate gardens" and related phenomena. Journal of Materials Science 15, 2017-2026.
    • (1980) Journal of Materials Science , vol.15 , pp. 2017-2026
    • Coatman, R.D.1    Thomas, N.L.2    Doublk, D.D.3
  • 51
    • 0010133919 scopus 로고
    • On the role of submarine hot springs on the Archaean Earth: The chemistry of sea water, degassing, and the oxidation/reduction balance
    • CORLISS, J.B. 1986a. On the role of submarine hot springs on the Archaean Earth: The chemistry of sea water, degassing, and the oxidation/reduction balance. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 19, 192-193.
    • (1986) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.19 , pp. 192-193
    • Corliss, J.B.1
  • 52
    • 0006159788 scopus 로고
    • On the creation of living cells in submarine hot spring flow reactors: Attractors and bifurcations in the natural hierarchy dissipative systems
    • _ 1986b. On the creation of living cells in submarine hot spring flow reactors: Attractors and bifurcations in the natural hierarchy dissipative systems. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 19, 381-382.
    • (1986) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.19 , pp. 381-382
  • 53
    • 0002721057 scopus 로고
    • An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth
    • No. Sp
    • _, BAROSS, J.A. & HOFEMAN, S.E. 1981. An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth. Oceanololica Acta No. Sp 59-69.
    • (1981) Oceanololica Acta , pp. 59-69
    • Baross, J.A.1    Hofeman, S.E.2
  • 55
    • 0028582918 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial profiles in hydrothermally active deep sediment layers from Middle Valley (NE Pacific), sites 857 and 858
    • MOTTL, M.J., DAVIS, E.E., FISHER, A.T. & SLACK, J.F. (eds)
    • CRAGG, B.A. & PARKES, R.J. 1994. Bacterial profiles in hydrothermally active deep sediment layers from Middle Valley (NE Pacific), sites 857 and 858. In: MOTTL, M.J., DAVIS, E.E., FISHER, A.T. & SLACK, J.F. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results, 139, 509-516.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results , vol.139 , pp. 509-516
    • Cragg, B.A.1    Parkes, R.J.2
  • 56
    • 0024195227 scopus 로고
    • Organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites, planetary satellites, asteroids and comets
    • KERRIDGE, J.F. & MATTHEWS, M.D. (eds) University of Arizona Press, Tucson
    • CRONIN, J.R., PIZZARELLO, S. & CRUIKSHANK, D.P. 1988. Organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites, planetary satellites, asteroids and comets. In: KERRIDGE, J.F. & MATTHEWS, M.D. (eds) Meteorites and the Early Solar System. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 819-857.
    • (1988) Meteorites and the Early Solar System , pp. 819-857
    • Cronin, J.R.1    Pizzarello, S.2    Cruikshank, D.P.3
  • 57
    • 0021795820 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial metabolism of 3-mercaptoproprionic acid - Chemical synthesis of 3-mercaptopropionyl coenzyme-A and some of its S-acyl derivatives
    • CUEBAS, D., BECKMANN, J.D., FRERMAN, F.E. & SCHULZ, H. 1985. Mitochondrial metabolism of 3-mercaptoproprionic acid - chemical synthesis of 3-mercaptopropionyl coenzyme-A and some of its S-acyl derivatives. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260, 7330-7336.
    • (1985) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.260 , pp. 7330-7336
    • Cuebas, D.1    Beckmann, J.D.2    Frerman, F.E.3    Schulz, H.4
  • 60
    • 0029019280 scopus 로고
    • Did primitive microorganisms use nonheme iron proteins in place of NAD/P?
    • _ & DANSON, M.J. 1995. Did primitive microorganisms use nonheme iron proteins in place of NAD/P? Journal of Molecular Evolution 40, 559-563.
    • (1995) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 559-563
    • Danson, M.J.1
  • 61
    • 0026619785 scopus 로고
    • Archaebacteria: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    • Portland Press Ltd, Colchester UK
    • DANSON, M.J., HOUGH, D.W. & LUNT, G.G. 1992. Archaebacteria: Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Biochemical Society Symposium, 58. Portland Press Ltd, Colchester UK.
    • (1992) Biochemical Society Symposium , vol.58
    • Danson, M.J.1    Hough, D.W.2    Lunt, G.G.3
  • 62
    • 0028265821 scopus 로고
    • Sequence, assembly and evolution of a primordial ferredoxin from Thermotoga maritima
    • DARIMONT, B. & STERNER, R. 1994. Sequence, assembly and evolution of a primordial ferredoxin from Thermotoga maritima. The EMBO Journal 13, 1772-1781.
    • (1994) The EMBO Journal , vol.13 , pp. 1772-1781
    • Darimont, B.1    Sterner, R.2
  • 65
    • 0022267496 scopus 로고
    • Boundary structures are formed by organic components of the Murchison meteorite
    • DEAMER, W.D. 1985. Boundary structures are formed by organic components of the Murchison meteorite. Nature 317, 792-794.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 792-794
    • Deamer, W.D.1
  • 66
    • 0023020696 scopus 로고
    • Role of amphiphilic compounds in the evolution of membrane structure on the early Earth
    • _ 1986. Role of amphiphilic compounds in the evolution of membrane structure on the early Earth. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 17, 3-25.
    • (1986) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.17 , pp. 3-25
  • 68
    • 4043115253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of life: Energy
    • GILBERT, W. & TOCCHINI-VALENTINI, G. (eds) Instituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma
    • _. 1997. Origin of life: energy. In: GILBERT, W. & TOCCHINI-VALENTINI, G. (eds) From Atoms to Mind. Frontiers in Biology 1, Instituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma.
    • (1997) From Atoms to Mind. Frontiers in Biology , vol.1
  • 69
    • 4043149019 scopus 로고
    • Primordial synthesis of organic matter
    • BOLIN, B., DEGENS, E.T., KEMPE, S. & KETNER, P. (eds) John Wiley, New York
    • DEGENS, E.T. 1979. Primordial synthesis of organic matter. In: BOLIN, B., DEGENS, E.T., KEMPE, S. & KETNER, P. (eds) The Global Carbon Cycle. John Wiley, New York, 57-77.
    • (1979) The Global Carbon Cycle , pp. 57-77
    • Degens, E.T.1
  • 70
    • 0027790373 scopus 로고
    • Deep-sea smokers: Windows to a subsurface biosphere
    • DEMING, J.W. & BAROSS, J.A. 1993. Deep-sea smokers: Windows to a subsurface biosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 3219-3230.
    • (1993) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.57 , pp. 3219-3230
    • Deming, J.W.1    Baross, J.A.2
  • 71
    • 0000074995 scopus 로고
    • The Archean atmosphere: Its components and fate
    • CONDIE, K.C. (ed.) Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • DES MARAIS, D.J. 1994. The Archean atmosphere: Its components and fate. In: CONDIE, K.C. (ed.) Archean Crustal Evolution. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 505-523.
    • (1994) Archean Crustal Evolution , pp. 505-523
    • Des Marais, D.J.1
  • 73
    • 0006889984 scopus 로고
    • Phototrophic purple bacteria
    • SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Academic Press
    • DREWS, G. & IMHOFF, J.F. 1991. Phototrophic purple bacteria, In: SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Variation in Autotrophic Life. Academic Press, 51-98.
    • (1991) Variation in Autotrophic Life , pp. 51-98
    • Drews, G.1    Imhoff, J.F.2
  • 74
    • 0004190112 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press
    • DYSON, F. 1985. Origins of Life. Cambridge University Press.
    • (1985) Origins of Life
    • Dyson, F.1
  • 75
    • 0001202417 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the structure of ferredoxin based on living relics of primitive amino acid sequences
    • ECK, R.V. & DAYHOFF, M.O. 1968. Evolution of the structure of ferredoxin based on living relics of primitive amino acid sequences. Science 152, 363-366.
    • (1968) Science , vol.152 , pp. 363-366
    • Eck, R.V.1    Dayhoff, M.O.2
  • 76
    • 4043071042 scopus 로고
    • Tungsten (Wolfram)
    • WEDEPOHL, K.H. (ed.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • EVANS, H.T. 1974. Tungsten (Wolfram). In: WEDEPOHL, K.H. (ed.) Handbook of Geochemistry II/5. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 74A, 1-3.
    • (1974) Handbook of Geochemistry II/5 , vol.74 A , pp. 1-3
    • Evans, H.T.1
  • 77
    • 0028602976 scopus 로고
    • Six years of change at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, yield clues to the past and cautions for the future
    • EVANS, W.C., WHITE, L.D., TUTTLE, M.L., KLING, G.W., TANYILEKE, G. & MICHEL, R.L. 1994. Six years of change at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, yield clues to the past and cautions for the future. Geochemical Journal 28, 139-162.
    • (1994) Geochemical Journal , vol.28 , pp. 139-162
    • Evans, W.C.1    White, L.D.2    Tuttle, M.L.3    Kling, G.W.4    Tanyileke, G.5    Michel, R.L.6
  • 78
    • 0026268601 scopus 로고
    • A stable isotope study of the magnesite deposits associated with the Alpine-type ultramafic rocks of Yugoslavia
    • FALLICK, A.E., ILICH, M. & RUSSKKL, M.J. 1991. A stable isotope study of the magnesite deposits associated with the Alpine-type ultramafic rocks of Yugoslavia. Economic Geology 86, 847-861.
    • (1991) Economic Geology , vol.86 , pp. 847-861
    • Fallick, A.E.1    Ilich, M.2    Russkkl, M.J.3
  • 79
    • 0022878664 scopus 로고
    • The influence of plate movement on the evolution of hydrothermal convection cells in the oceanic crust
    • FEHN, U. & CATHLES, L.M. 1986. The influence of plate movement on the evolution of hydrothermal convection cells in the oceanic crust. Tectonophysics 125, 289-312.
    • (1986) Tectonophysics , vol.125 , pp. 289-312
    • Fehn, U.1    Cathles, L.M.2
  • 80
    • 0344593672 scopus 로고
    • Chemical markers of prebiotic chemistry in hydrothermal systems
    • FERRIS, J.P. 1992. Chemical markers of prebiotic chemistry in hydrothermal systems. Origins of Life und Evolution of the Biosphere 22, 109-134.
    • (1992) Origins of Life und Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.22 , pp. 109-134
    • Ferris, J.P.1
  • 81
    • 0000889165 scopus 로고
    • An unusual photochemical rearrangement in the synthesis of adenine
    • _ & ORGEL, L.E. 1966. An unusual photochemical rearrangement in the synthesis of adenine. Journal of the American Chemical Society 88, 1074.
    • (1966) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.88 , pp. 1074
    • Orgel, L.E.1
  • 83
    • 0022445886 scopus 로고
    • Pyrococcus furiosus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100°C
    • FIALA, G. & STETTER, K.O. 1986. Pyrococcus furiosus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100°C. Archives of Microbiology 145, 56-61.
    • (1986) Archives of Microbiology , vol.145 , pp. 56-61
    • Fiala, G.1    Stetter, K.O.2
  • 84
    • 34548145552 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the bonding mechanism in pyrite using the Mössbauer effect
    • FINKLEA, S., CATHEY, S. & AMMA, E.L. 1976. Investigation of the bonding mechanism in pyrite using the Mössbauer effect. Acta Crystallographica A32, 529-537.
    • (1976) Acta Crystallographica , vol.A32 , pp. 529-537
    • Finklea, S.1    Cathey, S.2    Amma, E.L.3
  • 85
    • 0000414762 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic setting and mineralogical and geochemical zonation in the Snake Pit sulfide deposit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23°N)
    • FOUQUET, Y., WAKIK, A., CAMBON, P., MEVEL, C., MEYER, G. & GENTE, P. 1993. Tectonic setting and mineralogical and geochemical zonation in the Snake Pit sulfide deposit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23°N). Economic Geology 88, 2018-2036.
    • (1993) Economic Geology , vol.88 , pp. 2018-2036
    • Fouquet, Y.1    Wakik, A.2    Cambon, P.3    Mevel, C.4    Meyer, G.5    Gente, P.6
  • 87
    • 0010424314 scopus 로고
    • How did life begin?
    • _ 1960. How did life begin? Science 132, 200-208.
    • (1960) Science , vol.132 , pp. 200-208
  • 88
    • 0029258104 scopus 로고
    • Thermal synthesis of amino acids and the origin of life
    • _ 1995. Thermal synthesis of amino acids and the origin of life. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 1213-1214.
    • (1995) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.59 , pp. 1213-1214
  • 90
    • 36849148382 scopus 로고
    • The RNA World
    • GILBERT, W. 1986. The RNA World. Nature 319, 618.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 618
    • Gilbert, W.1
  • 91
    • 4043119448 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the early reducing atmosphere
    • July
    • GILLET, S. L. 1985. The rise and fall of the early reducing atmosphere. Astronomy 13, (July), 66-71.
    • (1985) Astronomy , vol.13 , pp. 66-71
    • Gillet, S.L.1
  • 92
    • 0003184661 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical aspects of the origin of complex organic molecules on the Earth, as precursors to life
    • GOLDSCHMIDT, V.M. 1952. Geochemical aspects of the origin of complex organic molecules on the Earth, as precursors to life. New Biology 12, 97-105.
    • (1952) New Biology , vol.12 , pp. 97-105
    • Goldschmidt, V.M.1
  • 93
    • 0029415630 scopus 로고
    • A geochemical model for the formation of hydrothermal carbonates on Mars
    • GRIFFITH, L.L. & SHOCK, E.L. 1995. A geochemical model for the formation of hydrothermal carbonates on Mars. Nature 377, 406-408.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 406-408
    • Griffith, L.L.1    Shock, E.L.2
  • 94
    • 0027341483 scopus 로고
    • New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition
    • GROTZINGER, J.P. & KASTING, J.F. 1993. New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition. Journal of Geology 101, 235-243.
    • (1993) Journal of Geology , vol.101 , pp. 235-243
    • Grotzinger, J.P.1    Kasting, J.F.2
  • 95
    • 0029663004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphur isotope fractionation in modern microbial mats and the evolution of the sulphur cycle
    • HABICHT, K.S. & CANFIELD, D.E. 1996. Sulphur isotope fractionation in modern microbial mats and the evolution of the sulphur cycle. Nature 382, 342-343.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 342-343
    • Habicht, K.S.1    Canfield, D.E.2
  • 97
    • 0022473313 scopus 로고
    • Pyrite-pyrrhotine reactions in nature
    • HALL, A.J. 1986. Pyrite-pyrrhotine reactions in nature. Mineralogical Magazine 50, 223-229.
    • (1986) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.50 , pp. 223-229
    • Hall, A.J.1
  • 98
    • 0015218669 scopus 로고
    • Role for ferredoxins in the origin of life and biological evolution
    • HALL, D.O., CAMMACK, R. & RAO, K.K. 1971. Role for ferredoxins in the origin of life and biological evolution. Nature 233, 136-138.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.233 , pp. 136-138
    • Hall, D.O.1    Cammack, R.2    Rao, K.K.3
  • 99
    • 0016612552 scopus 로고
    • Speculations on the origin and evolution of metabolism
    • HARTMAN, H. 1975. Speculations on the origin and evolution of metabolism. Journal of Molecular Evolution 4, 359-370.
    • (1975) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 359-370
    • Hartman, H.1
  • 100
    • 0028102402 scopus 로고
    • Proton migration along the membrane surface and retarded surface bulk transfer
    • HEBERLE, J., RIESLE, J., THIEDEMANN, G., OESTERHELT, D. & DENCHER, N.A. 1994. Proton migration along the membrane surface and retarded surface bulk transfer. Nature 370, 379-382.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.370 , pp. 379-382
    • Heberle, J.1    Riesle, J.2    Thiedemann, G.3    Oesterhelt, D.4    Dencher, N.A.5
  • 101
    • 0026502227 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of polyferredoxin. from Methanohacterium thermoautotrophicum: The mvhB gene product of the methylviologen-reducing hydrogenase operon
    • HEDDERICH, R., ALBRACHT, S.P.J., LINDER, D., KOCH, J. & THAUER, R.K. 1992. Isolation and characterization of polyferredoxin. from Methanohacterium thermoautotrophicum: the mvhB gene product of the methylviologen-reducing hydrogenase operon. FEBS Letters 298, 65-68.
    • (1992) FEBS Letters , vol.298 , pp. 65-68
    • Hedderich, R.1    Albracht, S.P.J.2    Linder, D.3    Koch, J.4    Thauer, R.K.5
  • 102
    • 0030478259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic sulfur compounds resulting from the interaction of iron sulfide. hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in an anaerobic aqueous environment
    • HEINEN, W. & LAUWERS, A.M. 1996. Organic sulfur compounds resulting from the interaction of iron sulfide. hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in an anaerobic aqueous environment. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 26, 131-150.
    • (1996) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.26 , pp. 131-150
    • Heinen, W.1    Lauwers, A.M.2
  • 103
    • 0026742154 scopus 로고
    • Abiotic synthesis of amino acids under hydrothermal conditions and the origin of life: A perpetual phenomenon?
    • HENNET, R.J.-C.; HOLM, N.G. & ENGEL, M.H. 1992. Abiotic synthesis of amino acids under hydrothermal conditions and the origin of life: A perpetual phenomenon? Naturwissenschaften 79, 361-365.
    • (1992) Naturwissenschaften , vol.79 , pp. 361-365
    • Hennet, R.J.-C.1    Holm, N.G.2    Engel, M.H.3
  • 104
    • 0009746605 scopus 로고
    • Trinuclear cuboidal and heterometallic cubane-type iron-sulfur clusters: New structural and reactivity themes in chemistry and biology
    • HOLM, R.H. 1992. Trinuclear cuboidal and heterometallic cubane-type iron-sulfur clusters: New structural and reactivity themes in chemistry and biology. Advances in Organic Chemistry 38, 1-71.
    • (1992) Advances in Organic Chemistry , vol.38 , pp. 1-71
    • Holm, R.H.1
  • 105
    • 0024856531 scopus 로고
    • A novel group of abyssal methanogenic archaebacteria (Methanopyrus) growing at 110°C
    • HUBER, R., KURR, M., JANNASCH, H.W. & STETTER, K.O. 1989. A novel group of abyssal methanogenic archaebacteria (Methanopyrus) growing at 110°C. Nature 342, 833-834.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 833-834
    • Huber, R.1    Kurr, M.2    Jannasch, H.W.3    Stetter, K.O.4
  • 106
    • 0027492555 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric evolution of the terrestrial planets
    • HUNTEN, D.M. 1993. Atmospheric evolution of the terrestrial planets. Science 259, 915-920.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 915-920
    • Hunten, D.M.1
  • 107
    • 0022926696 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal serpentinization of peridotite within the ocean crust: Experimental investigations of mineralogy and major element chemistry
    • JANECKY, D.R. & SEYFRIED, W.E. 1986. Hydrothermal serpentinization of peridotite within the ocean crust: Experimental investigations of mineralogy and major element chemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 1357-1378.
    • (1986) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.50 , pp. 1357-1378
    • Janecky, D.R.1    Seyfried, W.E.2
  • 108
    • 0001218383 scopus 로고
    • Thermotoga neapolitana sp. nov. of the extremely thermophilic eubacterial genus Thermotoga
    • JANNASCH, H.W., HUBER, R., BELKIN, S. & STETTFR, K.O. 1988. Thermotoga neapolitana sp. nov. of the extremely thermophilic eubacterial genus Thermotoga. Archives of Microbiology 150, 103-104.
    • (1988) Archives of Microbiology , vol.150 , pp. 103-104
    • Jannasch, H.W.1    Huber, R.2    Belkin, S.3    Stettfr, K.O.4
  • 109
    • 0002993632 scopus 로고
    • Membrane-associated energy conservation
    • ANTHONY, C. (ed.) Academic Press. London
    • JONES, C.W. 1988. Membrane-associated energy conservation. In. ANTHONY, C. (ed.) Bacterial Energy Transduction. Academic Press. London, 1-82.
    • (1988) Bacterial Energy Transduction , pp. 1-82
    • Jones, C.W.1
  • 111
    • 0022926884 scopus 로고
    • Climatic consequences of very high carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's early atmosphere
    • KASTING, J.F. & ACKERMAN, T.P. 1986. Climatic consequences of very high carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's early atmosphere. Science 234, 1383-1385.
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 1383-1385
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Ackerman, T.P.2
  • 112
    • 0027341487 scopus 로고
    • Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere
    • _, EGGLER, D.H. & RAEBURN, S.P. 1993. Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere. Journal of Geology 101, 245-257.
    • (1993) Journal of Geology , vol.101 , pp. 245-257
    • Eggler, D.H.1    Raeburn, S.P.2
  • 114
    • 0027402034 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanical and dynamic properties of plant cell membranes: Their role in growth, direct gene transfer and protoplast fusion
    • KELL, A. & GLASSER, R.W. 1993. On the mechanical and dynamic properties of plant cell membranes: Their role in growth, direct gene transfer and protoplast fusion. Journal of Theoretical Biology 160, 41-62.
    • (1993) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.160 , pp. 41-62
    • Kell, A.1    Glasser, R.W.2
  • 115
    • 0029774451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane-rich fluids in the oceanic crust
    • KELLFY, D.S. 1996. Methane-rich fluids in the oceanic crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, B2, 2943-2962.
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.101 , Issue.B2 , pp. 2943-2962
    • Kellfy, D.S.1
  • 116
    • 0001816327 scopus 로고
    • The role of alkalinity in the evolution of ocean chemistry, organization of living systems, and biocalcification processes
    • KEMPE, S. & KAZMIERCZAK, J. 1994. The role of alkalinity in the evolution of ocean chemistry, organization of living systems, and biocalcification processes. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco, numero spécial 13, 61-117.
    • (1994) Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco, Numero Spécial , vol.13 , pp. 61-117
    • Kempe, S.1    Kazmierczak, J.2
  • 117
    • 4043059740 scopus 로고
    • Non-biotic synthesis of cellular organic polymers in the presence of hydrogen sulphide
    • KIMOTO, T. & FUJINAGA, T. 1988. Non-biotic synthesis of cellular organic polymers in the presence of hydrogen sulphide. Chemistry Express 312, 123-126.
    • (1988) Chemistry Express , vol.312 , pp. 123-126
    • Kimoto, T.1    Fujinaga, T.2
  • 118
    • 0025692998 scopus 로고
    • 2S-rich sea-floor. A possible reaction for the origin of life
    • 2S-rich sea-floor. A possible reaction for the origin of life. Marine Chemistry 30, 179-192.
    • (1990) Marine Chemistry , vol.30 , pp. 179-192
  • 121
    • 0028262549 scopus 로고
    • Compositions, growth mechanisms, and temporal relations of hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate-silica chimneys at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    • KOSKI, R.A., JONASSON, I.R., KADKO, D.C., SMITH, V.K. & WONG, F.L. 1994. Compositions, growth mechanisms, and temporal relations of hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate-silica chimneys at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research 99B, 4813-4832.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 B , pp. 4813-4832
    • Koski, R.A.1    Jonasson, I.R.2    Kadko, D.C.3    Smith, V.K.4    Wong, F.L.5
  • 122
    • 4043098026 scopus 로고
    • pH in biological systems
    • KOTYK, A. & SLAVIK, J. (eds) CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida
    • KOTYK, A. 1989. pH in biological systems. In: KOTYK, A. & SLAVIK, J. (eds) Intracellular pH and its measurement. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 15-28.
    • (1989) Intracellular PH and Its Measurement , pp. 15-28
    • Kotyk, A.1
  • 124
    • 0343048367 scopus 로고
    • Native nickel-iron alloy, its mode of occurrence, distribution and origin
    • KRISHNARAO, J.S.R. 1964. Native nickel-iron alloy, its mode of occurrence, distribution and origin. Economic Geology 59, 443-448.
    • (1964) Economic Geology , vol.59 , pp. 443-448
    • Krishnarao, J.S.R.1
  • 125
    • 0028315638 scopus 로고
    • Phase relations and phase transformations between the low-temperature iron sulfides mackinawite, greigite, and smythite
    • KRUPP, R.E. 1994. Phase relations and phase transformations between the low-temperature iron sulfides mackinawite, greigite, and smythite. European Journal of Mineralogy 6, 265-278.
    • (1994) European Journal of Mineralogy , vol.6 , pp. 265-278
    • Krupp, R.E.1
  • 126
    • 4043088153 scopus 로고
    • Composition of the early Precambrian atmosphere and hydrosphere, thermodynamic constraints from mineral deposits
    • _, OBERTHUR, TH. & HIRDES, W. 1994. Composition of the early Precambrian atmosphere and hydrosphere, thermodynamic constraints from mineral deposits. Mineralogical Magazine 58A, 499-500.
    • (1994) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.58 A , pp. 499-500
    • Oberthur, Th.1    Hirdes, W.2
  • 127
    • 0024898286 scopus 로고
    • The Lake Nyos gas disaster: Chemical and isotopic evidence in waters and dissolved gases from the three Cameroonian crater lakes. Nyos, Monoun and Wum
    • KUSAKABE, M., OHSUMI, T. & ARAMAKI, S. 1989. The Lake Nyos gas disaster: Chemical and isotopic evidence in waters and dissolved gases from the three Cameroonian crater lakes. Nyos, Monoun and Wum. Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research 39, 167-185.
    • (1989) Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research , vol.39 , pp. 167-185
    • Kusakabe, M.1    Ohsumi, T.2    Aramaki, S.3
  • 131
    • 0001186869 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Rietveld crystal structure refinement of mackinawite, tetragonal FeS
    • LENNIE, A.R., REDFERN, S.A.T., SCHOFIELD, P.F. & VAUGHAN, D.J. 1995. Synthesis and Rietveld crystal structure refinement of mackinawite, tetragonal FeS. Mineralogical Magazine 59, 677-683.
    • (1995) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.59 , pp. 677-683
    • Lennie, A.R.1    Redfern, S.A.T.2    Schofield, P.F.3    Vaughan, D.J.4
  • 132
    • 0002720053 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic generation and utilization of phosphate bond energy
    • LIPMANN, F. 1941. Metabolic generation and utilization of phosphate bond energy. Advances in Enzymology 1, 99-162.
    • (1941) Advances in Enzymology , vol.1 , pp. 99-162
    • Lipmann, F.1
  • 134
    • 0010320807 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial assimilation of carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle
    • SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Academic Press
    • MCFADDEN, B. A. & SHIVELY, J.M. 1991. Bacterial assimilation of carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle. In: SHIVELY, J.M. & BARTON, L.L. (eds) Variation in Autotrophic Life. Academic Press, 25-50.
    • (1991) Variation in Autotrophic Life , pp. 25-50
    • Mcfadden, B.A.1    Shively, J.M.2
  • 135
    • 0023823426 scopus 로고
    • Impact frustration of the origin of life
    • MAHER, K.A. & STEVENSON, D.J. 1988. Impact frustration of the origin of life. Nature 331, 612-614.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 612-614
    • Maher, K.A.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 136
    • 0028255301 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal synthesis of amino acids
    • MARSHALL, W.L. 1994. Hydrothermal synthesis of amino acids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 2099-2106.
    • (1994) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.58 , pp. 2099-2106
    • Marshall, W.L.1
  • 139
    • 37049243502 scopus 로고
    • A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions
    • MILLER, S.L. 1953. A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions. Science 117, 528-529.
    • (1953) Science , vol.117 , pp. 528-529
    • Miller, S.L.1
  • 140
    • 36949083936 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic mechanism
    • MITCHELL, P. 1961. Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic mechanism. Nature 191, 144-148.
    • (1961) Nature , vol.191 , pp. 144-148
    • Mitchell, P.1
  • 141
    • 0018784261 scopus 로고
    • Keilin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences
    • _ 1979. Keilin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences. Science 206, 1148-1159.
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 1148-1159
  • 143
    • 0027811323 scopus 로고
    • Adsorption and coprecipitation of divalent metals with mackinawite (FeS)
    • MORSE, J.W. & ARAKAKI, T. 1993. Adsorption and coprecipitation of divalent metals with mackinawite (FeS). Geachimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 3635-3640.
    • (1993) Geachimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.57 , pp. 3635-3640
    • Morse, J.W.1    Arakaki, T.2
  • 144
    • 0027100682 scopus 로고
    • Pore waters from serpentinite seamounts in the Mariana and Izu-Bonin Forearcs, Leg 125: Evidence for volatiles in the subducting slab
    • FRYER, P., COLEMAN, P., PEARCE, J.A. & STOKKING, L.B. (eds)
    • MOTTL, M.J. 1992. Pore waters from serpentinite seamounts in the Mariana and Izu-Bonin Forearcs, Leg 125: Evidence for volatiles in the subducting slab. In: FRYER, P., COLEMAN, P., PEARCE, J.A. & STOKKING, L.B. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 125, 373-385.
    • (1992) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results , vol.125 , pp. 373-385
    • Mottl, M.J.1
  • 145
    • 0026304410 scopus 로고
    • The Savage Lode magnesian skarn in the Marvel Loch gold-silver mine, Southern Cross greenstone belt, Western Australia. Part 1: Structural setting, petrography, and geochemistry
    • MUELLER, A.G. 1991. The Savage Lode magnesian skarn in the Marvel Loch gold-silver mine, Southern Cross greenstone belt, Western Australia. Part 1: Structural setting, petrography, and geochemistry. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, 659-685.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.28 , pp. 659-685
    • Mueller, A.G.1
  • 146
    • 2542634737 scopus 로고
    • m+ mit Relevanz zur Evolution der Ferredoxine
    • m+ mit Relevanz zur Evolution der Ferredoxine. Chimia 39, 23-24.
    • (1985) Chimia , vol.39 , pp. 23-24
    • Müller, A.1    Schladerbeck, N.2
  • 147
    • 0022385790 scopus 로고
    • Thermosynthesis by biomembranes: Energy gain from cyclic temperature changes
    • MULLER, A.W.J. 1985. Thermosynthesis by biomembranes: Energy gain from cyclic temperature changes. Journal of Theoretical Biology 115, 429-453.
    • (1985) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.115 , pp. 429-453
    • Muller, A.W.J.1
  • 148
    • 0029200617 scopus 로고
    • Were the first organisms heat engines? A new model for biogenesis and the early evolution of biological energy conversion
    • _ 1995. Were the first organisms heat engines? A new model for biogenesis and the early evolution of biological energy conversion. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 63, 193-231.
    • (1995) Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology , vol.63 , pp. 193-231
  • 149
    • 0023461268 scopus 로고
    • Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalysed chain reaction
    • MULLIS, K.B. & FALOONA, F.A. 1987. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalysed chain reaction. Methods in Enzymology 155, 335-350.
    • (1987) Methods in Enzymology , vol.155 , pp. 335-350
    • Mullis, K.B.1    Faloona, F.A.2
  • 150
    • 0021335057 scopus 로고
    • Calcium and magnesium hydroxide precipitation from alkaline groundwater in Oman, and their significance to the process of serpentinization
    • NEAL, C. & STANGER, G. 1984. Calcium and magnesium hydroxide precipitation from alkaline groundwater in Oman, and their significance to the process of serpentinization. Mineralogical Magazine 48, 237-241.
    • (1984) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.48 , pp. 237-241
    • Neal, C.1    Stanger, G.2
  • 151
    • 0019928251 scopus 로고
    • The physicochemical conditions of tungstenite formation
    • in Russian
    • NEKRASOV, I.YA. & KONYUSHOK, A.A. 1982. [The physicochemical conditions of tungstenite formation], Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 4, 33-40 [in Russian].
    • (1982) Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal , vol.4 , pp. 33-40
    • Nekrasov, I.Ya.1    Konyushok, A.A.2
  • 152
    • 0027758668 scopus 로고
    • Peptide nucleic acid (PNA): A model structure for the primordial genetic material?
    • NILLSEN, P.E. 1993. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA): A model structure for the primordial genetic material? Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 23, 323-327.
    • (1993) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.23 , pp. 323-327
    • Nillsen, P.E.1
  • 155
  • 156
    • 0344522219 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and disintegration of starch in coacervate drops
    • in Russian
    • _. EVREINOVA, T.N., LARIONOVA, T.I. & DAVIDOVA, I.M. 1962. [Synthesis and disintegration of starch in coacervate drops]. Doklady Akademii Nauk. SSSR 143, 980-983 [in Russian].
    • (1962) Doklady Akademii Nauk. SSSR , vol.143 , pp. 980-983
    • Evreinova, T.N.1    Larionova, T.I.2    Davidova, I.M.3
  • 158
    • 36949090450 scopus 로고
    • Comets and the formation of the biochemical compounds on the primitive Earth
    • ORÓ, J. 1961. Comets and the formation of the biochemical compounds on the primitive Earth. Nature 190, 389-390.
    • (1961) Nature , vol.190 , pp. 389-390
    • Oró, J.1
  • 159
    • 50549173098 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of purines under possible primitive Earth conditions 1. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide
    • _ & KIMBALL, A.P. 1961. Synthesis of purines under possible primitive Earth conditions 1. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 94, 217-227.
    • (1961) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol.94 , pp. 217-227
    • Kimball, A.P.1
  • 160
    • 0001183764 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of purines under possible primitive Earth conditions II. Purine intermediates from hydrogen cyanide
    • _ & _1962. Synthesis of purines under possible primitive Earth conditions II. Purine intermediates from hydrogen cyanide. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 96, 293-313.
    • (1962) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol.96 , pp. 293-313
  • 162
    • 0026613515 scopus 로고
    • Possible cometary origin of heavy gases in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars
    • OWEN, T., BAR-NUN, A. & KEINFEL, I. 1992. Possible cometary origin of heavy gases in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars. Nature 358, 43-46.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 43-46
    • Owen, T.1    Bar-Nun, A.2    Keinfel, I.3
  • 163
    • 0029781685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scum of the Earth after all
    • PATCHETT, P.J. 1996. Scum of the Earth after all. Nature 382, 758-759.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 758-759
    • Patchett, P.J.1
  • 164
    • 0021066010 scopus 로고
    • The nature of Archaean gold fluids as deduced from gold deposits in Western Australia
    • PHILLIPS, G.N, & GROVES, D.I. 1983. The nature of Archaean gold fluids as deduced from gold deposits in Western Australia. Geological Society of Australia Journal 30, 25-39.
    • (1983) Geological Society of Australia Journal , vol.30 , pp. 25-39
    • Phillips, G.N.1    Groves, D.I.2
  • 165
    • 0021334252 scopus 로고
    • An epigenetic origin for Archaean banded iron-formation-hosted gold deposits
    • _, _& MARTYN, J.E. 1984. An epigenetic origin for Archaean banded iron-formation-hosted gold deposits. Economic Geology 79, 162-171.
    • (1984) Economic Geology , vol.79 , pp. 162-171
    • Martyn, J.E.1
  • 166
    • 49349130173 scopus 로고
    • 12C ratios of rocks and inclusions in popping rocks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their bearing on the problem of isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon
    • 12C ratios of rocks and inclusions in popping rocks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their bearing on the problem of isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 29, 413-421.
    • (1976) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.29 , pp. 413-421
    • Pineau, F.1    Javoy, M.2    Bottinga, Y.3
  • 167
    • 0000032194 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical production of formaldehyde in Earth's primitive atmosphere
    • PINTO, J.P., GLADSTONE, G.R. & YUNG, Y.K. 1980. Photochemical production of formaldehyde in Earth's primitive atmosphere. Science, 210, 183-185.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 183-185
    • Pinto, J.P.1    Gladstone, G.R.2    Yung, Y.K.3
  • 168
    • 0039769743 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheres of the terrestrial planets
    • BEATTY, J.K. & CHAIKIN, A. (eds) Cambridge University Press
    • POLLACK, J.B. 1990. Atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. In: BEATTY, J.K. & CHAIKIN, A. (eds) The New Solar System. Cambridge University Press, 91-106.
    • (1990) The New Solar System , pp. 91-106
    • Pollack, J.B.1
  • 173
    • 4043096650 scopus 로고
    • Organ pipes, beehive diffusers and chimneys at the Broken Spur hydrothermal sulphide deposits, 29○N MAR
    • RICKARD, D., KNOTT, R., DUCKWORTH, R. & MURTON, B. 1994. Organ pipes, beehive diffusers and chimneys at the Broken Spur hydrothermal sulphide deposits, 29○N MAR. Mineralogical Magazine 58, 774-775.
    • (1994) Mineralogical Magazine , vol.58 , pp. 774-775
    • Rickard, D.1    Knott, R.2    Duckworth, R.3    Murton, B.4
  • 174
    • 0029769220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earliest part of Earth's stratigraphic record: A reappraisal of the >3.7 Ga Isua (Greenland) supracrustal sequence
    • ROSING, M.T., ROSE, N.M., BRIDGWATER, D. & THOMSEN, H.S. 1996. Earliest part of Earth's stratigraphic record: A reappraisal of the >3.7 Ga Isua (Greenland) supracrustal sequence. Geology 24, 43-46.
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 43-46
    • Rosing, M.T.1    Rose, N.M.2    Bridgwater, D.3    Thomsen, H.S.4
  • 175
    • 84873263478 scopus 로고
    • Geological history of seawater: An attempt to state the problem
    • RUBEY, W.W. 1951. Geological history of seawater: An attempt to state the problem. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 62, 1111-1147.
    • (1951) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.62 , pp. 1111-1147
    • Rubey, W.W.1
  • 176
    • 0041290156 scopus 로고
    • Chimneys, chemical gardens and feldspar horizons ± pyrrhotine in some SEDEX deposits: Aspects of alkaline environments of deposition
    • ZACHRISSON, E. (ed.) Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung
    • RUSSELL, M.J. 1988. Chimneys, chemical gardens and feldspar horizons ± pyrrhotine in some SEDEX deposits: aspects of alkaline environments of deposition. In: ZACHRISSON, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the seventh IAGOD Symposium. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 183-190.
    • (1988) Proceedings of the Seventh IAGOD Symposium , pp. 183-190
    • Russell, M.J.1
  • 177
    • 4043096651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life from the depths: The generation of life and ore deposits at hot springs
    • _ 1996a. Life from the depths: The generation of life and ore deposits at hot springs. Science Spectra 1, 4, 26-31.
    • (1996) Science Spectra , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 26-31
  • 178
    • 0030481957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation at hot springs of ores, microbialites and life
    • _ 1996b. The generation at hot springs of ores, microbialites and life. Ore Geology Reviews 10, 199-214.
    • (1996) Ore Geology Reviews , vol.10 , pp. 199-214
  • 179
    • 33748481286 scopus 로고
    • The emergence of life at hot springs: A basis for understanding the relationships between organics and mineral deposits
    • PASAVA, J., KRIBEK, B. & ZAK, K. (eds) A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
    • _ & HALL, A.J. 1995. The emergence of life at hot springs: A basis for understanding the relationships between organics and mineral deposits. In: PASAVA, J., KRIBEK, B. & ZAK, K. (eds) Mineral Deposits: From their Origin to their Environmental Impact. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 793-796.
    • (1995) Mineral Deposits: From Their Origin to Their Environmental Impact , pp. 793-796
    • Hall, A.J.1
  • 180
    • 0027884221 scopus 로고
    • On the emergence of life via catalytic iron sulphide membranes
    • _, DANIEL, R.M. & HALL, A.J. 1993. On the emergence of life via catalytic iron sulphide membranes. Terra Nova 5, 343-347.
    • (1993) Terra Nova , vol.5 , pp. 343-347
    • Daniel, R.M.1    Hall, A.J.2
  • 181
    • 0028023065 scopus 로고
    • A hydrothermally precipitated catalytic iron sulphide membrane as a first step toward life
    • _, _, - & SHERRINGHAM, J. 1994. A hydrothermally precipitated catalytic iron sulphide membrane as a first step toward life. Journal of Molecular Evolution 39, 231-243.
    • (1994) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 231-243
    • Sherringham, J.1
  • 182
    • 85044498204 scopus 로고
    • Submarine hot springs and the origin of life. Correspondence
    • _, HALL, A.J., CAIRNS-SMITH, A.G. & BRATERMAN, P.S. 1988. Submarine hot springs and the origin of life. Correspondence, Nature 336, 117.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 117
    • Hall, A.J.1    Cairns-Smith, A.G.2    Braterman, P.S.3
  • 183
    • 0024899963 scopus 로고
    • In vitro growth of iron sulphide chimneys: Possible culture chambers for oriain-of-life experiments
    • _, _& TURNER, D. 1989. In vitro growth of iron sulphide chimneys: Possible culture chambers for oriain-of-life experiments. Terra Nova 1, 238-241.
    • (1989) Terra Nova , vol.1 , pp. 238-241
    • Turner, D.1
  • 184
    • 0019728249 scopus 로고
    • The genesis of sediment-hosted, exhalative zinc + lead desposits
    • _, SOLOMON, M. & WALSHL, J.L. 1981. The genesis of sediment-hosted, exhalative zinc + lead desposits. Mineralium Deposita 16, 113-127.
    • (1981) Mineralium Deposita , vol.16 , pp. 113-127
    • Solomon, M.1    Walshl, J.L.2
  • 185
    • 0014202998 scopus 로고
    • Studies in prebiotic synthesis II. Synthesis of purine precursors and amino acids from aqueous hydrogen cyanide
    • SANCHEZ, R.A., FERRI, J.P. & ORGEL, L.E. 1967. Studies in prebiotic synthesis II. Synthesis of purine precursors and amino acids from aqueous hydrogen cyanide. Journal of Molecular Biology 30, 223-253.
    • (1967) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.30 , pp. 223-253
    • Sanchez, R.A.1    Ferri, J.P.2    Orgel, L.E.3
  • 188
    • 0020014361 scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of HCN oligomerization by formaldehyde and related compounds: Implications for prebiotic synthesis
    • SCHWARTZ, A.W. & GOVERDE, M. 1982. Acceleration of HCN oligomerization by formaldehyde and related compounds: Implications for prebiotic synthesis. Journal of Molecular Evolution 18, 351-353.
    • (1982) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 351-353
    • Schwartz, A.W.1    Goverde, M.2
  • 189
    • 0027621778 scopus 로고
    • Did surface temperatures constrain micobial evolution
    • SCHWARTZMAN, D., MCMENAMIN, M. & VOLK, T. 1993. Did surface temperatures constrain micobial evolution. Bioscience 43, 390-393.
    • (1993) Bioscience , vol.43 , pp. 390-393
    • Schwartzman, D.1    Mcmenamin, M.2    Volk, T.3
  • 190
    • 33746115187 scopus 로고
    • Thio complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions
    • SEWARD, T.M. 1973. Thio complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 379-399.
    • (1973) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.37 , pp. 379-399
    • Seward, T.M.1
  • 191
    • 0026269169 scopus 로고
    • Phase equilibria constraints on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges
    • SEYERIED, W.E., KANG DING & BERNDT, M. 1991. Phase equilibria constraints on the chemistry of hot spring fluids at mid-ocean ridges. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, 3559-3580.
    • (1991) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.55 , pp. 3559-3580
    • Seyeried, W.E.1    Ding, K.2    Berndt, M.3
  • 192
  • 193
    • 0030323920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal systems as environments for the emergence of life
    • BOCK, G.R. & GOODE, J. A. (eds) Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars?)
    • _ 1996. Hydrothermal systems as environments for the emergence of life. In: BOCK, G.R. & GOODE, J. A. (eds) Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars?), CIBA Foundation Symposium, 202, 40-52.
    • (1996) CIBA Foundation Symposium , vol.202 , pp. 40-52
  • 194
    • 4043132109 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal systems as locations of organic synthesis on the early Earth and Mars
    • P21A-6
    • _ & SCHULTE, M.D. 1995. Hydrothermal systems as locations of organic synthesis on the early Earth and Mars. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 76/46 Supplement, (P21A-6), F335.
    • (1995) EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union , vol.76 , Issue.46 SUPPL.
    • Schulte, M.D.1
  • 195
    • 0028974644 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical constraints on chemolithoautotrophic reactions in hydrothermal systems
    • _, MCCOLLOM, T. & SCHULTE, M.D. 1995. Geochemical constraints on chemolithoautotrophic reactions in hydrothermal systems. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 25, 141-159.
    • (1995) Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere , vol.25 , pp. 141-159
    • Mccollom, T.1    Schulte, M.D.2
  • 196
    • 0001734416 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation state of Earth's ocean and atmosphere I. A model calculation on earlier states. the myth of the "probiotic soup"
    • SILLEN, L.G. 1965. Oxidation state of Earth's ocean and atmosphere I. A model calculation on earlier states. The myth of the "probiotic soup". Arkiv för Kemi, Bd 24, nr 30, 431-456.
    • (1965) Arkiv för Kemi , vol.24 , Issue.30 , pp. 431-456
    • Sillen, L.G.1
  • 197
    • 4244097009 scopus 로고
    • Strontium isotopic contamination and oxidation during ocean floor hydrothermal metamorphism of the ophiolitic rocks of the Troodos Massif, Cyprus
    • SPOONER, E.T.C., CHAPMAN, H.J. & SMEWING, J.D. 1977. Strontium isotopic contamination and oxidation during ocean floor hydrothermal metamorphism of the ophiolitic rocks of the Troodos Massif, Cyprus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41, 873-890.
    • (1977) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.41 , pp. 873-890
    • Spooner, E.T.C.1    Chapman, H.J.2    Smewing, J.D.3
  • 198
    • 0025306985 scopus 로고
    • Conservation of hydrogenase and polyferredoxin structures in the hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus
    • STEIGERWALD, V.J., BECKLER, G.S. & REEVE, J.N. 1990. Conservation of hydrogenase and polyferredoxin structures in the hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 4715-4718.
    • (1990) Journal of Bacteriology , vol.172 , pp. 4715-4718
    • Steigerwald, V.J.1    Beckler, G.S.2    Reeve, J.N.3
  • 199
    • 0000498196 scopus 로고
    • Life at the upper temperature border
    • TRAN THAN VAN, J., TRAN THAN VAN, K., MOUNOLOU, J. C., SCHNEIDER, J. & MCKAY, C. (eds) Editions Frontieres, Gif-sur-Yvetle
    • STETTER, K.O. 1992. Life at the upper temperature border. In: TRAN THAN VAN, J., TRAN THAN VAN, K., MOUNOLOU, J. C., SCHNEIDER, J. & MCKAY, C. (eds) Frontiers of Life. Editions Frontieres, Gif-sur-Yvetle, 195-219.
    • (1992) Frontiers of Life , pp. 195-219
    • Stetter, K.O.1
  • 200
    • 0029991767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermophilic procaryotes
    • _ 1996. Hyperthermophilic procaryotes. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 18, 149-158.
    • (1996) FEMS Microbiology Reviews , vol.18 , pp. 149-158
  • 201
    • 0002142225 scopus 로고
    • Ferredoxins, hydrogenases and nitrogenases: Metal-sulfide proteins
    • BERTINI, I., GRAY, H.B., LIPPARD, S.J. & VALENTINE, J.S. (eds) University Science Books, California
    • STIEFEL, E.I. & GEORGE, G.N. 1994. Ferredoxins, hydrogenases and nitrogenases: Metal-sulfide proteins. In: BERTINI, I., GRAY, H.B., LIPPARD, S.J. & VALENTINE, J.S. (eds) Bioinorganic Chemistry. University Science Books, California, 365-454.
    • (1994) Bioinorganic Chemistry , pp. 365-454
    • Stiefel, E.I.1    George, G.N.2
  • 203
  • 205
    • 0014546747 scopus 로고
    • Nickelian mackinawite from Vlakfontein, Transvaal
    • VAUGHAN, D.J. 1969. Nickelian mackinawite from Vlakfontein, Transvaal. American Mineralogist, 54, 1190-1193.
    • (1969) American Mineralogist , vol.54 , pp. 1190-1193
    • Vaughan, D.J.1
  • 206
    • 0008660370 scopus 로고
    • Nickelian mackinawite from Vlakfontein, Transvaal: A reply
    • _ 1970. Nickelian mackinawite from Vlakfontein, Transvaal: a reply. American Mineralogist, 55, 1807-1808.
    • (1970) American Mineralogist , vol.55 , pp. 1807-1808
  • 207
    • 0000631264 scopus 로고
    • Mössbauer studies of some sulphide minerals
    • _ & RIDOUT, M.S. 1971. Mössbauer studies of some sulphide minerals. Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry 33, 741-746.
    • (1971) Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry , vol.33 , pp. 741-746
    • Ridout, M.S.1
  • 210
    • 0025665773 scopus 로고
    • Sea floor hydrothermal activity: Black smoker chemistry and chimneys
    • VON DAMM, K.L. 1990. Sea floor hydrothermal activity: Black smoker chemistry and chimneys. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 18, 173-204.
    • (1990) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.18 , pp. 173-204
    • Von Damm, K.L.1
  • 211
    • 84929718232 scopus 로고
    • Pyrite formation, the first energy source for life: A hypothesis
    • WÄCHTERSHÄUSER, G. 1988. Pyrite formation, the first energy source for life: A hypothesis. Systematic Applied Microbiology 10, 207-210.
    • (1988) Systematic Applied Microbiology , vol.10 , pp. 207-210
    • Wächtershäuser, G.1
  • 213
    • 0026444704 scopus 로고
    • Groundworks for an evolutionary biochemistry: The iron-suphur world
    • _ 1992. Groundworks for an evolutionary biochemistry: The iron-suphur world. Progress in Biophysics and Molececular Biology 58, 85-201.
    • (1992) Progress in Biophysics and Molececular Biology , vol.58 , pp. 85-201
  • 214
    • 0004199249 scopus 로고
    • Life in the second and third periods; or why phosphorous and sulphur for high energy bonds?
    • KASHA, M. & PULLMAN, B. (eds) Academic Press, New York
    • WALD, G. 1962. Life in the second and third periods; or why phosphorous and sulphur for high energy bonds? In: KASHA, M. & PULLMAN, B. (eds) Horizons in Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York, 127-141.
    • (1962) Horizons in Biochemistry , pp. 127-141
    • Wald, G.1
  • 216
    • 0000615462 scopus 로고
    • Oparin's reactions revisited: Enzymatic synthesis of poly(adenylic acid) in micelles and self-reproducing vesicles
    • WALDE, P., GOTO, A., MONNARD, P-A., WESSICKEN, M. & LUISI, P.L. 1994. Oparin's reactions revisited: Enzymatic synthesis of poly(adenylic acid) in micelles and self-reproducing vesicles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, 7541-7547.
    • (1994) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.116 , pp. 7541-7547
    • Walde, P.1    Goto, A.2    Monnard, P.-A.3    Wessicken, M.4    Luisi, P.L.5
  • 218
    • 0025713399 scopus 로고
    • Goodbye to the warm little pond?
    • WARDRUP, M.M. 1990. Goodbye to the warm little pond? Science. 250, 1078-1080.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 1078-1080
    • Wardrup, M.M.1
  • 219
    • 0012339031 scopus 로고
    • The solubility of hydrogen in water at 0, 50, 75 and 100○ from 25 to 1000 atmospheres
    • WIEBE, R. & GADDY, V.L. 1934. The solubility of hydrogen in water at 0, 50, 75 and 100○ from 25 to 1000 atmospheres. Journal of the American Chemical Society 56, 76-79.
    • (1934) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.56 , pp. 76-79
    • Wiebe, R.1    Gaddy, V.L.2
  • 221
    • 4043065426 scopus 로고
    • Electron migration in iron compounds
    • SAN PIETRO, A. (ed.) The Antioch Press Yellow Springs, Ohio
    • _ 1965. Electron migration in iron compounds. In: SAN PIETRO, A. (ed.) Non-Heme Iron Proteins: Role in Energy Conversion. The Antioch Press Yellow Springs, Ohio, 7-22.
    • (1965) Non-Heme Iron Proteins: Role in Energy Conversion , pp. 7-22
  • 223
    • 0017749245 scopus 로고
    • The concept of cellular evolution
    • _ & Fox, G.E. 1977. The concept of cellular evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 10, 1-6.
    • (1977) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 1-6
    • Fox, G.E.1
  • 224
    • 0025300402 scopus 로고
    • Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposals for the domains Archaea. Bacteria, and Eucarya
    • _, KANDLER, O. & WHEELIS, M.L. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposals for the domains Archaea. Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 87, 4576-4579.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA , vol.87 , pp. 4576-4579
    • Kandler, O.1    Wheelis, M.L.2
  • 225
    • 4043106737 scopus 로고
    • La formation artificielle de l'urée
    • WÖHLER, F. 1828. La formation artificielle de l'urée. Annales de Chimie et de Physique 37, 330-334.
    • (1828) Annales de Chimie et de Physique , vol.37 , pp. 330-334
    • Wöhler, F.1
  • 226
    • 0026619677 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of methanogensis
    • DANSON, M.J., HUUGH, D.W. & LUNT, G.G. (eds) The Archaebacteria. Portland Press, London
    • WOLEE, R.S. 1992. Biochemistry of methanogensis. In: DANSON, M.J., HUUGH, D.W. & LUNT, G.G. (eds) The Archaebacteria. Biochemical Society Symposium, 58. Portland Press, London, 41-49.
    • (1992) Biochemical Society Symposium , vol.58 , pp. 41-49
    • Wolee, R.S.1
  • 228
    • 0022308438 scopus 로고
    • Inorganic pyrophosphate and pyrophosphates as sources of energy
    • _ 1985. Inorganic pyrophosphate and pyrophosphates as sources of energy. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation 26, 355-369.
    • (1985) Current Topics in Cellular Regulation , vol.26 , pp. 355-369
  • 229
    • 0026358279 scopus 로고
    • Volcanic production of polyphosphates and its relevance to prebiotic evolution
    • YAMAGATA, Y., WANATABE, H., SAITOH, M. & NAMBA, T. 1991. Volcanic production of polyphosphates and its relevance to prebiotic evolution. Nature 352, 516-519.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 516-519
    • Yamagata, Y.1    Wanatabe, H.2    Saitoh, M.3    Namba, T.4
  • 230
    • 0029749889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-driven lake eruptions
    • 2-driven lake eruptions. Nature 379, 57-59.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 57-59
    • Zhang, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.