Eye movements and reading with simulated visual impairment

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 392-402

  Bowers, A R ^a   Reid, V M ^a  

^a GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTRAST; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; FILTER; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; TIME; VELOCITY; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VISUAL THRESHOLD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CATARACT; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; EYE MOVEMENTS; HEAD MOVEMENTS; HUMANS; PRINTING; READING; TIME FACTORS; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0030870388     PISSN: 02755408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0275-5408(97)00016-1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bailey, I. L., Clear, R. and Berman, S. (1993). Size as a determinant of reading speed. J.I.E.S. 22, 102-113.
2. Bailey, I. L. and Lovie, J. E. (1980). The design and use of a new near-vision chart. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. 57, 378-387.
3. Baldasare, J., Watson, G. R., Whittaker, S. G. and Miller-Schaffer, H. (1986). The development and evaluation of a reading test for low vision individuals with macular loss. J. Vis. Impairment Blind. 80, 758-789.
4. Beckmann, P. J. and Legge, G. E. (1996). Psychophysics of reading - XIV. The page navigation problem in using magnifiers. Vision Res. 36, 3723-3733.
5. Bowers, A. R. and Ackerley, R. G. (1994) Reading characteristics of normal observers using low vison aids. In: Low Vision - Research and New Developments in Rehabilitation (eds A. C. Kooijman, P. L. Looijestijn, J. A. Welling and G. J. van der Wildt), IOS press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 235-238.
6. den Brinker, B. P. L. M. and Bruggeman, H. (1996). Visual requirements for reading: The importance of a large field of view in reading with a magnifier. J. Videology 1, 27-38.
7. Bullimore, M. A. and Bailey, I. L. (1995). Reading and eye movements in age-related maculopathy. Optom. Vis. Sci. 72, 125-138.
8. Bullimore, M. A., Elliott, D. B., Patla, A. and Whitaker, D. (1994) Real world vision in simulated cataract. In: Vision Science and Its Applications, Vol. 2, Technical Digest Series, Optical Society of America, Washington DC, USA, pp. 198-201.
9. Carver, R. P. (1990) Reading Rate: A Review of Research and Theory. Academic Press Ltd., London.
10. Dickinson, C. M. and Rabbitt, P. M. A. (1991). Simulated visual impairment: effects on text comprehension and reading speed. Clin. Vis. Sci. 6, 301-308.
11. Elliot, D. B., Bullimore, M. A. and Bailey, I. L. (1991). Improving the reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test. Clin. Vis. Sci. 6, 471-475.
12. Fine, E. M., Peli, E. and Labianca, A. T. (1995). Reading dynamically displayed text with simulated cataract. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, S670.
13. Fotinakis, V. P. and Dickinson, C. M. (1994) Reading with hand magnifiers. In: Low Vision - Research and New Developments in Rehabilitation (eds A. C. Kooijman, P. L. Looijestijn, J. A. Welling and G. J. van der Wildt), IOS press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 259-268.
14. Gilliland, A. R. (1923). The effect on reading of changes in the size of type. The Elementary School Journal 24, 138-146.
15. Hughes, H. (1953). An investigation into ocular dominancy. Br. J. Physiol. Opt. 10, 119-143.
16. Krischer, C. C. and Meissen, R. (1983). Reading speed under real and simulated visual impairment. J. Vis. Impairment Blind. 77, 386-388.
17. Lang, J. (1984) Strabismus. Slack Inc, New Jersey, USA, pp. 144-146.
18. Larson, W. L. and Bolduc, M. (1991). Effect of induced blur on visual acuity and stereoacuity. Optom. Vis. Sci. 68, 294-298.
19. Legge, G. E., Pelli, D. G., Rubin, G. S. and Schleske, M. M. (1985a). Psychophysics of reading - I. Normal vision. Vision Res. 25, 239-252.
20. Legge, G. E., Rubin, G. S., Pelli, D. G. and Schleske, M. M. (1985b). Psychophysics of reading - II. Low vision. Vision Res. 25, 253-266.
21. Legge, G. E., Rubin, G. S. and Luebker, A. (1987). Psychophysics of reading - V. The role of contrast in normal vision. Vision Res. 27, 1165-1177.
22. Legge, G. E., Ross, J. A., Luebker, A. and LaMay, J. M. (1989a). Psychophysics of reading - VIII. The Minnesota low-vision reading test. Optom. Vis. Sci. 66, 843-853.
23. Legge, G. E., Ross, J. A., Maxwell, K. T. and Luebker, A. (1989b). Psychophysics of reading - VII. Comprehension in normal and low vision. Clin. Vis. Sci. 4, 51-60.
24. Maraini, G., Rosmini, F., Graziosi, P., Tomba, M. C., Bonacini, M., Cotichini, R., Pasquini, P. and Sperduto, R. D. (1994). Influence of type and severity of pure forms of age-related cataract on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35, 262-267.
25. McIntyre, A. and Fells, P. (1996). Bangerter foils: a new approach to the management of pathological intractable diplopia. Br. Orthopt. J. 53, 43-47.
26. Morrison, R. E. and Rayner, K. (1981). Saccade size in reading depends upon character spaces and not visual angle. Perception and Psychophysics 30, 395-396.
27. Neale, M. D. (1989) Neale Analysis of Reading Ability. Revised British Edition. NFER-Nelson, Windsor, UK.
28. Neve, J. J. (1989). On the use of hand held magnifiers during reading. Optom. Vis. Sci. 66, 440-449.
29. O'Regan, J. K., Levy-Schoen, A. and Jacobs, A. M. (1983). The effect of visibility on eye-movement parameters in reading. Perception and Psychophysics 34, 457-464.
30. Paterson, D. G. and Tinker, M. A. (1947). Effect of typography upon the perceptual span in reading. Am. J. Psychol. 60, 388-396.
31. Pelli, D. G. (1986) The visual requirements of mobility. In: Low Vision - Principles and Applications (ed. G. C. Woo), Springer, New York, USA, pp. 134-146.
32. Rayner, K. and Bertera, J. H. (1979). Reading without a fovea. Science 206, 468-469.
33. Rumney, N. J. (1995). Using visual thresholds to establish low vision performance. Ophthal. Phvsiol. Opt. 15 (Suppl. 1, S18-S24.
34. Rumney, N. J. and Leat, S. (1990) Spatial and temporal requirements in low vision. In: Low Vision Ahead II (eds A. W. Johnston and M. Lawrence), Kooyong Asscociation for the Blind, Victoria, Australia, pp. 59-66.
35. Vincent, D. and de la Mare, M. (1992) New Reading Analysis. NFER-Nelson, Windsor, UK.
36. Watson, G. R., Wright, V. and De l'Aune, W. (1992). The efficacy of comprehension training and reading practice for print readers with macular loss. J. Vis. Impairment Blind. 86, 37-43.
37. Wensveen, J. M., Bedell, H. E. and Loshin, D. S. (1995). Reading rates with artificial central scotomata with and without spatial remapping of print. Optom. Vis. Sci. 72, 100-114.
38. Whittaker, S. G. and Lovie-Kitchin, J. (1993). Visual requirements for reading. Optom. Vis. Sci. 70, 54-65.
39. Whittaker, S. G. and Lovie-Kitchin, J. (1994) The assessment of contrast sensitivity and contrast reserve for reading rehabilitation. In: Low Vision - Research and New Developments in Rehabilitation (eds A. C. Kooijman, P. L. Looijestijn, J. A. Welling and G. J. van der Wildt), IOS press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 88-92.
40. Williamson, T. H., Strong, N. P., Sparrow. J., Aggarwal, R. K. and Harrad, R. (1992). Contrast sensitivity and glare in cataract using the Pelli-Robson chart. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 76, 719-722.
41. Wood, J. M. and Troutbeck, R. (1995). Elderly drivers and simulated visual impairment. Optom. Vis. Sci. 72, 115-124.