Cerebral lupus vasculopathy: Mechanisms and clinical relevance

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 823, Issue , 1997, Pages 154-168

  Hess, David C ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODY; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

BRAIN INFARCTION; CELL ACTIVATION; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CRANIAL NEUROPATHY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; SEIZURE;

EID: 0030865985     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48388.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (77)

1. TOUBI, E., M. A. KHAMASHTA, A. PANARRA, & G. R. V. HUGHES. 1995. Association of antiphospholipid antibodies with central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am. J. Med. 99: 397-401.
2. FEINGLASS, E. I., F. C. ARNETT, C. A. DORSCH, T. M. ZIZIC & M. B. STEVENS. 1976. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis, clinical spectrum, and relationship to other features of the disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 55: 323-339.
3. DEKKER, A., M. O'BRIEN, & R. J. CAMMARATA. 1974. The association of thrombotic tnrombocytopenic purpura with systemic lupus erythematosus: A report of two cases with successful treatment of one. Am. J. Med. Sci. 267: 243-249.
4. FOX, D. A., J. D. FAIX, J. COBLYN et al. 1986. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45: 319-322.
5. HESS, D. C., K. SETHI & E. AWAD. 1992. Thrombotic thrombocytopnic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibodies: Effective treatment with plasma exchange and immunosupression. J. Rheumatol. 19: 1474-1478.
6. JAIN, R., E. CHARTASH, M. SUSIN, R. FURIE. 1994. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy. Sem. Arthritis Rheum. 24: 173-182.
7. NESHER, G., V. HANNA, P. MOORE et al. 1994. Thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sem. Arthritis Rheum. 24: 165-172.
8. RIDOLFI, R. L. & W. R. BELL. 1981. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Report of 25 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 60: 413-425.
9. DEVINSKY, Q., C. K. PETITO & D. R. ALONSO. 1988. Clinical and neuropathological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: The role of vascultis, heart emboli, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann. Neurol. 23: 380-384.
10. SILVERSTEIN, A. 1968. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The initial neurologic manifestations. Arch. Neurol. 18: 358-362.
11. AMEROSI, E. L., & I. E. ULTMANN. 1966. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of 16 cases and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 45: 139-159.
12. ADAMS, R. D., J. CAMMERMEYER & P. J. FITZGERALD. 1948. The neuropathological aspects of thrombocytic acroangiothrombosis. A clinico-anatomical study of generalized platelet thrombosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 11: 27-43.
13. JOHNSON, R. T. & E. P. RICHARDSON. 1968. The neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. A clinical-pathological study of 24 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 47: 337-368.
14. ELLIS, S. G. & M. A. VERITY. 1979. Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of neuropathologic findings in 57 cases, 1955-1977. Sem. Arthritis Rheum. 8: 212-221.
15. HANLY, I. G., N. M. G. WALSH & V. SANGALANG. 1992. Brain pathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol. 19: 732-741.
16. ELLISON, D., K. GATTER, A. HERYET & M. ESIRI. 1993. Intramural platelet deposition in cerebral vasculopathy of systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Clin. Pathol. 46: 37-40.
17. FAUCI, T. Y., B. F. HAYNES & P. KATZ. 1978. The spectrum of vasculitis. Ann. Intern. Med. 89: 660-676.
18. LAMPERT, P. W. & M. B. A. OLDSTONE. 1973. Host immunoglobulin G and complement deposits in the choroid plexus during spontaneous immune complex disease. Science 180: 408-410.
19. ATKINS, C. J., I. J. KONDON, F. P. QUISIMORIO & G. J. FRIOU. 1972. The choroid plexus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Intern. Med. 76: 65-72.
20. BOYER, R. S., N. C. I. SUN, A. VERITY, K. M. NIES & J. S. LOUIE. 1980. Immunoperoxidase staining of the choroid plexus in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol. 7: 645-650.
21. BRIGHTMAN, M. W. & T. S. REESE. 1969. Junctions between intimately apposed membranes in the vertebrate brain. J. Cell. Biol. 40: 648-677.
22. BELMONT, H. M., S. B. ABRAMSON & J. T. LIE. 1996. Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. Interactions of inflammatory cells and activated endothelium. Arthritis Rheum. 19: 9-22.
23. SHWARTZMAN, G. 1928. Studies on Bacillus typhosus toxic substances. J. Phenomenon of local skin reactivity to B. typhosus culture filtrate. J. Exp. Med. 48: 247-268.
24. POHLMAN, T. M., K. A. STANNESS, P. G. BEATTY, H. D. OCHS & J. M. HARLAN. 1986. An endothelial cell surface factor induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon. J. Immunol. 137: 1893-1896.
25. BECK, G., G. S. HABICHT, J. L. BENACH & F. MILLER. 1986. Interleukin 1: A common endogenous mediator of inflammation and the local Shwartzman reaction J. Immunol. 136: 3025-3031.
26. ARGENBRIGHT, L. W. & R. W. BARTON. 1992. Interactions of leukocyte integrins with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in the production of inflammatory vascular injury in vivo. J. Clin Invest. 89: 259-272.
27. ADAMS, D. H. & S. SHAW. 1994. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions and regulation of leukocyte migration. Lancet 343: 831-836.
28. POBER, J. S. 1988. Cytokine-mediated activation of vascular endothelium: Physiology and pathology. Am. J. Pathol. 133: 426-433.
29. GERRITSEN, M. E. & C. M. BLOOR. 1993. Endothelial gene expression in response to injury. FASEB J. 7: 523-32.
30. HALLENBECK, J. M., A. J. H. DUTKA, P. M. KOCHANEK, A. SIREN, G. H. PEZESHKPOUR & G. FEUERSTEIN. 1988. Stroke risk factors prepare rat brain stem tissues for modified local Schwartzman reaction. Stroke 19: 863-869.
31. HALLENBECK, J. M., A. J. DUTKA, S. N. VOGEL, E. HELDMAN, D. DORON & G. FEUERSTEIN. 1991. Lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor activity in rats with and without risk factors for stroke. Brain Res. 541: 115-120.
32. SIREN, A-L., E. HELDMAN, D. A. DORON, P. LYSKO, T-L. YUE, Y. LIU, G. FEUERSTEIN & J. M. HALLENBECK. 1992. Release of pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic mediators in the brain and peripheral circulation in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Stroke 23: 1643-1651.
33. SIREN, A-L, Y. LIU, G. FEUERSTEIN & J. M. HALLENBECK. 1993. Increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha into the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral circulation of aged rats. Stroke 24: 880-888.
34. LIU, Y., D. M. JACOBOWITZ, F. BARONE, R. MCCARRON, M. SPATZ, G. FEUERSTEIN, J. M. HALLENBECK & A. L. SIREN. 1994. Quantitation of perivascular monocytes and macrophages around cerebral blood vessels of hypertensive and aged rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14: 348-352.
35. MCCARRON, R. M., L. WANG, A. L. SIREN, M. SPATZ & J. M. HALLENBECK. 1994. Adhesion molecules on normotensive and hypertensive rat brain endothelial cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 205: 257-262.
36. ABRAMSON, S. B., W. P. GIVEN, H. S. EDELSON & G. WEISSMANN. 1983. Neutrophil aggregation induced by sera from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 26: 630-636.
37. HOPKINS, P., H. M. BELMONT, J. BUYON, M. PHILLIPS, G. WEISSMAN & S. B. ABRAMSON. 1988. Increased levels of plasma anaphylatoxins in systemic lupus erythematosus predict flares of the disease and may elicit vascular injury in lupus cerebritis. Arthritis Rheum. 31: 632-641.
38. BUYON, J. P., N. SHADICK, R. BERKMAN, P. HOPKINS, J. DALTON, G. WEISSMANN, R. WINCHESTER & S. B. ABRAMSON. 1988. Surface expression of gp 165/95, the complement receptor CR3, as a marker of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 46: 141-149.
39. TAKEUCHI, T., K. AMANO, H. SEKINE, J. KOIDE & T. ABE. 1993. Upregulated expression and function of integrin adhesive receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with vasculitis. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 3008-3016.
40. BELMONT, H. M., J. BUYON, R. GIORNO & S. ABRAMSON. 1994. Up-regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules characterizes disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 37: 376-383.
41. WATSON, K. V. & A. E. SCHORER. 1991. Lupus anticoagulant inhibition of in vitro prostacyclin release is associated with a thrombosis-prone subset of patients. Am. J. Med. 90: 47-53.
42. SCHORER, A. E., N. W. R. WICKHAM & K. V. WATSON. 1989. Lupus anticoagulant induces a selective defect in thrombin-mediated endothelial prostacyclin release and platelet aggregation. Br. J. Haematol. 71: 399-407.
43. OOSTING, J. D., R. H. W. M. DERKSEN, L. BLOKZIJL, J. J. SIXMA & P. G. DEGROOT. 1992. Antiphospholipid antibody positive sera enhance endothelial cell procoagulant activity - Studies in a thrombosis model. Thromb. Haemostasis 68: 278-284.
44. CARIOU, R., G. TOBELIN, S. BELLUCI, et al. 1988. Effect of the lupus anticoagulant on antithrombogenic properties of endothelial cells - Inhibition of thrombomodulin dependent protein C activation. Thromb Haemostasis 60: 54-58.
45. ROSENBAUM, I., B. E. POTTINGER, P. WOO, C. M. BLACK, S. LOIZOU, M. A. BYRON & J. D. PEARSON. 1988. Measurement and characterisation of circulating anti-endothelial cell IgG in connective tissue diseases. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 72: 450-456.
46. MERONI, P. L., N. DEL PAPA, D. GAMBINI, A. TINCANI & G. BALESTRIERI. 1994. Antiphospholipid antibodies and endothelial cells. Lupus 3: 267-269.
47. HESS, D. C., J. C. SHEPPARD & R. J. ADAMS. 1993. Increased immunoglobulin binding to cerebral endothelium in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Stroke 24: 994-999.
48. CINES, D. B., A. P. LYSS, M. REEBER, M. BINA & R. J . DEHORATIUS. 1984. Presence of complement-fixing anti-endothelial cell antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Clin. Invest. 73: 611-625.
49. MCCRAE, K. R., D. DEMICHELE, P. SAMUELS, D. ROTH, A. KUO, O. H. MENG, J. RAUCH & D. CINES. 1991. Detection of endothelial cell-reactive immunoglobulin in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Br. J. Haematol. 79: 595-605.
50. SIMANTOV, R., J. M. LASALA, S. K. LO, A. E. GHARAVI, L. R. SAMMARITANO, J. E. SALMON & R. L. SILVERSTEIN. 1995. Activation of cultured vascular endothelial cells by antiphospholipid antibodies. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 2211-2219.
51. DEL PAPA, N., L. GUIDALI, L. SPATOLA, P. BONARA, M. O. BORGHI, A. TINCANI, G. BALESTERIERI, P. L. MERONI. 1995. Relationship between anti-phospholipid and anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Beta 2 glycoprotein mediates antibody binding to endothelial membranes and induces the expression of adhesion molecules. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 13: 179-185.
52. CARVALHO, D., C. O. S. SAVAGE, C. M. BLACK & J. D. PEARSON. 1996. IgG antiendothelial cell autoantibodies from scleroderma patients induce leukocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 97: 111-119.
53. BELLONI, P. N. & G. L. NICHOLSON. 1988. Differential expression of cell surface glycoproteins on various organ-derived microvascular endothelia and endothelial cell cultures. J. Cell Physiol. 136: 398-410.
54. FAJARDO, L. F. 1989. The complexity of endothelial cells. Am. J. Pathol. 92: 241-250.
55. PAGE, C., M. ROSE, M. YACOUB & R. PIGOTT. 1992. Antigenic heterogeneity of vascular endothelium. Am. J. Pathol. 14: 673-683.
56. WONG, D. & K. DOROVINI-ZIS. 1992. Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in primary cultures of human brain micovessel endothelial cells by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. J. Neuroimmunol. 39: 11-22.
57. HESS, D. C., T. BHUTWALA, J. C. SHEPPARD, W. ZHAO & J. SMITH. 1994. ICAM-1 expression on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci. Lett. 168: 201-204.
58. HESS, D. C., Y. THOMPSON, A. SPRINKLE, J. CARROLL & J. SMITH. 1996. E-selectin expression on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci. Lett. 213: 37-40.
59. MCCARRON, R. M., L. WANG, D. B. STANIMIROVIC & M. SPATZ. 1995. Differential regulation of adhesion molecule expression by human cerebrovascular and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelium 2: 339-346.
60. MARUYAMA, I., C. E. BELL & P. W. MAJERUS. 1985. Thrombomodulin is found on endothelium of arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics, and on syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta. J. Cell Biol. 101: 363-371.
61. ISHII, H., H. H. SALEM, C. E. BELL, E. A. LAPOSATA & P. W. MAJERUS. 1986. Thrombomodulin, an endothelial anticoagulant protein, is absent from the human brain. Blood 67: 362-365.
62. BOFFA, M. C., R. W. JACKMAN, N. PEYRI, J. F. BOFFA & B. GEORGE. 1991. Thrombomodulin in the central nervous system. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol. 33: 423-429.
63. WONG, V. L. Y., E. M. HOFMAN, H. ISHII & M. FISHER. 1991. Regional distribution of thrombomodulin in human brain. Brain Res. 556: 1-5.
64. COLLINS, T. 1993. Endothelial nuclear factor-NF-kB and the initiation of the atherosclerotic lesion. Lab. Invest. 68: 499-508.
65. SCHEINMAN, R. I., P. C. COGSWELL, A. K. LOFQUIST & A. S. BALDWIN. 1995. Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 270: 283-286.
66. READ, M., M. Z. WHITLEY, A. J. WILLIAMS & T. COLLINS. 1994. NF-NF-kB and IkBa: An inducible regulatory system in endothelial activation. J. Exp. Med. 179: 503-512.
67. TRAENCKNER, E. B. M., S. WILK & P. A. BAEUERLE. 1994. A proteosome inhibitor prevents activation of NFkB and stabilizes a newly phosphorylated form of IkB-a that is still bound to NF-kB. EMBO J. 13: 5433-5441.
68. CIECHANOVER, A. 1994. The Ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. Cell 79: 13-21.
69. HENKEL, T., T. MACHLEIDT, I. ALKALAY, M. KRONKE, Y. BEN-NERLAH & P. A. BAEUERLE. 1993. Rapid proteolysis of IkB-a is necessary for activation of transcription factor NFkB. Nature 365: 182-185.
70. READ, M. A., A. S. NEISH, F. W. LUSCINSKAS, V. I. PALOMBELLA, T. MANIATIS & T. COLLINS. 1995. The proteosome pathway is required for cytokine-induced endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule expression. Immunity 2: 493-506.
71. RAINE, C. 1994. Multiple sclerosis: Immune system molecule expression in the central nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53: 328-337.
72. BOWES, M. P., R. ROTHLEIN, S. C. FAGAN & J. A. ZIVIN. 1995. Monoclonal antibodies preventing leukocyte activation reduce experimental neurologic injury and enhance efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. Neurology 45: 815-819.
73. GRANERT, C., J. RAUD, L. LINDQUIST & L. LINDBOM. 1994. Inhibition of leukocyte rolling with polysaccharide fucoidin prevents pleocytosis in experimental meningitis in the rabbit. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 929-936.
74. CRONSTEIN, B. N., S. C. KIMMEL, R. I. LEVIN, F. MARTINIUK & G. WEISSMANN. 1992. A mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids: The glucocorticoid receptor regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 9991-9995.
75. ZHANG, R. L., M. CHOPP, Y. LI, C. ZALOGA, N. JIANG, M. L. JONES, M. MIYASAKA & P. A. WARD. 1994. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurology 44: 1747-1751.
76. CHOPP, M., R. L. ZHANG, H. CHEN, Y. LI, N. JIANG & J. R. RUSCHE. 1994. Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 25: 869-876.
77. HESS, D. C., M. TAORMINA, J. THOMPSON, K. D. SETHI, B. DIAMOND, R. RAO, C. R. CHAMBERLAIN & D. S. FELDMAN. 1993. Cognitive and neurologic deficits in the MRL/ lpr mouse: A clinicopathologic study. J. Rheumatol. 20: 610-617.