Causality between the measured and underground economies in New Zealand

Applied Economics Letters

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 63-67

  Giles, David E A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GDP IMPACT; GRANGER CAUSALITY; POLICY IMPLICATION; UNDERGROUND ECONOMY;

NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 0030863521     PISSN: 13504851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/758521835     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Aigner, D. J., Schneider, F. and Ghosh, D. (1988) Me and my shadow: estimating the size of the hidden economy from time series data, in Dynamic Econometric Modeling: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium in Economic Theory and Econometrics (ed. W. A. Barnett et al.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 297-334.
2. Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979) Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-31.
3. Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1981) Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root, Econometrica, 49, 1057-72.
4. Dickey, D. A. and Pantula, S. G. (1987) Determining the order of differencing in autoregressive processes, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 15, 455-61.
5. Dods, J. L. and Giles, D. E. A. (1995) Alternative strategies for 'augmenting' the Dickey-Fuller test: size-robustness in the face of pre-testing, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 53, 243-58.
6. Dolado, J. J., Jenkinson, T. and Sosvilla-Rivero, S. (1990) Cointegration and unit roots, Journal of Economic Surveys, 4, 249-73.
7. Engle, R. F. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987) Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55, 251-76.
8. Feige, E. L. (1979) How big is the irregular economy?, Challenge, 22, 5-13.
9. Feige, E. L. (1982) A new perspective on macroeconomic phenomena: the theory and measurement of the unobserved economy in the United States: causes, consequences and implications, in International Burden of Government (ed. M. Walker), Vancouver, pp. 112-36.
10. Frey, B. S. and Weck-Hannemann, H. (1984) The hidden economy as an 'unobserved' variable, European Economic Review, 26, 33-53.
11. Giles, J. A. (1994) Another look at the evidence on foreign aid led economic growth, Applied Economics Letters, 1, 194-9.
12. Giles, D. E. A. (1995) Measuring the size of the hidden economy and the tax-gap in New Zealand: an econometric analysis, Working Paper 5, Inland Revenue Department, Wellington.
13. Giles, D. E. A., Giles, J. A. and McCann, E. (1992) Causality, unit roots and export-led growth: the New Zealand experience, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 1, 195-218.
14. Goldberger, A. S. (1972) Structural Equation Methods in the Social Sciences, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
15. Granger, C. W. J. (1969) Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross spectral methods, Econometrica, 37, 434-8.
16. Hsiao, C. (1979) Autoregressive modelling of Canadian money and income data, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 553-60.
17. Jöreskog, K. and Goldberger, A. S. (1975) Estimation of a model with multiple indicators and multiple causes of a single latent variable, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 631-39.
18. Jöreskog, K. and Sörbom, D. (1993), LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling With the SIMPLIS Command Language, Scientific Software International, Chicago.
19. MacKinnon, J. G. (1991) Critical values for co-integration tests, in Long-Run Economic Relationships (eds R. F. Engle and C. W. J. Granger), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 267-76.
20. Mandeno, R. J. and Giles, D. E. A. (1995) The expectations theory of the term structure : a cointegration/causality analysis of U.S. interest rate data, Applied Financial Economics, 5, 273-83.
21. Said, S. E. and Dickey, D. A. (1984) Testing for unit roots in autoregressive-moving average models of unknown order, Biometrika, 71, 599-607.
22. SHAZAM (1993) SHAZAM Econometrics Computer Program: User's Reference Manual, Version 7.0, McGraw-Hill, New York.
23. Toda, H. Y. and Yamamoto, T. (1995) Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-50.
24. Zellner, A. (1970) Estimation of regression relationships containing unobservable variables, International Economic Review, 11, 441-54.