Simulated ocean circulation and sediment transport in the North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum and today

Paleoceanography

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 281-305

  Seidov, Dan ^a   Haupt, Bernd J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MODEL; OCEAN CIRCULATION; OGCM; PALAEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALAEOCIRCULATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WATER PARCEL TRAJECTORY;

ATLANTIC, (NORTH);

EID: 0030868348     PISSN: 08838305     EISSN: 19449186     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96PA03444     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Beveridge, N. A. S., H. Elderfield, N. J. Shackleton, Deep thermohaline circulation in the low-latitude Atlantic during the last glacial, Paleoceanography, 10, 643-660, 1995.
2. Bitzer, K., R. Pflug, DEPOD: A three-dimensional model for simulating clastic sedimentation and isostatic compensation in sedimentary basin, Quantitative Dynamics Stratigraphy, T. A. Cross, 335-348, Prentice Hall, New York, 1990.
3. Bohrmann, G., R. Henrich, J. Thiede, Miocene to Quaternary paleoceanography in the northern North Atlantic: Variability in carbonate and biogenic opal accumulation, Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic Versus Antarctic, U. Bleil, J. Thiede, 647-675, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1990.
4. Bond, G. C., Climate and conveyor, Nature, 377, 383-384, 1995.
5. Bond, G., et al., Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period, Nature, 360, 245-249, 1992.
6. Boning, C. W., M. D. Cox, Particle dispersion and mixing of conservative properties in an eddy-resolving model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 320-338, 1988.
7. Boning, C. W., R. Döscher, R. G. Budich, Seasonal transport in the western North Atlantic: Experiments with an eddy-resolving model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1271-1289, 1991.
8. Boyle, E., Deep water distillation, Nature, 379, 679-680, 1996.
9. Boyle, E. A., L. D. Keigwin, North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature, Nature, 330, 35-40, 1987.
10. Boyle, E., A. Weaver, Conveying past climates, Nature, 372, 41-42, 1994.
11. Broecker, W., The great ocean conveyor, Oceanography, 4, 79-89, 1991.
12. Broecker, W. S., G. H. Denton, The role of ocean atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2465-2501, 1989.
13. Bryan, F., High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations, Science, 323, 301-304, 1986.
14. Bryan, F., Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 970-985, 1987.
15. Bryan, F., W. Holland, A high resolution simulation of the windand themohaline-driven circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean, Parameterization of Small-Scale Processes, Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., P. Müller, D. Henderson, 99-115, Honolulu, 1989.
16. Bryan, K., A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean, J. Comput. Phys., 4, 347-376, 1969.
17. Climate, Long-Range Investigation Mapping and Prediction (CLIMAP) Project Members, Seasonal reconstructions of the Earth's surface at the last glacial maximum, Map and Chart Ser. MC-36, Geol. Soc. of Am., 118, Boulder, Colo., 1981.
18. Colin de Verdière, A., Buoyancy driven planetary flows, J. Mar. Res., 46, 215-265, 1988.
19. Cox, M. D., A primitive equation, 3-dimensional model of the ocean Tech. Rep. No. 1, 250, Ocean Group, Geophys. Fluid Dyn. Lab., Princeton, Univ., Princeton, N.J., 1984.
20. Cox, M., An idealized model of the world ocean, I, The global-scale water masses, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1730-1752, 1989.
21. Cox, M., K. Bryan, A numerical model of the ventilated thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 674-687, 1984.
22. Cremer, M., J.-C. Faugeres, F. E. Grousset, E. Gonthier, Late Quaternary sediment flux on sedimentary drifts in the northeast Atlantic, Sediment. Geol., 82, 89-101, 1993.
23. Dowling, L. M., I. N. McCave, Sedimentation on the Feni drift and late Glacial bottom water production in the northern Rockall Trough, Sediment. Geol., 1993, 79-87, 1993.
24. Duplessy, J.-C., N. J. Shackleton, Response of global deepwater to Earth's climate change 135,000-107,000 years ago, Nature, 316, 500-507, 1985.
25. Duplessy, J.-C., N. J. Shackleton, R. G. Fairbanks, L. Labeyrie, D. Oppo, N. Kallel, Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, 3, 343-360, 1988.
26. Duplessy, J.-C., L. Labeyrie, A. Julliet-Lerclerc, J. Duprat, M. Sarnthein, Surface salinity reconstruction of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum, Oceanol Acta, 14, 311-324, 1991.
27. England, M. H., Representing global-scale water masses in ocean general circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1523-1552, 1993.
28. Fichefet, T., S. Hovine, The glacial ocean: A study with a zonally averaged, three-basin ocean circulation model, Ice in Climate System, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. I, 12, W. R. Peltier, 433-458, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
29. Fichefet, T., S. Hovine, J.-C. Duplessy, A model study of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last glacial maximum, Nature, 372, 252-255, 1994.
30. Goldschmidt, P., Accumulation rates of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: Signals of continental glaciation, Mar. Geol., 128, 137-151, 1995.
31. Goldschmidt, P. M., S. Pfirmann, I. Wollenburg, R. Henrich, Origin of sediment pellets from the Arctic seafloor. Sea ice or icebergs?, Deep Sea Res., 372, 252-255, 1992.
32. Gordon, A., Interocean exchange of thermocline water, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5037-5046, 1986.
33. Gordon, A. L., S. E. Zebiak, K. Bryan, Climate variability and the Atlantic Ocean, Eos Trans. AGU, 73 161, 164-165, 1992.
34. Hasselmann, K., An ocean model for climate variability studies, Prog, in Oceanogr., 11, 69-92, 1982.
35. Haupt, B. J., Numerische Modellierung der Sedimentation im nördlichen Nordatlantik, Ber. 54, 1-129, Sonderforschungsbereich 313, Univ. Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1995.
36. Haupt, B. J., C. Schäfer-Neth, K. Stattegger, Modeling sediment drifts: A coupled oceanic circulation-sedimentation model of the northern North Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 9, 897-916, 1994.
37. Haupt, B. J., C. Schäfer-Neth, K. Stattegger, Three-dimensional numerical modeling of late Quaternary paleoceanography and sedimentation in the northern North Atlantic, Geol. Riindsch., 84, 137-150, 1995.
38. Honjo, S., Particle fluxes and modern sedimentation in the polar oceans, Polar Oceanography, Part B, W. O. Smith, 687-739, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1990.
39. Keigwin, L. D., G. Jones, S. J. Lehman, Deglacial meltwater discharge, North Atlantic deep circulation, and abrupt climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16811-16826, 1991.
40. Kellogg, T. B., Paleoclimatology and paleo-oceanography of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas; Glacial-interglacial contrasts, Boreas, 9, 115-137, 1980.
41. Kill worth, P. D., Deep convection in the world ocean, Rev. Geophys., 21, 1-26, 1983.
42. 2 in the world oceans, Deep Sea Res., 32, 57-84, 1985.
43. Lautenschlager, M., K. Herterich, Atmospheric response to ice age conditions-Climatology near the Earth's surface, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22,547-22,557, 1990.
44. LeGrand, P., K. Wunsch, Constraints from paleotracer data on the North Atlantic circulation during the last glacial maximum, Paleoceanography, 10, 1011-1045, 1995.
45. Lehman, S. J., L. D. Keigwin, Sudden changes in North Atlantic circulation during the last deglaciation, Nature, 356, 757-762, 1992.
46. Levitus, S., Climatological atlas of the world ocean, NOAA Prof. Pap., 13, 173, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, D.C., 1982.
47. Levitus, S., T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 4, (Temperature; 117 pp.), NOAA Natl. Environ. Satell. Data and Inf. Ser., Washington, D.C., 1994.
48. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol.3, (Salinity; 99 pp.) NOAA Natl. Environ. Satell. Data and Inf. Ser., Washington, D.C., 1994.
49. Lorenz, S., B. Grieger, P. Helbig, K. Herterich, Investigating the sensivity of the atmospheric general circulation Model ECHAM 3 to paleoclimate boundary conditions, Geol. Rundsch., 85, 513-524, 1996.
50. Luyten, J. R., J. Pedlosky, H. Stommel, The ventilated thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 292-309, 1983.
51. Maier-Reimer, E., U. Mikolajewicz, Experiments with an OGCM on the cause of the Younger Dryas Rep. 39, 13, Max-Plank-Inst. für Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany, 1989.
52. Maier-Reimer, E., U. Mikolajewicz, K. Hasselmann, On the sensitivity of the global ocean circulation to changes in the surface heat flux forcing Rep. 68, 67, Max-Plank-Inst. für Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany, 1991.
53. Maier-Reimer, E., U. Mikolajewicz, K. Hasselmann, Mean circulation of the Hamburg LSG OGCM and its sensitivity to the thermohaline surface forcing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 731-757, 1993.
54. Manabe, S., R. J. Stouffer, Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmospher model, J. Clim., 1, 841-866, 1988.
55. Manabe, S., R. J. Stouffer, Simulation of abrupt change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 378, 165-167, 1995.
56. Marotzke, J., J. Willebrand, Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1372-1385, 1991.
57. Maslin, M. A., N. J. Shackleton, U. Pflaumann, Surface water temperature, salinity, and density changes in the northeast Atlantic during the last 45,000 years: Heinrich events, deep water formation, and climatic rebounds, Paleoceanography, 10, 527-544, 1995.
58. McCartney, M. S., Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the nothern North Atlantic, Prog, in Oceanogr., 29, 283-383, 1992.
59. McCave, I. N., B. E. Tucholke, Deep current controlled seimentation in the western North Atlantic, The Geology of North America, vol. M. The Western North Atlantic Region, Geol. Soc. of Am., P. R. Vogt, B. E. Tucholke, 451-468, Boulder, Colo., 1986.
60. Michel, E., L. D. Labeyrie, J.-C. Duplessy, N. Gorfti, M. Labracherie, J.-L. Turon, Could deep Subantarctic convection feed the world deep basins during the last glacial maximum?, Paleoceanography, 10, 927-942, 1995.
61. 18O in the oceans Rep. 189, 25, Max-Plank-Inst. für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany, 1996.
62. Miller, M. C., I. N. McCave, P. D. Komar, Threshold of sedimentation under unidirectional currents, Sedimentol, 24, 507-528, 1977.
63. Oppo, D. W., S. J. Lehman, Mid-depth circulation of the subpolar north Atlantic during the last glacial maximum, Science, 259, 1148-1152, 1993.
64. 13C record of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water during the past 2.6 million years, Paleoceanogr., 10, 373-394, 1995.
65. Pacanowski, R., K. Dixon, A. Rosati, The GFDL modular ocean users guide, Tech. Rep. 2, Ocean Group, Geophys. Fluid Dyn. Lab., Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. Y., 1993.
66. Pfirmann, S., M. A. Lange, I. Wollenburg, P. Schlosser, Sea ice characteristics and the role of sediment inclusions in deep-sea deposition: Arctic-Antarctic comparisons, Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic Versus Antarctic, U. Bleil, J. Thiede, 187-211, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1990.
67. Puls, W., Numerical simulation of bedform mechanics. Mitteilungen des Inst, 147, für Meeresk. Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 1981.
68. Rahmstorf, S., Rapid climate transitions in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, Nature, 372, 82-85, 1994.
69. Rahmstorf, S., Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle, Nature, 378, 145-149, 1995.
70. Robinson, S. G., I. N. McCave, Orbital forcing of bottom-current enhanced sedimentation on Feni Drift, NE Atlantic, during the mid-Pleistocene, Paleoceanography, 9, 943-972, 1994.
71. Ruddiman, W. F., A. McIntyre, The mode and mechanism of the last deglaciation: Oceanic evidence., Quat. Res., 16, 125-134, 1981.
72. Sakai, K., W. R. Peltier, A simple model of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation: Internal and forced variability with paleoclimatological implications, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,455-13,479, 1995.
73. Sarmiento, J. L., On the north and tropical Atlantic heat balance, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,677-11,689, 1986.
74. Sarnthein, M., K. Winn, S. J. A. Jung, J.-C. Duplessy, L. Labeyrie, H. Erlenkeuser, G. Ganssen, Changes in east Atlantic deepwater circulation over the last 30,000 years-eight time slice reconstructions, Paleoceanography, 9, 209-267, 1994.
75. Sarnthein, M., et al., Variations in Atlantic Ocean paleoceanography, 50°-80°N: A time slice record of the last 30,000 years, Paleoceanography, 10, 1063-1094, 1995.
76. Schmitz Jr., W. J., On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 151-173, 1995.
77. Schulz, H., Meeresoberflächentemperaturen im frühen Holozän 10,000 Jahre vor heute, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1994.
78. Seibold, E., W. H. Berger, The Sea Floor; An introduction to Marine Geology 2, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
79. Seidov, D. G., Numerical modeling of the ocean circulation and paleocirculation, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans, Geodyn. Ser., 15, K. J. Hsu, 11-26, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986.
80. Seidov, D., An intermediate model for large-scale ocean circulation studies, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 25/1, 25-55, 1996.
81. Seidov, D., R. Prien, A coarse resolution North Atlantic ocean circulation model: An intercomparison study with a paleoceanographic example, Awn. Geophys., 14, 246-257, 1996.
82. Seidov, D., M. Sarnthein, K. Stattegger, R. Prien, M. Weinelt, North Atlantic ocean circulation during the last glacial maximum and subsequent meltwater event: A numerical model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,305-16,332, 1996.
83. Semtner, A. J., Finite difference formulation of a world ocean model, Advanced Physical Oceanographic Modelling, J. O'Brien, 187-202, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1986.
84. Send, U., J. Marshall, Integral effects of deep convection, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 855-872, 1995.
85. Shanks, A. L., J. D. Trent, Marine snow: Sinking rates and potential role in vertical flux, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 27, 137-143, 1980.
86. Shapiro, R., The use of linear filtering as a parameterization of atmospheric diffusion, J. Atmos. Sd, 28, 523-531, 1971.
87. Slowey, N. C., W. B. Curry, Enhanced ventilation of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre thermocline during the last glaciation, Nature, 358, 665-668, 1992.
88. Slowey, N. C., W. B. Curry, Glacial-interglacial differences in circulation and carbon cycling within the upper western North Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 10, 715-732, 1995.
89. Stocker, T. F., The variable ocean, Nature, 367, 221-222, 1994.
90. Stommel, H., A. B. Arons, On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean, II, An idealized model of the circulation pattern and amplitude in the oceanic basins, Deep Sea Res., 6, 217-233, 1960.
91. Stull, R. B., Transilient turbulence theory, I, The concept of eddy-mixing across finite distances, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3351-3367, 1984.
92. Sündermann, J., North Sea Dynamics, Dynamics, J. Sünderman, W. Lenz, 693, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
93. Sündermann, J., R. Klöcker, Sediment transport modeling with applications to the North Sea, in North Sea Dynamics, 453-471, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
94. Syvitski, J. P. M., T. M. C. Hughes, Delta 2: Delta progadation and basin filling, Comput. Geo sci., 18, 839-897, 1992.
95. Tetzlaff, D. N., J. W. Harbaugh, Simulating Clastic Sedimentation, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1989.
96. Toggweiler, J. R., K. Dixon, K. Bryan, Simulations of radiocarbon in a coarse-resolution world ocean circulation model, 1, Steady state prebomb distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8217-8242, 1989.
97. Weaver, A. J., T. M. C. Hughes, Rapid interglacial climate fluctuations driven by North Atlantic ocean circulation, Nature, 367, 447-450, 1994.
98. Weaver, A. J., E. S. Sarachik, The role of mixed boundary conditions in numerical models of the ocean's climate, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1470-1492, 1991.
99. Weaver, A. J., J. Marotzke, P. F. Cummins, E. S. Sarachik, Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 39-60, 1993.
100. Weinelt, M., Veränderungen der Oberflächenzirkulation im Europäischen Nordmeer während der letzten 60.000 Jahre-Hinweise aus stabilen Isotopen, Ber., 41, 1-106, Sonderforschungsbereich 313, Univ. Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1993.
101. Wold, C. N., Paleobathymetry and sediment accumulation in the northern North Atlantic and southern Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1992.
102. Wright, D., T. F. Stocker, A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation, I, Model development and flow dynamics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1713-1724, 1991.
103. Yu, E.-F., R. Francois, M. P. Bacon, Similar rates of modern and last-glacial ocean thermohaline circulation inferred from radiochemical data, Nature, 379, 689-694, 1996.
104. Zanke, U., Zusammenhänge zwischen Strömung und Sedimenttransport, Teil l, Berechnung des Sedimenttransports-allgemeiner Fall-, Min. Franzius Inst. Wasserbau Küstenin geneuerswesen Tech. Univ. Hannover, 47, 214-345, 1978.
105. Zhang, S., C. Lin, R. J. Greatbatch, A thermocline model for ocean-climate studies, J. Mar. Res., 50, 99-124, 1992.