Surgical treatment of war injuries: Experiences with 1220 patients from the Split University Hospital, Split, Croatia

Croatian Medical Journal

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 129-139

  Roje, Zdravko ^a   Mikuš, Darko ^a   Baković, Ante ^a   Čukelj, Fabijan ^a   Opačak, Ratomir ^a   Družijanić, Nikica ^a   Peršić, Zoran ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SPLIT   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Blood vessels; Nerve tissue; Soft tissue; Surgery, operative; War; Wounds and injuries

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARM INJURY; ARTICLE; BATTLE INJURY; CHILD; CROATIA; FEMALE; FIRST AID; HEAD INJURY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; LEG INJURY; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NECK INJURY; PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SCHOOL CHILD;

EID: 0030866555     PISSN: 03539504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Janoši K, Lovrić Z. War surgery in Osijek during 1991/92 war in Croatia. Croatian Med J 1995;36:104-7.
2. Balen I, Prgomet D, Danić D, Puntarić D. Work of the Slavonski Brod General Hospital during the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991-1992. Mil Med 1995;160:588-92.
3. Atias-Nikolov V, Šarić V, Kovač T, Franković E, Mršić V, Lukač J, et al. Organization and work of the war hospital in Sturba near the town of Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mil Med 1995;160:62-9.
4. Puntarić D, Brkić K. Formation and organization of military medical service at the East Slavonia front in the 1991/1992 war in Croatia. Mil Med 1995;160:412-6.
5. Šarić V, Atias-Nikolov V, Kovač T, Franković E, Mršić V, Lukač J. NATO war medicine doctrine revisited in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J R Army Med Corps 1994;140:132-4.
6. Marušić A, Marušić M, Lang S. White Road for Nova Bila and Silver Bosnia: a chronology of the humanitarian convoy. Croatian Med J 1994;35:3-7.
7. Radonić V, Pavić A, Aras N. Organization and functioning of the front-line surgical station at Rama in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mil Med 1993;12:763-9.
8. Petričević A, Radonić V, Ilić N, Petričević M, Zelić Z, Ferenca J, Sapunar D. Surgical experience at the Rama war hospital in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Israel J Med Sci 1995;31:630-4.
9. Bowen TE, Bellamy KF, editors. Emergency war surgery. NATO handbook, 2nd US revision. Washington DC: US Department of Defense; 1988.
10. Vodopija J, Francetić I, Tonković I, Kalenić S, Luetić V. Zaštita od infekcije nakon ranjavanja, Liječ Vjesn 1991;113:288-9.
11. Kalenić S, Žele-Starčević L, Jarža-Davila N, Jandrlić M, Tonković I, Šćap M, et al. Infections of war wounds. Croatian Med J 1992;33 War Suppl 2:225-8.
12. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Choice and duration of antibiotics in open fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 1991;22:433-7.
13. Fildes J, Bannon MP, Berrett J. Soft tissue infection after trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1991;71:371-85.
14. Coupland R.M, Tehnical aspect of war wound excision. Br J Surg 1989;76:663-7.
15. Swan KG, Swan RC. Principles of ballistics applicable to the treatment of gunshot wounds. Surg Clin North Am 1991;71:221-39.
16. Yaremchuk MJ, Burgess AR, Brumback RJ. Lower extremity salvage and reconstruction: orthopedic and plastic surgical management. New York, Amsterdam, London: Elsevier; 1989.
17. Gorman PW. Soft tissue reconstruction in severe lower extremity trauma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;243:57-64.
18. Haywood I, Swan A, Weber BR. ABC off major trauma, blast and gunshot injuries. BMJ 1990;301:1040-2.
19. Mc Andrew MP, Johnson KD. Penetrating orthopedic injuries. Surg Clin North Am 1991;1:297-303.
20. Johnson KD, Bone LB, Scheinberg R. Severe open tibial fractures: a study protocol. J Orhtop Trauma 1988;2:175-82.
21. Byrd HS., Crieny G, Tebbets JB. The management of open tibial fractures with associated soft tissue lost. External pin fixation with early flap coverage. Plastic Reconstr Surg 1981;68:73-82.
22. Behrens F. General theory and principles of external fixation. Clin Orthop 1989;241:15-23.
23. Edvards CC, Simmons SC. Severe open tibial fractures: results treating 202 injuries with external fixation. Clin Orthop 1988;230:98-108.
24. Muller ME, Allgoewer M, Schneider R, Willenegger H, editors. Manual of internal fixation. Techniques recommended by the AO-ASIF Group. 3rd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag; 1991.
25. Green DP. Operative hand surgery, vol I-II. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1993.
26. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problem in the management of Type in (severe) open fractures: a new classification of Type III open fractures. J Trauma 1984;24:742-6.
27. Suneson A, Hansson HA, Seeman T. Central and peripheral nerves damage following high energy missile wound in the thigh. J Trauma 1988;28:197-203.
28. Dellon AL, Mackinnon SE. Surgery of the peripheral nerve. New York: Thieme Med Publ; 1988.
29. Siegal DB, Gelberman RH. Peripheral nerve injuries associated with fractures and dislocations. In: Gelberman RH, editor. Operative nerve repair and reconstruction. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1991. p. 619-33.
30. Wood MB. Peripheral nerve injuries to the lower extremity. In: Gelberman RH, editor. Operative nerve repair and reconstruction. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1991. p. 489-504.
31. Millesi H. Progress in peripheral nerve reconstruction. World J Surg 1990;14:733-47.
32. Millesi H. Lower extremity lesion. In: Terzis JK, editor. Micro reconstruction of nerve injury. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1987. p. 239-51.
33. Godina M. Early micro surgical reconstruction of complex trauma of the extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:285-92.
34. Buncke HJ. Microsurgery: transplantation-replantation. An atlas text. Malvern, PA, USA: Lea & Febiger; 1991.
35. Swartz WN, Mears DC. The role of free tissue transfers in lower extremities reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985;76:364-73.
36. Mathes SJ, Nahaj F. Clinical application for muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. St. Louis, Toronto, London: CV Mosby; 1982.
37. Hoekstra SM, Levison MA. The management of large soft tissue defect following close range gunshot injury. J Trauma 1990;30:1489-93.
38. Yaremchuk MJ. Acute and definitive management of traumatic osteocutaneuos defect of the lower extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;30:1-14.
39. Coupland RM. The role of reconstructive surgery in the management of war wounds. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1991;73:21-5.
40. Show WW, Hidalgo DA. Microsurgery in trauma. New York: Futura Publishing Company; 1991.
41. Swartz WM, Jones NF. Soft tissue coverage of the lower extremity. Current Prob Surg 1985;22:4-57.
42. Shaw W, Hidalgo D. Anatomic basis of plantar flap design: clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986; 78:637-47.
43. Greene TL, Beatty ME. Soft tissue coverage for lower extremity trauma: current practice techniques. J Orthop Trauma 1988;2:158-62.
44. Clark N, Sherman R. Soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. Orthop Clin North Am 1994;24:489-503.
45. Hydalgo DA. Lower extremity avulsion injuires. Clin Plast Surg 1986;13:701-11.
46. Lister G, Scheker L. Emergency free flap to the upper extremity. J Hand Surg 1988;13A:1:22-8.
47. Breidenbach WC. Emergency free tissue transfer for reconstruction of acute upper extremity wounds. Clin Plast Surg 1989;16:505-14.
48. Byrd HS. Management of open tibial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985;76:719-28.
49. Vascones LO, Bostwick J III, Mc Crow J. Coverage of exposed bone by muscle transposition and skin graft. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974;53:526-34.
50. Burgess AR, Poka A, Brumbak RJ. Management of open grade III tibial fracture. Orthop Clin North Am 1987;18:85-91.
51. Bekker DJ. Clostridial myonecrosis. In: Davis JC, editor. Problem wounds: the role of oxygen. New York, Amsterdam, London: Elsevier; 1988. p. 153-72.
52. Mader JT. Mixed anaerobic and aerobic soft tissue infections. In: Davis JC, editor. Problem wounds: the role of oxygen. New York, Amsterdam, London: Elsevier; 1988. p.173-86.
53. Bekker DJ. The use of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of certain infectious diseases especially gass gangrene and acute dermal gangrene. Thesis, Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam; 1984.
54. Hančević J, Turčić J, Antoljak T, Livaković M. Ozone treatment of war injuries. Croatian Med J 1992;33 War Suppl 2:208-10.
55. Keblish PA. Amputation alternatives in the lower limb: stressing combined management of the traumatized extremity. Clin Plast Surg 1986;13:595-618.
56. Vasconez HC, Nicholls PJ. Management of extremity injuries with external fixator or Ilizarov devices. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:505-13.
57. Walton RL, Rothkopf DM. Judgment and approach for management of severe lower extremity injuries. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:525-43.
58. Clark GL, Wilgis SFE. Hand rehabilitation: a practical guide. New York, Tokyo: Churchill Livingstone; 1993.
59. Mc Gregor IA. Fundamental techniques of plastic surgery and their surgical applications. 8th ed. Edinburgh, New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1989.
60. McCarthy JG. Plastic surgery. Vol 1-8. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1990.
61. Fix RJ, Vasconez LO. Fasciocutaneous flaps in reconstruction of the lower extremity. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:571-82.
62. Saltz R, Hochberg J, Given K. Muscle and musculocutaneous flaps of the foot. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:627-38.
63. Guzman-Stein G, Fix RJ, Vasconez LO. Muscle flap coverage for the lower extremity. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:545-52.
64. Arne ZM. Immediate reconstruction of the lower extremity. An update. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:449-57.
65. McCrow JR, Arnold PG. McCrow and Arnold's atlas of muscle and musculo-cutaneous flaps. Norfork: Hampton Press; 1988.
66. Antony JP, Mathes SJ. Update on chronic osteomyelitis. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:515-23.
67. Weiland AJ, Moor JR, Daniel RK. The efficacy of free tissue transfer in osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg 1984;66: 181-93.
68. Sayfer AE, Lkower R. Late results of the muscle flap and delayed bone grafting in the secondary treatment of open distal tibial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989;83:77-82.
69. Stark WJ. The use of pedicle muscle flaps in the surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis resulting from compound fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 1946;28:343-51.
70. Rossenkasser RH, Andrews DW. Penetrating craniocerebral trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1991;71:305-16.
71. Annesio JA, Valenziano CP, Falcone RE, Grosh JD. Management of penetrating neck injuries: the controversy surrounding zone II injuries. Surg Clin North Am 1991;71:267-96.
72. Tonković I., Šoša T, Pertonić M, Čohadžić E, Pomić B, Luetić V, et al. Ratne ozlijede krvnih žila. Liječ Vjesn 1991;113:226-8.
73. Peacock JB, Proctor HJ. Factors limiting extremity function following vascular injury. J Trauma 1977;17:532-7.
74. Cronenwett JL, McDaniel MD, Zwolak RM, Walsh DB, Schneider JR, Reus WF et al. Limb salvage despite extensive tissue loss. Free tissue transfer combined with distal revascularization. Arch Surg 1989;124:609-15.
75. Schramek A, Hasmonai M. Vascular injuries in the extremities in battle casualties. Br J Surg 1977;64:644-8.
76. Rich NM, Baugh JH, Hughes CW. Acute arterial injury in Vietnam: 1000 cases. J Trauma 1970;10:359-63.
77. Nichols JS, Lillehei KO. Nerve injury associated with acute vascular trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1988;68: 837-42.
78. Trouwburst A, Weber BR, Dufour D. Medical statistics of battlefield casualties. Injury 1987;18:96-9.
79. Feldman JJ, Cohen BE, May JW Jr. The medial gastrocnemius myocuteneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978; 61:531-9.
80. Bunkis J, Walton RL. The reclus abdominis free flap for lower extremity reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1983; 11:373-6.
81. Gordon L, Buncke HJ. Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with split thickness skin graft cover. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983;70:173-6.