The role of tachykinin receptor antagonists in the prevention of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and cough

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1892-1906

  Advenier, C ^a   Lagente, V ^b   Boichot, E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

Author keywords

Airway inflammation; Cough; Hyperresponsiveness; Substance P; Tachykinin receptor

Indexed keywords

TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST;

ASTHMA; BRONCHUS HYPERREACTIVITY; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; COUGHING; EXTRAVASATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LUNG FUNCTION; MEDIATOR RELEASE; MICROVASCULATURE; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY; COUGH; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; RECEPTORS, TACHYKININ; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

EID: 0030874037     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.97.10081892     Document Type: Review

References (196)

1. Lembeck F, Holzer P. Substance P as neurogenic mediator of antidromic vasodilation and neurogenic plasma extravasation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1970; 310: 175-183.
2. Lundberg JM, Sana A. Polypeptide-containing neurons in airway smooth muscle. Ann Rev Physiol 1987; 49: 557-572.
3. Ellis JL, Undem BJ. Pharmacology of nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves in airway smooth muscle. Pulm Pharmacol 1994; 7: 205-223.
4. Fischer A, McGregor GP, Saria A, Philippin B, Kummer W. Induction of tachykinin gene and peptide expression in guinea-pig nodose primary afferent neurons by allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 2284-2291.
5. Lundberg JM. Pharmacology of co-transmission in the autonomic nervous system: integrative aspects on amines, neuropeptides, adenosine triphosphate, amino acids and nitric oxide. Pharmacol Rev 1996; 48: 113-178.
6. Guard S, Watson SP. Tachykinin receptor types: classification and membrane signalling mechanisms. Neurochem Int 1991; 18: 149-165.
7. Frossard N, Advenier C. Tachykinin receptors and the airways. Life Sci 1991; 49: 1941-1953.
8. Maggi CA. Tachykinin receptors and airway pathophysiology. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 735-742.
9. Baluk P, Bunnett NW, McDonald DM. Localization of tachykinin NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 receptors in airways by immunohistochemistry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A161.
10. Buell G, Schulz MF, Arkinstall SJ, et al. Molecular characterisation, expression and localisation of human neurokinin-3 receptor. FEBS Lett 1992; 299: 90-95.
11. Myers A, Undem B. Electrophysiological effects of tachykinins and capsaicin on guinea-pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurones. J Physiol 1993; 470: 665-679.
12. 3 receptor antagonist, SR 142801, of substance P-induced microvascular leakage hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A163.
13. Snider RM, Constantine JW, Lowe III JA, et al. A potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK-1) receptor. Science 1991; 251: 435-437.
14. Garret C, Carruette A, Fardin V, et al. Pharmacological properties of a potent and selective nonpeptide substance P antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 10208-10211.
15. 1, receptor antagonist, FK 888. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 107: 785-789.
16. 1 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 250: 403-413.
17. Gitter BD, Bruns RF, Howbert JJ, et al. Pharmacological characterization of LY303870: a novel, potent and selective nonpeptide substance P (neurokinin-1) receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 275: 737-744.
18. 1 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116: 3149-3157.
19. 2 receptor selective antagonist, MEN 10,376. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 257: 1172-1178.
20. 2) receptor. Life Sci 1992; 50: PL101-PL106.
21. 2) receptor revisited with SR 48968, a potent nonpeptide antagonist. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 184: 1418-1424.
22. 2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271: 1495-1500.
23. 2-receptors, GR159897. Abstract. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 112: 48P.
24. 3 receptor. Life Sci 1994; 56: PL27-PL32.
25. 2 receptor antagonist, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins and sensory stimulation in guinea-pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 261: 403-408.
26. 2, receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 294: 677-684.
27. Kudlacz EM, Shatzer SA, Knippenberg RW, et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of MDL 105,212A, a nonpeptide NK-1/NK-2 tachykinin receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 277: 840-851.
28. Regoli D, Boudon A, Fauchère JL. Receptors and antagonists for substance P and related peptides. Pharmacol Rev 1994; 46: 551-599.
29. 1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 271: 47-54.
30. Devillier P, Renoux M, Giroud JP, Regoli D. Peptides and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1985; 117: 89-96.
31. Boushey HA, Holtzman MJ, Sheller JR, Nadel JA. Bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 389-413.
32. O'Byrne PM. Allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 81: 119-127.
33. Barnes PJ. New concepts in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83: 1013-1026.
34. Holgate ST, Djukanovic R, Wilson J, Roche W, Howarth PH. Inflammatory processes and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy 1991; 21 (Suppl. 1): 30-36.
35. Bozic CR, Lu B, Höpken UE, Gerard C, Gerard NP. Neurogenic amplification of immune complex inflammation. Science 1996; 273: 1722-1725.
36. 2 in anaesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79: 1679-1686.
37. Lee LY, Morton RF. Histamine enhances vagal pulmonary C-fiber responses to capsaicin and lung inflation. Respir Physiol 1993; 93: 83-96.
38. Fox AJ, Lalloo UG, Belvisi MG, Bernareggi M, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Bradykinin-evoked sensitization of airway sensory nerves: a mechanism for ACE-inhibitor cough. Nature Med 1996; 2: 815-817.
39. Hay DWP, Torphy TJ, Undem BJ. Cysteinyl leukotrienes in asthma: old mediators up to new tricks. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1995; 6: 304-339.
40. Widdicombe JG. Neurophysiology of the cough reflex. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1193-1202.
41. Widdicombe JG. Receptors in the trachea and bronchi of the cat. J Physiol 1954; 123: 71-104.
42. Widdicombe JG. Sensory innervation of the lungs and airways. In: Cervero F, Morrison JFB, eds. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 67. Visceral Sensation. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1986; pp. 49-64.
43. Das RM, Jeffery PK, Widdicombe JG. The epithelial innervation of the lower respiratory tract of the cat. J Anat 1978; 126: 123-131.
44. Coleridge HM, Coleridge JCG. Reflex evoked from the tracheobronchial tree and lungs. In: Cherniack NS, Widdicombe JG, eds. Handbook of Physiology. 3. The Respiratory System. Vol. II. Control of Breathing. Bethesda, American Physiological Society, 1986; pp. 395-429.
45. Lundberg JM, Hokfelt T, Martling CR, Saria A, Cuello C. Substance P immunoreactive sensory nerves in the lower respiratory tract of various mammals including man. Cell Tissue Res 1984; 235: 251-261.
46. Omini C, Brunelli G, Hernandez A, Daffonchio L. Bradykinin and substance P potentiate acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm in guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 163: 195-197.
47. Umeno E, Hirose T, Nishima S. Pretreatment with aerosolized capsaicin potentiates histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 159-162.
48. Hsuie T, Garland A, Ray DW, Hershenson MB, Leff AR, Solway J. Endogenous sensory neuropeptide release enhances nonspecific airway responsiveness in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 148-153.
49. Boichot E, Lagente V, Paubert-Braquet M, Frossard N. Inhaled substance P induces activation of alveolar macrophages and increases airway responses in the guinea-pig. Neuropeptides 1993; 25: 307-313.
50. Van Oosterhout AJM, van Ark I, Hofman G, Van der Linde HJ, Fattah D, Nijkamp FP. Role of interleukin-5 and substance P in development of airway hyperreactivity to histamine in guinea-pigs. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 493-499.
51. Tamura G, Sakai K, Taniguchi Y. Neurokinin A-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in Japanese monkeys. J Exp Med 1989; 159: 69-73.
52. Cheung D, Van Der Veen H, Den Hartig J, Dijkmann JH, Sterk PJ. Effects of inhaled substance P on airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo. J Appl Physiol 1994; 77: 1325-1332.
53. 2 receptor antagonist, SR 48968, inhibits citric acid-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1496-1502.
54. Matsuse T, Thomson RJ, Chen XR, Salari H, Schellenberg RR. Capsaicin inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness but not lipoxygenase activity or eosinophilia after repeated aerosolized antigen in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 366-372.
55. Ladenius AR, Nijkamp FP. Capsaicin-pretreatment of guinea-pigs in vivo prevents ovalbumin-induced tracheal hyperreactivity in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 235: 127-131.
56. Sheppard D, Scypinski L. A tachykinin receptor antagonist inhibits and an inhibitor of tachykinin metabolism potentiates toluene diisocyanate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 547-551.
57. Jarreau PH, D'Ortho MP, Boyer V, Harf A, Macquin-Mavier I. Effects of capsaicin on the airway responses to inhaled endotoxin in the guinea-pig. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 128-133.
58. Perretti F, Manzini S. Activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibers modulates PAF-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 927-931.
59. Ladenius AR, Folkerts G, Van der Linde HJ, Nijkamp FP. Viral respiratory infection potentiates ovalbumin-induced guinea-pig tracheal hyperresponsiveness: role of tachykinins. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 115: 1048-1052.
60. Koto H, Aizawa H, Takata S, Inoue H, Hara N. An important role of tachykinins in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 1763-1769.
61. Buckley TL, Nijkamp FP. Airways hyperreactivity and cellular accumulation in a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the mouse: modulation by capsaicin-sensitive nerves. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 400-407.
62. Scheerens H, Buckley TL, Muis T, Van Loveren H, Nijkamp FP. The involvement of sensory neuropeptides in toluene diisocyanate-induced tracheal hyperreactivity in the mouse airways. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 119: 1665-1671.
63. Herd CM, Gozzard N, Page CP. Capsaicin pretreatment prevents the development of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatally immunised rabbits. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 282: 111-119.
64. 2 receptor antagonist, SR 48968, prevents substance P-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114: 259-261.
65. 2 receptor antagonist, in an allergic guinea-pig model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 279: 732-739.
66. 1 receptors in bronchial hypenresponsiveness induced by allergic reaction in guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117: 443-448.
67. 2 receptors in substance P-induced microvascular leakage hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1445-1450.
68. Yoshihara S, Geppetti P, Linden A, Hara M, Chan B, Nadel JA. Tachykinins mediate the potentiation of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction by cold air in guinea-pigs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 97: 756-760.
69. 2 receptor antagonist, in guinea-pig airways. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 273: 129-135.
70. Tocker JE, Gertner SB, Welton AF, Selig WM. Vagal stimulation augments pulmonary anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 461-469.
71. Fujimura M, Tsujiura M, Nomura M, Mizuguchi M, Matsuda T, Matsushima K. Sensory neuropeptides are not directly involved in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by interleukin-8 in guinea-pigs in vivo. Clin Exp Allergy 1996; 26: 357-362.
72. 2 antagonist, S-1452, in guinea-pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 1995; 25: 51-59.
73. Stimler-Gerard NP. Neutral endopeptidase-like enzyme controls the contractile activity of substance P in guinea-pig lung. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 1819-1825.
74. Thompson JE, Sheppard D. Phosphoramidon potentiates the increase in lung resistance mediated by tachykinins in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 337-340.
75. Dusser DJ, Djokic TD, Borson DB, Nadel JA. Cigarette smoke induces bronchoconstrictor hyperresponsiveness to substance P and inactivates airway neutral endopeptidase in the guinea-pig: possible role of free radicals. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 900-906.
76. Dusser DJ, Jacoby DB, Djokic TD, Rubinstein I, Borson DB, Nadel JA. Virus induces airway hyperresponsiveness to tachykinins: role of neutral endopeptidase. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 1504-1511.
77. Daffonchio L, Hernandez A, Gallico L, Omini C. Airway hyperreactivity induced by active cigarette smoke exposure in guinea-pigs: possible role of sensory neuropeptides. Pulm Pharmacol 1990; 3: 161-166.
78. Elwood W, Lötvall JO, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine and to tachykinins after respiratory virus infection in the guinea-pig. Ann Allergy 1993; 70: 231-236.
79. Boichot E, Lagente V, Le Gall G, et al. Bronchial responses to substance P after antigen challenge in the guinea-pig: in vivo and in vitro studies. Med Inf 1992; 1: 207-212.
80. Erjefält I, Persson CGA. Pharmacologic control of plasma exudation into tracheobronchial airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 1008-1014.
81. 1, receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 105: 261-262.
82. Bertrand C, Geppeti P, Graf PD, Foresi A, Nadel JA. Involvement of neurogenic inflammation in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: L507-L511.
83. Bertrand C, Geppetti P, Baker J, Yamawaki I, Nadel JA. Role of neurogenic inflammation in antigen-induced vascular extravasation in guinea-pig trachea. J Immunol 1993; 150: 1479-1485.
84. Rogers DF, Belvisi MG, Aursudkij B, Evans TW, Barnes PJ. Effects and interactions of sensory neuropeptides on airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1988; 95: 1109-1116.
85. Lazzaret F, Chauveau M, Weber S, Lockhart A, Frossard N. Inhibition of substance P-induced microvascular leakage by inhaled methoxamine in rat airways. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 113: 649-655.
86. Lötvall JO, Lemenn RJ, Hui KP, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Airflow obstruction after substance P aerosol: contribution of airway and pulmonary oedema. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 1473-1478.
87. Umeno E, Nadel JY, Huang HT, McDonald DM. Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase potentiates neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. J Appl Physiol 1989; 66: 2647-2652.
88. Qian Y, Emonds-Alt X, Advenier C. Effects of capsaicin, (±)-CP-96,345 and SR 48968 on the bradykinin-induced airways microvascular leakage. Pulm Pharmacol 1993; 6: 63-67.
89. 1 receptor blockade. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114: 1483-1489.
90. 1 receptor antagonists and the role of endogenous mediators. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114: 1343-1350.
91. Inoue H, Nagata N, Koshihara Y. Effect of the tachykinin receptor antagonists, SR 140333, FK 888 and SR 142801, on capsaicin-induced mouse ear oedema, Inflamm Res 1996; 45: 303-307.
92. 2 receptors mediate plasma extravasation in guinea-pig lower airways. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 108: 383-386.
93. Biyah K, Molimard M, Emonds-Alt X, Advenier C. SR 140333, prevents potentiation by citric acid of plasma exudation induced by histamine in airways. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 308: 325-328.
94. Joos GF, Germonpre PR, Kips JC, Peleman RA, Pauwels RA. Sensory neuropeptides and the human lower airways: present state and future directions. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 1161-1171.
95. Smith CH, Barker JNWN, Morris RW, McDonald DM, Lee TH. Neuropeptides induce rapid expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and elicit granulocyte infiltration in human skin. J Immunol 1993; 151: 3274-3282.
96. Iwamoto I, Tomoe S, Tomioka H, Yoshida S. Leukotriene B4 mediates substance P-induced granulocyte infiltration in mouse skin. J Immunol 1993; 151: 2116-2123.
97. Numao T, Agrawal DK. Neuropeptides modulate human eosinophil chemotaxis. J Immunol 1992; 149: 3309-3315.
98. 2 (SR 48968) receptor antagonists on antigen and substance P-induced activation of guinea-pig alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A417.
99. 2 receptors by CP 99,994 and SR 48968 prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in primates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A160.
100. Kaltreider HB, Ichikawa S, Byrd PK, et al. Upregulation of neuropeptide receptors in a murine model of immune inflammation in lung parenchyma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997; 16: 133-144.
101. Kroegel C, Giembycz MA, Barnes PJ. Characterization of eosinophil cell activation by peptides: differential effects of substance P, mellitin and f-met-leu-phe. J Immunol 1990; 145: 2581-2587.
102. Ruff MR, Wahl SM, Pert CB. Substance P receptor-mediated chemotaxis of human monocytes. Peptides 1985; 6: 107-111.
103. Marasco WA, Showell HJ, Becker EL. Substance P binds to the formylpeptide chemotaxis receptor on the rabbit neutrophil. Biochern Biophys Res Commun 1981; 99: 1065-1072.
104. Rabier M, Damon M, Chanez P, et al. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of PAF, histamine and neuromediators in bronchial asthma. J Lip Med 1991; 4: 265-275.
105. Perretti M, Ahluwalia A, Flower RJ, Manzini S. Endogenous tachykinins play a role in IL-1-induced neutrophil accumulation: involvement of NK-1 receptors. Immunology 1993; 80: 73-77.
106. Payan DG, Goetzl EJ. Substance P receptor-dependent responses of leukocytes in pulmonary inflammation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136: S39-S46.
107. Payan DG, Levine JD, Goetzl EJ. Modulation of immunity and hypersensitivity by sensory neuropeptides. J Immunol 1984; 132: 1601-1604.
108. Laurenzi MA, Persson MA, Dalsgaard CJ, Ringden O. Stimulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation by the neuropeptides substance P and neurokinin A. Scand J Immunol 1989; 30: 695-701.
109. Harrison NK, Dawes KF, Kwon OJ, Barnes PJ, Laurent GJ, Chung KF. Effects of neuropeptides on human lung fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: L278-L283.
110. Lotz M, Vaughan JH, Carson DA. Effect of neuropeptides on production of inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Science 1988; 241: 1218-1221.
111. Serra MC, Calzetti F, Ceska M, Cassatella MA. Effect of substance P on Superoxide anion and IL-8 production by human PMNL. Immunology 1994; 82: 63-69.
112. Calvo CF, Chavanel G, Senik A. Substance P enhances IL-2 expression in activated human T-cells. J Immunol 1992; 148: 3498-3504.
113. 1 receptors mediate leukocyte adhesion in neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. Am J Physiol (Lung Cell Mol Physiol 12) 1995; 268: L263-L269.
114. 2 receptors. Abstract. Fund Clin Pharmacol 1993; 7: 369.
115. Hartung HP, Toyka KV. Activation of macrophages by substance P: Induction of oxidative burst and thromboxane release. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 89: 301-305.
116. 1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 100: 417-420.
117. Brunelleschi S, Parenti A, Ceni E, Giotti A, Fantozzi R. Enhanced responsiveness of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig alveolar macrophages to tachykinins. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 107: 964-969.
118. 2 receptors. Am J Physiol 1996; 269: L631-L636.
119. Pujol JL, Bousquet J, Grenier J, et al. Substance P activation of bronchoalveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients and normal subjects. Clin Exp Allergy 1989; 19: 625-628.
120. Tam EK, Aufderheide J, Hua XY. Chymotryptic activity in perfusates of isolated rat trachea: correlation with mucosal and connective tissue mast cell secretion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 11: 321-328.
121. Lilly CM, Hall AE, Rodger IW, Kobzik L, Haley KJ, Drazen JM. Substance P-induced histamine release in tracheally-perfused guinea-pig lungs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78: 1234-1241.
122. Hua XY, Back SM, Tam EK. Substance P enhances electrical field stimulation-induced mast cell degranulation in rat trachea. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: L985-L991.
123. Mously M, Bueb JL, Bronner C, Rouot B, Landry Y. G protein activation: a receptor-independent mode of action for cationic amphiphilic neuropeptides and venom peptides. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990; 11: 358-362.
124. Ellis JL, Undem BJ. Antigen-induced enhancement of noncholinergic contractile responses to vagus nerve and electrical field stimulation in guinea-pig isolated trachea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 262: 646-653.
125. Colasurdo GN, Loader JE, Graves JP, Larsen GL. SP-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle in normal and allergen-sensitized rabbits: mechanism of action. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78: 428-432.
126. 2, bradykinin and histamine. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 137-141.
127. Coleridge HM, Coleridge JCG, Ginzel KH, Baker DG, Banzett RB, Morrison MA. Stimulation of "irritant" receptors and afferent C-fibres in the lung by prostaglandins. Nature (Lond) 1976; 264: 451-453.
128. Coleridge JCG, Coleridge HM. Afferent vagal C fibre innervation of the lungs and airways and its functional significance. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 99: 1-110.
129. 4. Exp Lung Res 1990; 16: 645-659.
130. Ellis JL, Undem BJ. Role of peptidoleukotrienes in capasaicin-sensitive sensory fibre-mediated responses in guinea-pig airways. J Physiol (Lond) 1991; 436: 469-484.
131. Germonpre PR, Joos GF, Everaert E, Kips JC, Pauwels RA. Characterization of neurogenic inflammation in the airways of two highly inbred rat strains. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 1796-1804.
132. Mitchell RW, Ndukwu IM, Herrnreiter A, et al. Differential tachykinin receptor subtype activation in capsaicin and KCl contractions of guinea-pig trachealis. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: L837-L842.
133. Riccio MM, Myers AC, Undem BJ. Immunomodulation of afferent neurons in guinea-pig isolated airway. J Physiol 1996; 491: 499-509.
134. Riccio MM, Proud D, Undem BJ. Enhancement of afferent nerve excitability in the airways by allergic inflammation. Pulm Pharmacol 1995; 8: 181-186.
135. Kageyama N, Ichinose M, Igarashi A, et al. Repeated allergen exposure enhances excitatory nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve-mediated bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea-pigs. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1439-1444.
136. McDonald DM, Schoeb TR, Lindsey JR. Mycoplasma pulmonis infections cause long-lasting potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in the respiratory tract of the rat. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 787-799.
137. McDonald DM. Upregulation of tachykinin receptors in chronic airway inflammation. Pulm Pharmacol 1995; 8: 203-206.
138. 1) receptors on airway blood vessels of rats with Mycoplasma pulmonis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: A719.
139. Galeazza MT, Garry MG, Yost HJ, Strait KA, Hargreaves KM, Seybold VS. Plasticity in the synthesis and storage of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in primary afferent neurons during peripheral inflammation. Neurosci 1995; 66: 443-458.
140. 3 type tachykinin receptor mRNA expression in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn is increased during adjuvant or formayl-induced nociception. J Neurosci 1994; 14: 712-720.
141. Braunstein G, Fajac I, Lacronique J, Frossard N. Clinical and inflammatory responses to exogenous tachykinins in allergic rhinitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 630-635.
142. Ollerenshaw SL, Jarvis D, Sullivan CE, Woolcock AJ. Substance P-immunoreactive nerves in airways from asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Eur Respir J 1991; 4: 673-682.
143. Howarth PH, Djukanovic HR, Wilson JW, Holgate ST, Springall DR, Polak JM. Mucosal nerves in endobronchial biopsies in asthma and nonasthma. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991; 94: 330-333.
144. Howarth PH, Springall DR, Redington AE, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST, Polak JM. Neuropeptide-containing nerves in endobronchial biopsies from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 13: 288-296.
145. Lilly CM, Bai TR, Shore SA, Hall AE, Drazen JM. Neuropeptide content of lungs from asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 548-553.
146. Nieber K, Baumgarten CR, Rathsack R, Furkert J, Oehme P, Kunkel G. Substance P and endorphin-like immunoreactivity in lavage fluids of subjects with and without allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 646-652.
147. Tomaki M, Ichinose M, Miura M, et al. Elevated substance P content in induced sputum from patients with asthma and patients with chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 613-617.
148. Adcock IM, Peters M, Gelder C, Shirasaki H, Brown CR, Barnes PJ. Increased tachykinin receptor gene expression in asthmatic lung and its modulation by steroids. J Mol Endocrinol 1993; 11: 1-7.
149. 2) receptor gene expression in inflammatory diseases. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: L309-L317.
150. Spina D, Page CP. Airway sensory nerves in asthma: targets for therapy? Pulm Pharmacol 1996; 9: 1-18.
151. Lundberg JM, Saria A. Capsaicin-induced desensitization of airway mucosa to cigarette smoke, mechanical and chemical irritants. Nature 1983; 302: 251-253.
152. Satoh H, Lou YP, Lundberg JM. Inhibitory effects of capsazepine and SR 48968 on citric acid-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 236: 367-372.
153. Forsberg K, Karlsson J-A, Theodorssont E, Lundberg JM, Persson CGA. Cough and bronchoconstriction mediated by capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the guinea-pig. Pulm Pharmacol 1988; 1: 33-39.
154. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Belvisi MG, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Capsazepine inhibits cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid but not hypertonic saline in guinea-pigs. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79: 1082-1087.
155. Laude EA, Higgins KS, Morice AH. A comparative study of the effects of citric acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin on the cough challenge in guinea-pig and man. Pulm Pharmacol 1993; 6: 171-175.
156. Armstrong DJ, Luck JC. A comparative study of irritant and type J receptors in the cat. Respir Physiol 1974; 21: 47-60.
157. 2 on airway sensory receptors of anaesthetized cats. J Physiol 1993; 6: 51-66.
158. Jansco G. Pathobiological reactions of C-fibre primary sensory neurones to peripheral nerve injury. Exp Physiol 19925; 77: 405-431.
159. Takahama K, Fuchikama T, Isohama Y, Kai H, Miyata T. Neurokinin A but not neurokinin B and substance P induces codeine-resistant coughs in awake guinea-pigs. Regul Pept 1993; 42: 236-237.
160. Kohrogi H, Graf PD, Sekizawa K, Borson DB, Nadel JA. Neutral endopeptidasc inhibitors potentiate substance P and capsaicin-induced cough in awake guinea-pigs. J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 2063-2068.
161. Fox AJ, Bernareggi M, Lalloo UG, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. The effect of substance P on the cough reflex and airway sensory nerves in guinea-pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A161.
162. Joos GF, Pauwels RA, Van Der Straeten ME. Effect of inhaled substance P and neurokinin A on the airways of normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1987; 42: 779-783.
163. 2-stimulant, on substance P-induced cough in normal subjects during upper respiratory tract infection. J Exp Med 1989; 158: 105-106.
164. Prabhakar NR, Runold M, Yamamoto Y, Lagercrantz H, Cherniack NS, von Euler C. Role of the vagal afferents in substance P-induced respiratory responses in anaesthetized rabbits. Acta Physiol Scand 1987; 131: 63-71.
165. Lalloo UG, Fox AJ, Bernareggi M, Belvisi MG, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Bradykinin sensitisation of airway sensory nerves: a mechanism for captopril-induced enhancement of the cough reflex. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A162.
166. 2 receptors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A162.
167. Kaufman MP, Coleridge HM, Coleridge JCG, Baker DG. Bradykinin stimulates afferent vagal C-fibres in intrapulmonary airways of dogs. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol 1980; 48: 511-517.
168. Saria A, Lundberg JM, Skofitsch G, Lembeck F. Vascular protein leakage in various tissues induced by substance P, capsaicin, bradykinin, serotonin, histamine and by antigen challenge. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1983; 324: 212-218.
169. Belvisi MG, Bernareggi M. Lalloo UG, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Fox AJ. Inhibitory effect of nedocromil on sensitization of the cough reflex in guinea-pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: A159.
170. Fuller RW, Choudry NH. Increased cough reflex associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cough. Br Med J 1987; 295: 1025-1026.
171. O'Connel F, Thomas VE, Studham JM, O'Neill TP, Fuller RW, Pride NB. Cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin during naturally occurring upper respiratory tract infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: A714.
172. Advenier C, Girard V, Naline E, Vilain P and Emonds-Alt X. Antitussive effect of SR 48968, a nonpeptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 250: 169-171.
173. Girard V, Naline E, Vilain P, Emonds-Alt X, Adenier C. Effect of the two tachykinin antagonists, SR 48968 and SR 140333, on cough induced by citric acid in the unanaesthetized guinea-pig. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1110-1114.
174. Yasumitsu R, Hirayama Y, Imai T, Miyayasu K, Hiroi J. Effects of specific tachykinin receptor antagonists on citric acid-induced cough and bronchoconstriction in unanaesthetized guinea-pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 300: 215-219.
175. 1 receptors involvement in capsaicin-induced cough in guinea-pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: A186.
176. Forsberg K, Karlsson JA, Zackrisson C, Persson CGA. Selective inhibition of cough and bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea-pig. Respiration 1992; 59: 72-76.
177. 1 but not the cough induced by hypotonic mist. Thorax 1984; 39: 766-770.
178. Jackson DM. The effect of nedocromil sodium, sodium cromoglycate and codeine phosphate, on citric acid-induced cough in dogs. Br J Pharmacol 1988; 93: 609-612.
179. 2 receptor antagonist inhibits antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea-pigs. Neuropeptides 1994; 26 (Suppl. 1): 39-40.
180. 1 receptor antagonist (CP 99,994) on hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction and cough in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: A1057.
181. Ujiie Y, Sekizawa K, Aikawa T, Sasaki H. Evidence for substance P as an endogenous substance causing cough in guinea-pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1628-1632.
182. Pong TM, Anderson SA, Yuh H, Huang RRC, Strader C. Differential activation of intracellular effector by two isoforms of human neurokinin-1 receptor. Mol Pharmacol 1992; 41: 24-30.
183. Mantyh PW, Rogers SD, Ghilardi JR, Maggio JE, Mantyh CR, Vigna SR. Differential expression of two isoforms of the neurokinin-1 (substance P) receptor in vivo. Brain Res 1996; 719: 8-13.
184. Tian Y, Wu L, Pu Y, Huang CC, Chung FZ. Structural motifs encoded by individual exons of the human neurokinin-1 receptor gene interact differentially with selective agonists and antagonists. J Neurochem 1996; 67: 1191-1199.
185. McLean S, Ganong P, Seymour PA, et al. Pharmacology of CP 99,994; a nonpeptide antagonist of the tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267: 472-479.
186. Rupniak NMJ, Williams AR. Differential inhibition of foot-tapping and chromodacryorrhoea in gerbils by CNS penetrant and nonpenetrant tachykinin NK receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 265: 179-185.
187. Barnes PJ. Modulation of neurotransmission in airways. Physiol Rev 1992; 72: 699-729.
188. Frossard N, Barnes PJ. μ-Opiod receptors modulate noncholinergic nerves in guinea-pig airways. Eur J Pharmacol 1987; 141: 519-521.
189. Persson CGA. Role of plasma exudation in asthmatic airways. Lancet 1986; ii: 1126-1128.
190. Boichot E, Lagente V, Carre C, Waltmann P, Menci-Huerta JM, Braquet P. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and cellular infiltration in the lung of guinea-pig sensitized and challenged by aerosol. Clin Exp Allergy 1991; 21: 67-76.
191. Boichot E, Richard MP, Paubert-Braquet M. Effect of cefadroxil on antigen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil accumulation in lung from sensitized guinea-pigs. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1993; 102: 87-93.
192. Lagente V, Boichot E, Carre C, Guinot P, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P. Effects of the platelet-activating factor antagonists, BN 52021 and BN 50730, on antigen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil infiltration in lung from sensitized guinea-pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 1993; 23: 1002-1010.
193. Spina D, McKenniff MG, Coyle AJ, et al. Effect of capsaicin on PAF-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary cell accumulation in the rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1991; 103: 1268-1274.
194. 2) receptors. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 1171-1181.
195. Joos GF, Scoor JV, Kips JC, Pauwels RA. The effect of inhaled FK224, a tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptor antagonist, on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1781-1784.
196. Van Schoor J, Joos GF, Chasson B, Brouard RJ, Pauwels RA. The effect of SR 48968, a nonpeptide neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 289s.