A modified surface-resistance approach for representing bare-soil evaporation: Wind tunnel experiments under various atmospheric conditions

Water Resources Research

Volumn 33, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 2117-2128

  Yamanaka, Tsutomu ^a   Takeda, Atsushi ^b   Sugita, Fumi ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^b National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention   (Japan)

^c CHIBA UNIVERSITY OF COMMERCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVAPORATION; SOILS; WATER; WIND TUNNELS;

ENERGY BALANCE MODEL; EVAPORATION; LATENT HEAT FLUX; WIND TUNNEL;

EID: 0030862109     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97WR01639     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Barnes, C. J., and G. B. Allison, Tracing of water movement in the unsaturated zone using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, J. Hydrol., 100, 143-176, 1988.
2. Brutsaert, W., The roughness length for water vapor, sensible heat, and other scalars, J. Atmos. Sci., 32. 2028-2031, 1975.
3. Brutsaert, W., Evaporation Into the Atmosphere: Theory, History and Applications, 299 pp., D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1982.
4. Brutsaert, W., and F. K.-F. Chan, Similarity functions D for water vapor in the unstable atmospheric boundary layer, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 14, 441-456, 1978.
5. Budogovsky, A. I., Evapotranspiration in Plowland, (in Russian), Sov. Acad. of Sci., Moscow, 1964. (Japanese translation, Kouchi no Jouhassan, Hatachi-Nougyou-Kenkyuukai, Tokyo, 1965.)
6. Budyko, M. I., Evaporation under Natural Conditions, GIMIZ, Leningrad, 1948. (English translation, Israel Progr. Sci. Transi., Jerusalem, 1963.)
7. Cass, A., G. S. Campbell, and T. L. Jones, Enhancement of thermal water vapor diffusion in soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 48, 25-32, 1984.
8. Chanzy, A., and L. Bluckler, Significance of soil surface moisture with respect to daily bare soil evaporation, Water Resour. Res., 29, 1113-1125, 1993.
9. Choudhury, B. J., and J. L. Monteith, A four-layer model for heat and budget of homogeneous land surfaces, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 114, 373-398, 1988.
10. Currie, J. A., Movement of gases in soil respiration, in Sorption and Transport Processes in Soils, Monogr. Soc. Chem. Ind., vol. 37, pp. 152-171, Rothamsted Exp. Stn., Harpenden, England, 1970.
11. Deardorff, J. W., A parameterization of the ground surface moisture content for use in atmospheric prediction models, J. Appl. Meteorol., 16, 1182-1185, 1977.
12. Edelfsen, N. E., and A. B. C. Anderson, The thermodynamics of soil moisture, Hilgardia, 16, 31-299, 1943.
13. Farrell, D. A., E. L. Greacen, and C. G. Gurr, Vapor transfer in soil due to air turbulence, Soil Sci., 102, 305-313, 1966.
14. Fukuda, H., Air and vapor movement in soil due to wind gustiness, Soil Sci., 79, 249-256, 1955.
15. Fukuhara, T., J. F. Pinder, and K. Sato, An approach to fully coupled heat and moisture transfer analysis in saturated-unsaturated porous media during surface evaporation (in Japanese), J. Hydraul. Coastal Environ. Eng., 423, 111-120, 1990.
16. Hillel, D., Soil and Water: Physical Principles and Processes, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1971.
17. Hiyama, T., J. Shimada, and K. Kotoda, Evaluation of formation process of the dry surface layer by means of capacitance humidity sensor (in Japanese), Bull. Environ. Res. Cent. Univ. Tsukuba, 7, 75-83, 1993.
18. Hiyama, T., M. Sugita, and I. Kayane, Variability of surface fluxes within a complex area observed during TABLE 92, Agric. For. Meteorol., 73, 189-207, 1995.
19. Ishihara, Y., E. Shimojima, and H. Harada, Water vapor transfer beneath bare soil where evaporation is influenced by a turbulent surface wind, J. Hydrol., 131, 63-104, 1992.
20. Kazanskiy, A. B., and A. N. Zolotokrylin, On the missing component in the equation for the land surface heat balance as applied to the heat exchange between the desert or semidesert surface and the atmosphere, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 71, 189-195, 1994.
21. Kobayashi, T., Effects of thermal gradients on the evaporation from a dry soil surface (in Japanese with English abstract), J. Jpn. Soc. Hydrol. Water Resour., 6, 31-35, 1993.
22. Kondo, J., N. Saigusa, and T. Sato, A parameterization of evaporation from bare soil surfaces, J. Appl. Meteorol., 29, 385-389, 1990.
23. Lai, S.-H., J. M. Tiedje, and A. E. Erickson, In situ measurement of gas diffusion coefficient in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40, 3-6, 1976.
24. Lee, T. J., and R. A. Pielke, Estimating the soil surface specific humidity, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 480-484, 1992.
25. Mahfouf, J. F., and J. Noilhan, Comparative study of various formulations of evaporation from bare soil using in situ data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 1354-1365, 1991.
26. Matsuda, A., M. Kamichika, and T. Ando, Vertical distribution of temperature near the ground surface in a sand dune area (in Japanese), Bull. Sand Dune Res. Inst. Tottori Univ., 16, 9-13, 1977.
27. Menenti, M., Physical aspects and determination of evaporation in deserts applying remote sensing techniques, ICW Rep. 10, Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands, 1984.
28. Millington, R. J., Gas diffusion in porous media, Science, 130, 100-102, 1959.
29. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Yaglom, Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence, vol. 1, 769 pp., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971.
30. Passerat de Silans, A., Transferts de masse et de chaleur dans un sol stratifié soumis à une excitation atmosphérique naturelle: Comparison modèles-expérience, These de Doctorat, Inst. Natl. Polytech. de Grenoble, Grenoble, France, 1986.
31. Penman, H. L., Gas and vapour movement in the soil, 1, The diffusion of vapours through porous solids, J. Agric. Sci., 30, 437-462, 1940.
32. Philip, J. R., and D. A. de Vries, Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients, Eos Trans. AGU, 38, 222-232, 1957.
33. Rollins, R. L., M. G. Spangler, and D. Kirkham, Movement of soil moisture under a thermal gradient, Highway Res. Board Proc., 33, 492-508, 1954.
34. Scotter, D. R., and P. A. C. Raats, Dispersion of water vapor in soil due to air turbulence, Soil Sci., 108, 170-176, 1969.
35. Sellers, P. J., Y. Mintz, Y. C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 505-531, 1986.
36. Sun, S. F., Moisture and heat transport in a soil layer forced by atmospheric conditions, M.S. thesis, Dep. of Civ. Eng., Univ. of Conn., Storrs, 1982.
37. van de Griend, A. A., and M. Owe, Bare soil surface resistance to evaporation by vapor diffusion under semiarid conditions, Water Resour. Res., 30, 181-188, 1994.
38. Walker, J., and P. R. Rowntree, The effect of soil moisture on circulation and rainfall in a tropical model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 103, 29-46, 1977.
39. Westcot, D. W., and P. J. Wierenga, Transfer of heat by conduction and vapor movement in a closed soil system, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38, 9-14, 1974.
40. Yamanaka, T., T. Hiyama, and J. Shimada, Behavior of the water vapor in the sandy soil during the bare soil evaporation (in Japanese with English abstract), J. Jpn. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci., 24, 31-46, 1994.
41. Yamanaka, T., F. Sugita, and A. Takeda, An experimental study on relative humidity at the soil surface: Is bulk a method effective? (in Japanese), Bull. Environ. Res. Cent. Univ. Tsukuba, 20, 55-67, 1995.