The effects of oral glutamine supplementation on athletes after prolonged, exhaustive exercise

Nutrition

Volumn 13, Issue 7-8, 1997, Pages 738-742

  Castell, Linda M ^a   Newsholme, Eric A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Athletes; Exhaustive exercise; Glutamine; Immune system; Infection; Oral supplementation

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMINE;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; ATHLETE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE CONTROL; EXERCISE; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFECTION RISK; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ELAGATIS;

EID: 0030874363     PISSN: 08999007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)83036-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (27)

1. Nieman D. Exercise, infection, and immunity. Int J Sports Med 1994;15:S131.
2. Brenner IKM, Shek PN, Shepherd RJ. Infection in athletes. Sports Med 1994;17:69
3. Hoffman-Goetz L, Pedersen BK. Exercise and the immune system. Immunol Today 1994;15:382
4. Shepherd RJ, Rhind S, Shek PJ. Exercise and the immune system. Sports Med 1994;18:340.
5. Weidner TG. Literature review: upper respiratory illness and sport and exercise. Int J Sports Med 1994;15:1
6. Ardawi MSM, Newsholme EA. Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat. Biochem J 1983;212:835
7. Newsholme EA, Crabtree B, Ardawi MSM. Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. Q J Exp Physiol 1985;70:473
8. Newsholme EA, Calder PC. The proposed role of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and speculative consequences for the whole animal. Nutrition 1997;13:728
9. Parry-Billings M, Evans J, Calder PC, Newsholme EA. Does glutamate contribute to immunosuppression? Lancet 1990a;336:523
10. Calder PC. Requirement for both glutamine and arginine by proliferating lymphocytes. Proc Nutr Soc 1995;54:123A
11. Powell H, Castell LM, Parry-Billings M, et al. Growth hormone suppression and glutamine flux associated with cardiac surgery. Clin Physiol 1994;14:569
12. Parry-Billings M, Blomstrand E, McAndrew N, Newsholme EA. A communicational link between skeletal muscle, brain, and cells of the immune system. Int J Sports Med 1990b;11:S122
13. Castell LM. The role of some amino acids in exercise, fatigue and immunosuppression. MSc Thesis, University of Oxford, UK 1996
14. Pedersen BK, Tuede N, Christensen LD, et al. Natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood of highly trained and untrained persons. Int J Sports Med 1989;10:129
15. Eskola J, Ruuskanen O, Soppi E, et al. Effect of sport stress on lymphocyte transformation and antibody formation. Clin Exp Immunol 1978;32:339
16. Gmunder FK, Lorenzi G, Bechler B, et al. Effect of long-term physical exercise on lymphocyte reactivity: similarity to spaceflight reactions. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988;59:146
17. Pedersen BK. Influence of physiological activity on the cellular immune system: mechanisms of action. Int J Sports Med 1991;12:S23
18. Castell LM, Liu CT, Newsholme EA. Diurnal variation of plasma glutamine in normal and fasting humans. Proc Nutr Soc 1995;54:118A
19. Noakes TD. The lore of running. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992
20. Newsholme EA, Leech AR, Duester G. Keep on running. Chichester: Wiley, 1994
21. Noakes TD. Hyponatraemia. Insider, Mannheim Isostar Publishing, 1995:3
22. Bernt E, Bergmeyer HU. L-Glutamine, UV assay with glutamine dehydrogenase and NAD. In: Bergmeyer HU, ed. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Volume 4. New York: Academic Press, 1974:1704
23. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE. Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine. J Biol Chem 1974;249:5070
24. Castell LM, Poortmans J, Newsholme EA. Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections in athletes? Eur J Appl Physiol 1996;73:488
25. Nash HL. Can exercise make us immune to disease? Physician and Sportsmed 1986;14:251
26. Shepherd RJ, Verde TJ, Thomas SG, Shek P. Physical activity and the immune system. Can J Sports Sci 1991;16:163
27. Castell LM, Poortmans JR, Leclercq R, Brasseur M, Duchateau J, Newsholme EA. Some aspects of the acute phase response after a marathon race, and the effects of glutamine supplementation. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997;75:47