Cigarette smoking, sex hormones and bone density in women

European Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 553-558

  Law, M R ^a   Cheng, R ^a   Hackshaw, A K ^a   Allaway, S ^b   Hale, A K ^b  

^a ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b BUPA Medical Research   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bone mineral density; Oestrogens; Sex hormones; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; FOLLITROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; PROLACTIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FOLLITROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; NORMAL HUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANDROGENS; ANDROSTENEDIONE; BONE DENSITY; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGENS; ESTRONE; FEMALE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; PREMENOPAUSE; SMOKING;

EID: 0030875523     PISSN: 03932990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007389712487     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baron JA, La Vecchia C, Levi F. The antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 502-514.
2. Barbeieri RL, Gochberg J, Ryan KJ. Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1727-1733.
3. Michnovicz JJ, Hershcopf RJ, Naganuma H, Bradlow HL, Fishman J. Increased 2-hydroxylation of estradiol as a possible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking. New Engl J Med 1986; 315: 1305-1309.
4. Bauer CC, Browner WS, Cauley JA, et al. Factors associated with appendicular bone mass in older women. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 657-665.
5. Rundgren Å, Mellström D. The effect of tobacco smoking on the bone mineral content of the ageing skeleton. Mech Ageing Dev 1984; 28: 273-277.
6. Hollenbach KA, Barrett-Connor E, Edelstein SL, Holbrook T. Cigarette smoking and bone mineral density in older men and women. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1265-1270.
7. Reed MJ, Change RW, Noel CT, Dudley HAF, James VHT. Plasma levels of estrone, estrone sulfate, and estradiol and the percentage of unbound estradiol in postmenopausal women with and without breast disease. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 3940-3943.
8. Knight GJ, Wylie P, Holman MS, Haddow JE. Improved 125-I radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge antibodies. Clin Chem 1985; 31: 118-121.
9. Fehily AM, Coles RJ, Evans WD, Elwood PC. Factors affecting bone density in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56: 579-586.
10. Välimäki MJ, Kärkkäinen M, Lamberg-Allardt C, et al. Exercise, smoking, and calcium intake during adolescence and early adulthood as determinants of peak bone mass. BMJ 1994; 309: 230-235.
11. Ortego-Centeno N, Muñoz-Torres M, Hernandez-Quero J, Durado-Duce A, de la Higuera Torres-Buchol J. Bone mineral density, sex steroids, and mineral metabolism in premenopausal smokers. Calcif Tissue Int 1994; 55: 403-407.
12. McCulloch RG, Bailey DA, Houston CS, Dodd BL. Effects of physical activity, dietary calcium intake and selected lifestyle factors on bone density in young women. Can Med Assoc J 1990; 142: 221-227.
13. Daniel M, Martin AD, Drinkwater DT. Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women. Calcif Tissue Int 1992; 50: 300-305.
14. Mazess RB, Barden HS. Bone density in premenopausal women: Effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 132-142.
15. Sowers MR, Clark MK, Hollis B, Wallace RB, Jannausch M. Radial bone mineral density in pre- and perimenopausal women: A prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss. J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7: 647-657.
16. Johnell O, Nilsson BE. Life-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1984; 36: 354-356.
17. Jensen J, Christiansen C, Rødbro P. Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 973-975.
18. Jensen J, Christiansen C. Effects of smoking on serum lipoproteins and bone mineral content during post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 820-825.
19. Slemenda CW, Hui SL, Longcope C, Johnston CC. Cigarette smoking, obesity, and bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 1989; 4: 737-741.
20. McDermott MT, Witte MC. Bone mineral content in smokers. South Med J 1988; 81: 477-480.
21. Sowers MF, Wallace RB, Lemke JH. Correlates of mid-radius bone density among postmanpausal women: A community study. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 1045-1053.
22. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Smoking and bone loss among postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6: 331-338.
23. Schlemmer A, Jensen J, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. Smoking induces increased androgen levels in early post-menopausal women. Maturitas 1990; 12: 99-104.
24. Longcope C, Johnston CC. Androgen and estrogen dynamics in pre- and postmenopausal women: A comparison between smokers and nonsmokers. J Clin Endrocrinol Metabl 1988; 67: 379-383.
25. Friedman AJ, Ravnikar VA, Barbieri RL. Serum steroid hormone profiles in postmenopausal smokers and nonsmokers. Fertil Steril 1987; 47: 398-401.
26. Key TJA, Pike MC, Baron JA, et al. Cigarette smoking and steroid hormones in women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 39: 529-534.
27. Cauley JA, Gutai JP, Kuller LH, LeDonne D, Powell JG. The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 1120-1131.
28. Cassidenti DL, Vijod AG, Vijod MA, Stanczyk FZ, Lobo RA. Short-term effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetic profiles of micronized estradiol in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1953-1960.
29. Austin H, Drews C, Partridge EE. A case-control study of endometrial cancer in relation to cigarette smoking, serum estrogen levels, and alcohol use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 1086-1091.
30. Baron JA, Comi RJ, Cryns V, Brinck-Johnsen T, Mercer NG. The effect of cigarette smoking on adrenal cortical hormones. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 272: 151-155.
31. Khaw K-T, Tazuke S, Barrett-Connor E. Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in post-menopausal women. New Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1705-1709.
32. Cassidenti DL, Pike MC, Vijod AG, Stanczyk FZ, Lobo RA. A reevaluation of estrogen status in post-menopausal women who smoke. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1444-1448.
33. Riebel GD, Boden SD, Whitesides TE, Hutton WC. The effect of nicotine on incorporation of cancellous bone graft in an animal model. Spine 1995; 20: 2198-2202.