Effects of cone-induction treatments on black spruce (Picea mariana) current-year needle development and gas exchange properties

Tree Physiology

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 407-414

  Smith, Ronald F ^a   Greenwood, Michael S ^b  

^a LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Drought; GA(4 7); Photosynthesis; Pollen cone production; Root pruning; Seed cone production; Shoot water potential; Stomatal conductance

Indexed keywords

PICEA MARIANA;

EID: 0030868854     PISSN: 0829318X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/17.6.407     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Barnes, R.L. and G.W. Bengston. 1968. Effects of fertilization, irrigation, and cover cropping on flowering and on nitrogen and soluble sugar composition of slash pine. For. Sci. 14:172-180.
2. Beyers, J.L., G.H. Reichers and P.J. Temple. 1992. Effects of long-term ozone exposure and drought on the photosynthetic capacity of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.). New Phytol. 122:81-90.
3. Bonnet-Masimbert, M. 1987. Floral induction in conifers: a review of available techniques. For. Ecol. Manage. 19:135-146.
4. Bonnet-Masimbert, M. and J.B. Zaerr. 1987. The role of plant growth regulators in promotion of flowering. Plant Growth Regul. 6:13-35.
5. Caron, G.E. and G.R. Powell. 1991. Proliferated seed cones and pollen cones in young black spruce. Trees 5:65-74.
6. Chalupka, W., M. Giertych and J. Kopcewicz. 1982. Effects of polyethylene covers, a flower inducing treatment on the content of endogenous gibberellin-like substances in grafts of Norway spruce. Physiol. Plant. 54:79-82.
7. Cornic, G. 1987. Interaction between sublethal pollution by sulphur dioxide and drought stress: The effect on photosynthetic capacity. Physiol. Plant. 71:115-119.
8. Cyr, D.R., G.F. Buxton, D.P. Webb and E.B. Dumbroff. 1990. Accumulation of free amino acids in the shoots and roots of three northern conifers during drought. Tree Physiol. 6:293-303.
9. Daoudi, E.H., P. Doumas and M. Bonnet-Masimbert. 1994. Changes in amino acids and polyamines in shoots and buds of Douglas-fir trees induced to flower by nitrogen and gibberellin treatments. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1854-1863.
10. Dick, J. McP., R.B.B. Leakey and P.G. Jarvis. 1990. Influence of female cones on the vegetative growth of Pinus contorta trees. Tree Physiol. 6:151-163.
11. 14C-photosynthate from needles of different ages. Am. J. Bot. 55:900-906.
12. 14C by growing vegetative and reproductive tissues of adult Pinus resinosa Ait. trees. Plant Physiol. 45:284-288.
13. 9 in Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. Plant Physiol. 71:257-262.
14. Ebell, L.F. and E.E. McMullin. 1970. Nitrogenous substances associated with differential cone production responses of Douglas-fir to ammonium nitrate fertilization. Can. J. Bot. 48:2169-2177.
15. Graebe, J.E. and H.J. Ropers. 1978. Gibberellins. In Phytohormones and Related Compounds - A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 1. Eds. D.S. Letham, P.B. Goodwin and T.J.V. Higgins. Elsevier, Holland, Chapter 3, 641 p.
16. Greenwood, M.S., C.A. Hopper and K.W. Hutchison. 1989. Maturation in larch. I. Effects of age on shoot growth, foliar characteristics, and DNA methylation. Plant Physiol. 90:406-412.
17. Greenwood, M.S., G. Adams and S. Kempton. 1993. Using recent advances in the control of conifer reproductive development to increase genetic gain. In Proc. 24th Mtg. Can. Tree Improv. Assoc., Part 2. Ed. J. Lavereau. Fredericton, N.B., pp 19-26.
18. Hall, P.J. 1988. Promotion of flowering in black spruce using gibberellins. Silvae Genet. 37: 3-4.
19. Hiscox, J.D. and G.F. Israelstam. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57:1332-1334.
20. 4/7 enhances seed-cone production in field-grown black spruce. Can J. For. Res. 18:139-142.
21. 4/7 application for cone production in potted black spruce grafts. Can. J. For. Res. 21:1137-1140.
22. Ho, R.H. 1991b. Promotion of cone production in potted black-spruce grafts, using gibberellins, heat-treatment and root-pruning. For. Ecol. Manage. 40:243-260.
23. Kozlowski, T.T., P.J. Kramer and S.G. Pallardy. 1991. The physiological ecology of woody plants. Academic Press, New York, 657 p.
24. Lewandowska, M. and P.G. Jarvis. 1977. Changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid content, specific leaf area and dry weight fraction in sitka spruce, in response to shading and season. New Phytol. 79:247-256.
25. Moore, T.C. 1989. Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Springer Verlag, New York, 330 p.
26. Moore, T.C. and R.C. Coolbaugh. 1991. Correlations between apparent rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis and parameters of growth and development in Pisum sativum. In Gibberellins. Eds. N. Takahashi, B.O. Phinney and J. Macmillan. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 188-198.
27. Oku, T., S. Furuta, K. Shimado, Y. Kobayashi, T. Ogawa, Y. Indie and K. Shibata. 1977. Development of the photosynthetic apparatus in spruce leaves. In Photosynthetic Organelles: Structure and Function. Jap. Plant Physiol. Centre, Acad. Publ., Nakanishi Print Co., Kyoto, Japan, pp 437-444.
28. Oren, R., E.-D. Schulze, R. Maryssek and R. Zimmermann. 1986. Estimating photosynthetic rate and annual carbon gain in conifers from specific leaf weight and leaf biomass. Oecologia 70:187-193.
29. Owens, J.N. 1987. Development of Douglas-fir apices under natural and cone-inducing conditions. For. Ecol. Manage. 19:85-97.
30. Owens, J.N. 1991. Measuring growth and development of reproductive structures. In Techniques and Approaches in Forest Tree Ecophysiology. Eds. J.P. Lassoie and T.M. Hinckley. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 423-452.
31. 4/7 on apical meristem development and coning in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). New Phytol. 122:515-528.
32. 4/7 treatments: a review of the possible mechanisms. For. Ecol. Manage. 19:65-84.
33. 4/7 and distribution of pollen and seed cones on Sitka spruce grafts in a clone bank. For. Ecol. Manage. 19:147-154.
34. Philipson, J.J. 1990. Prospects for enhancing flowering of conifers and broadleaves of potential silvicultural importance in Britain. Forestry 63:223-240.
35. 4/7 to induce coning and the effect of forcing treatments. New Phytol. 116:695-705.
36. Puritch, G.S., E.E. McMullin, M.D. Meager and C.S. Simmons. 1979. Hormonal enhancement of cone production in Douglas-fir grafts and seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 9:193-200.
37. Ross, S.D. 1988. Pre-and post-pollination polyhouse environment effects on pollen and seed development in potted Picea engelmannii grafts. Can. J. For. Res. 18:623-627.
38. 4/7 treatment in a young western hemlock seed orchard. New For. 3:235-245.
39. Ross, S.D. 1991a. Effect of heat sums and of heat applied separately to shoots and roots on flowering in potted Picea glauca grafts. Can. J. For. Res. 21:672-679.
40. Ross, S.D. 1991b. Promotion of flowering in potted white spruce grafts by root pruning: its relationship to drought and shoot elongation. Can. J. For. Res. 21:680-685.
41. Ross, S.D. and R.R Pharis. 1981. Recent developments in enhancement of seed production in conifers. In Seed Orchards and Strategies for Tree Improvement, Part 2. Eds. D.F.W. Pollard, D.G. Edwards and C.W. Yeatman. Proc. 18th Mtg. Can. Tree Improv. Assoc., Duncan, B.C. pp 26-38.
42. Ross, S.D. and R.P. Pharis. 1987. Control of sex expression in conifers. Plant Growth Regul. 6:37-60.
43. 4/7. Silvae Genet. 38:189-194.
44. 4/7 mixture. Can. J. For. Res. 10:464-469.
45. 4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative process in Douglas-fir. I. Effects on flowering. Can. J. For. Res. 15:341-347.
46. Ross, S.D., A.M. Eastham and R.C. Bower. 1986. Potential for indoor-potted seed orchards. In Proc. Conifer Tree Seed in the Inland Mountain West Symp., Missoula, Montana. Ed. R. Shearer. USDA For. Serv. Intermountain Res. Stn., Gen Tech. Rep. INT-203, pp 180-186.
47. Smith, R.F. 1995. Effects of cone induction treatments on seed-and pollen-cone production, bud anatomy, and needle development in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Maine, Orono ME, 89 p.
48. Smith, R.F. and G.R. Powell. 1992. Is there a place for alternatives to conventional seed orchards in the Maritimes? Can. For. Serv., Atlantic R & D Tech. Note No. 4, 3 p.
49. 4/7, root-pruning, and cytokinins on seed-and pollen-cone production in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Tree Physiol. 15:457-466.
50. Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochrane. 1980. Statistical methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames IA, 507 p.
51. Sweet, G.B., R.L. Dickson, B.D. Donaldson and H. Litchwark. 1992. Controlled pollination without isolation - a new approach to the management of radiata pine seed orchards. Silvae Genet. 41:95-99.
52. 4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative process in Douglas-fir. II. Effects on shoot elongation and its relationship to flowering. Can. J. For. Res. 15:348-353.
53. Whitcomb, C.E. 1988. Plant production in containers. Lacebark Publications Inc., Stillwater OK, 633 p.