Estimating seed quantity and quality in shortleaf pine (pinus echinata mill.) cones from natural stands

New Forests

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 45-53

  Wittwer, R F ^a   Tauer, C G ^a   Huebschmann, M M ^a   Huang, Y ^a  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Natural regeneration; Seed tree method; Single tree selection method

Indexed keywords

SEED CONE; SEED YIELD; SHORTLEAF PINE;

USA, ARKANSAS;

PINACEAE; PINUS ECHINATA;

EID: 0030874433     PISSN: 01694286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006528302718     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Baker, J. B. 1992. Natural regeneration of shortleaf pine, pp. 102-112. In: Proc. Shortleaf Pine Regeneration Workshop. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-90.
2. Barnett, J. P. 1971. Flotation in ethanol reduces storability of southern pine seeds. For. Sci. 17: 50-51.
3. Bramlett, D. L. and Hutchinson, J. G. 1964. Estimating sound seed per cone in shortleaf pine. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SE-18. 2 pp.
4. Bramlett, D. L., Belcher, E. W. Jr., DeBarr, G. L., Hertel, G. D., Karrfalt, R. P., Lantz, C. W., Miller, T., Ware, K. D. and Yates, H. O. III. 1977. Cone analysis of southern pines - a guidebook. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-13. 28 pp.
5. Coulson, R. N. and Franklin, R. T. 1968. Frequency of occurrence of cone- and seed-destroying insects on shortleaf pine in the Georgia Piedmont. J. Econ. Entomol. 61: 1026-1027.
6. Coulson, R. N. and Franklin, R. T. 1970. Populations of Dioryctria spp. (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in relation to cone destruction. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 5: 197-202.
7. Fatzinger, C. W., Hertel, G. D., Merkel, E. P., Pepper, W. D. and Cameron, R. D. 1980. Identification and sequential occurrence of mortality factors affecting seed yields of southern pine seed orchards. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-216. 41 pp.
8. Huffman, G. R. 1988. Use of the inventory-monitoring system for shortleaf and eastern white pine cone and seed crops at the Beech Creek Seed Orchard. Tree Planters' Notes 39: 23-29.
9. Krugman, S. L. and Jenkinson, J. L. 1974. Pinus L. Pine, pp. 598-638. In: Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Hand. 450.
10. McLemore, B. F. 1962. Predicting yields of southern pine cones. J. For. 60: 639-641.
11. Read, R. A. 1953. Forecasting shortleaf pine seed crops. USDA For. Serv. South. For. Notes No. 85: 2-3.
12. SAS Institute, Inc. 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03 Edition. 1028 pp.
13. Seidel, K. W. 1970. Estimating cone yield of shortleaf pine. Tree Planters' Notes 21(3): 10-11.
14. Shelton, M. G. and Wittwer, R. F. 1995. Forecasting loblolly and shortleaf pine seed crops. In: Proc. Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conf. 1994 Nov. 1-3, 1994; Auburn, AL. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-1.
15. Shelton, M. G. and Wittwer, R. F. 1996. Seed production in natural shortleaf pine stands in the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2): 74-80.
16. Sprague, J., Jett, J. B. and Zobel, B. 1979. The management of southern pine seed orchards to increase seed production, pp. 145-162. In: Bonner, F. (Ed) Proc. Flowering and Seed Development In Trees: A Symposium. Mississippi State Univ., May 15-18, 1978.
17. Stein, C. 1945. A two-sample test for a linear hypothesis whose power is independent of the variance. Ann. Math. Stat. 16: 243-258.
18. Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York. 481 pp.
19. Sword, M. A. and Barnett, J. P. 1992. Research needs for improving shortleaf pine regeneration, pp. 187-190. In: Proc. Shortleaf Pine Regeneration Workshop. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-90.
20. VanHaverbeke, D. F. and Barber, J. C. 1964. Seed crop estimation in a loblolly pine seed production area. Ga. For. Res. Council Res. Pap. 21. 5 p.
21. Yocom, H. A. 1971. Releasing shortleaf pines increases cone and seed production. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SO-125. 2 p.
22. Yocom, H. A. and Lawson, E. R. 1977. Tree percentage from naturally regenerated shortleaf pine. South. J. Appl. For. 1: 10-11.