Within-population variation in demography of Taraxacum officinale: Season- and size-dependent survival, growth and reproduction

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 277-287

  Vavrek, M C ^a   Mcgraw, J B ^a   Yang, H S ^a  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Genetic diversity; Lefkovitch transition matrices; Temporal heterogeneity; Warm and cool seasons

Indexed keywords

DANDELION; DEMOGRAPHY; POPULATION GROWTH;

MORGANTOWN; USA; WEST VIRGINIA;

ASTERACEAE; TARAXACUM OFFICINALE;

EID: 0030859118     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2960501     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Aberg, P. (1992) A demographic study of two populations of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum. Ecology, 73, 1473-1487.
2. Antonovics, J. (1976) The input from population genetics: 'The new ecological genetics'. Systematic Botany, 1, 233-245.
3. Bakker, J.P., Dekker, M. & De Vries, Y. (1980) The effect of different management practices on a grassland community and the resulting fate of seedlings. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 29, 469-482.
4. Beach, F. (1939) Dandelions. American Bee Journal, 79, 238-239.
5. Bell, G. (1987) Two theories of sex and variation. The Evolution of Sex and Its Consequences (ed. S. Stearns), pp. 117-134. Birkhouser-Verlag, Basel.
6. Bierzychudek, P. (1982) The demography of Jack-in-the pulpit, a forest perennial that changes sex. Ecological Monographs, 52, 335-351.
7. Black, R.W. (1980) The nature and causes of cyclomorphosis in a species of the Bosmina longirostis complex. Ecology, 61, 1122-1132.
8. Caprio, J.M. (1974) The solar thermal unit concept in problems related to plant development and potential evapotranspiration. Phenology and Seasonality Modeling (ed. H. Lieth, pp. 353-364. Springer-Verlag, New York.
9. Caswell, H. (1982) Stable population structure and reproductive value for populations with complex life cycles. Ecology, 63, 1223-1231.
10. Caswell, H. (1989) Matrix Population Models. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
11. Caswell, H., Naiman, R. & Morin, R. (1984) Evaluating the consequences of reproduction in complex salmonid life cycles. Aquaculture, 43, 123-143.
12. Caswell, H. & Trevisan, M.C. (1994) Sensitivity analysis of periodic matrix models. Ecology, 75, 1299-1303.
13. Chapin, F.S. III & Shaver, G.R. (1985) Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to environmental manipulations in the field. Ecology, 66, 564-576.
14. Clausen, J., Keck, D.D. & Hiesey, W.M. (1940) Experimental studies on the natures of species. I. Effect of varied environments on western North American plants. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication no. 520.
15. Cox, T. & Ford, H. (1987) The plastic growth responses of three agamospecies of dandelion to two levels of nutrient. Annals of Botany, 59, 81-91.
16. Cyr, D.R., Bewley, J.D. & Dumbroff, E.B. (1990) Seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate and nitrogenous components in the roots of perennial weeds. Plant, Cell and Environment, 13, 359-365.
17. Dapkus, D. (1976) Differential survival involving the burnsi phenotype in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Herpetologica, 32, 325-327.
18. Davy, A.J. & Taylor, K. (1974) Seasonal patterns of nitrogen availability in contrasting soils in the Chiltern Hills. Journal of Ecology, 62, 793-807.
19. De Kroon, H., Plaisier, A., Van Groenendael, J. & Caswell, H. (1986) Elasticity: The relative contribution of demographic parameters to population growth rate. Ecology, 67, 1427-1431.
20. Endler, J.A. (1986) Natural Selection in the Wild. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Ford, H. (1981a) Competitive relationships amongst apomictic dandelions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 15, 355-368
21. Endler, J.A. (1986) Natural Selection in the Wild. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Ford, H. (1981a) Competitive relationships amongst apomictic dandelions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 15, 355-368
22. Ford, H. (1981b) The demography of three populations of dandelion. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 15, 1-11.
23. Ford, H. (1985) Life history strategies in two coexisting agamospecies of dandelions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 25, 169-186.
24. Fowler, N. & Antonovics, J. (1981) Competition and coexistence in a North Carolina grassland. I. Patterns in undisturbed vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 69, 825-841.
25. Gray, E., McGehee, E.M. & Carlisle, D.F. (1973) Seasonal variation in flowering of common dandelion. Weed Science, 21, 230-232.
26. Grime, J.P. (1988) Comparative Plant Ecology: A Functional Approach to Common British Species. Unwin Hyman, Winchester, MA.
27. van Groenendael, J., , de Kroon, H. & Caswell, H. (1988) Projection matrices in population biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 264-269.
28. Grosberg, R.K. (1988) Life-history variation within a population of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. I. The genetic and environmental control of seasonal variation. Evolution, 42, 900-920.
29. Grubb, P.J. (1977) The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Review, 52, 107-145.
30. Harper, J.L. (1977) Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, New York.
31. Huenneke, L.F. & Marks, P.L. (1987) Stem dynamics of the shrub Alnus incana ssp. rugosa. Transition matrix models. Ecology, 68, 1234-1242.
32. Jacome, L.H. & Schuh, W. (1992) Effects of leaf wetness duration and temperature on development of Black Sigatoka disease on banana infected Mycophaerella fijiensis var. difformis. Phytopathology, 82, 515-520.
33. Janzen, D.H. (1977) What are dandelions and aphids? American Naturalist, 111, 586.
34. Kalisz, S. & McPeek, M.A. (1992) Demography of an age-structured annual: Resampled projection matrices, elasticity analyses, and seed bank effects. Ecology, 73, 1082-1093.
35. Klemow, K.M. & Raynal, D.J. (1983) Population biology of an annual plant in a temporally variable habitat. Journal of Ecology, 71, 691-703.
36. Lefkovitch, L.P. (1965) The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages. Biometrics, 21, 1-18.
37. Lenski, R.E. & Service, P.M. (1982) The statistical analysis of population growth rates calculated from schedules of survivorship and fecundity. Ecology, 63, 655-662.
38. van Loenhoud, P.J. & Duyts, H. (1981) A comparative study of the germination ecology of some microspecies of Taraxacum Wigg. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 30, 161-182.
39. Lyman, J.C. & Ellstrand, N.C. (1984) Clonal diversity in Taraxacum officinale (Compositae), an apomict. Heredity, 53, 1-10.
40. Mack, R.N. & Pyke, D.A. (1984) The demography of Bromus tectorum: The role of microclimate, grazing and disease. Journal of Ecology, 72, 731-748.
41. MathWorks, Incorporated. (1989) MATLAB User's Guide. MathWorks, Inc., South Natick, MA. McGraw, J.B. (1989) Effects of age and size on life histories and population growth of Rhododendron maximum shoots. American Journal of Botany, 76, 113-123.
42. MathWorks, Incorporated. (1989) MATLAB User's Guide. MathWorks, Inc., South Natick, MA. McGraw, J.B. (1989) Effects of age and size on life histories and population growth of Rhododendron maximum shoots. American Journal of Botany, 76, 113-123.
43. McGraw, J.B. & Antonovics, J. (1983) Experimental ecology of Dryas octopetala ecotypes. II. A demographic model of growth, branching and fecundity. Journal of Ecology, 71, 899-912.
44. McGraw, J.B. & Wulff, R.D. (1983) The study of plant growth: A link between the physiological ecology and population biology of plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 103, 21-28.
45. McNeilly, T. & Antonovics, J. (1968) Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. 3. Agrostis tenuis on a small copper mine. Heredity, 23, 99-108.
46. Menken, S.B.J., Morita, T., Wardenaar, E.C.P. & Boersma, A. (1989) Genetic interpretation of enzyme variation in sexual and agamospermous taxa of Taraxacum sections Vulgaria and Mongolica. Genetica, 78, 111-119.
47. Merrell, D.J. & Rodell, C.R. (1968) Seasonal selection in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Evolution, 22, 284-288.
48. Meyer, J.S., Ingersoll, C.G., McDonald, L.L. & Boyce, M.S. (1986) Estimating uncertainty in population growth rate: jackknife vs. bootstrap techniques. Ecology, 67, 1156-1166.
49. Mezynski, P.R. & Cole, D.F. (1974) Germination of dandelion seed on a thermogradient plate. Weed Science, 22, 506-507.
50. Mølgaard, P. (1977) Competitive effect of grass on establishment and performance of Taraxacum officinale. Oikos, 29, 376-382.
51. Moloney, K.A. (1986) A generalized algorithm for determining category size. Oecologia, 69, 176-180.
52. Moloney, K.A. (1988) Fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in the demography of a perennial bunchgrass. Ecology, 69, 1588-1598.
53. Morecroft, M.D., Marrs, R.H. & Woodward, F.I. (1992) Altitudinal and seasonal trends in soil nitrogen mineralization rate in the Scottish Highlands. Journal of Ecology, 80, 49-56.
54. Morita, T., Menken, S.B.J. & Sterk, A.A. (1990) Hybridization between European and Asian dandelions (Taraxacum section Ruderalia and section Mongolica). 1. Crossability and breakdown of self-incompatibility. New Phytologist, 114, 519-529.
55. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1980-1990) Climatological data, annual summary, West Virginia 88-98. Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
56. Nelson, D.J. & Spollen, W.G. (1987) Fructans. Physiologia Plantarum, 71, 512-516.
57. Nijs, J.C.M., Den, Kirschner, J., Stepanek, J. & van der Hulst, A. (1990) Distribution of diploid sexual plants of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia in east-Central Europe, with special reference to Czechoslovakia. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 170, 71-84.
58. Nijs, J.C.M., Den, & Sterk, A.A. (1980) Cytogeographical studies of Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum (sect. Vulgaria) in Central Europe. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, 101, 527-554.
59. Nijs, J.C.M., Den, & Sterk, A.A. (1984) Cytogeography and cytotaxonomy of some Taraxacum sections in Belgium and Northern France. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 33, 431-455.
60. Oomes, M.J.M. & Mooi, H. (1981) The effect of cutting and fertilizing on the floristic composition and production of an Arrhenatherion elatioris grassland. Vegetatio, 47, 233-239.
61. Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Brugman, M.L., de Boer, E.R. & den Nijs, H.C.M. (1996) Temporal and spatial variation in the demography of Gentiana pneumonanthe, a rare perennial herb. Journal of Ecology, 84, 153-166.
62. Oosterveld, P. (1978) The indicative significance of the genus Taraxacum for the management of grasslands. Gorteria, 9, 188-193 (in Dutch).
63. Oosterveld, P. (1983) Taraxacum species as environmental indicators for grassland management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 3, 381-389.
64. Reader, R.J. (1991a) Relationship between seedling emergence and species frequency on a gradient of ground cover density in an abandoned pasture. Canadian Journal of Botany, 69, 1397-1401.
65. Reader, R.J. (1991b) Control of seedling emergence by ground cover: a potential mechanism involving seed predation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 69, 2084-2087.
66. Richards, A.J. (1970a) Eutriploid facultative agamospermy in Taraxacum. New Phytologist, 69, 761-774.
67. Richards, A.J. (1970b) Hybridization in Taraxacum. New Phytologist, 69, 1103-1121.
68. Sarukhan, J. & Gadgil, M. (1974) Studies on plant demography: Ranunculus repens L.. R. bulbosus L. & R. acris L. III. A mathematical model incorporating multiple modes of reproduction. Journal of Ecology, 62, 921-936.
69. Schemske, D.W. & Horvitz, C.C. (1989) Temporal variation in selection on a floral character. Evolution, 43, 461-465.
70. Sebens, K.P. & Thorne, B.L. (1985) Coexistence of clones, clonal diversity and the effects of disturbance. Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms (eds J. B. C. Jackson & R. E. Cook), pp. 357-398. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
71. Seger, J. & Brockmann, H.J. (1987) What is bet-hedging? Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 4, 182-211.
72. Skellam, J.G. (1966) Seasonal periodicity in theoretical population ecology. Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 4, 179-205.
73. Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1995) Biometry, 3rd edn, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, USA.
74. Solbrig, O.T. (1971) The population biology of dandelions. American Scientist, 59, 686-694.
75. Solbrig, O.T. & Simpson, B.B. (1974) Components of regulation of a population of dandelions in Michigan. Journal of Ecology, 62, 473-486.
76. Solbrig, O.T. & Simpson, B.B. (1977) A garden experiment on competition between phenotype classes of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Journal of Ecology, 65, 427-430.
77. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. (1986) SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
78. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. (1994) JMP User's Guide. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA . Stemberger, R.S. (1988) Reproductive costs and hydrodynamic benefits of chemically induced defenses in Keratella testudo. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 593-606 .
79. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. (1994) JMP User's Guide. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA . Stemberger, R.S. (1988) Reproductive costs and hydrodynamic benefits of chemically induced defenses in Keratella testudo. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 593-606 .
80. Sterk, A.A., Groenhart, M.C. & Mooren, J.F.A. (1983) Aspects of the ecology of some microspecies of Taraxacum in the Netherlands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 32, 385-415.
81. Sterk, A.A. & Luteijn, M.M. (1984) A study of the flowering phenology of Taraxacum microspecies in some biotopes in the Netherlands as observed during three successive years. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 33, 39-59.
82. Stratton, D.A. (1992) Life-cycle components of selection in Erigeron annuus: I. Phenotypic selection. Evolution, 46, 92-106.
83. Taylor, R.J. (1987) Populational variation and biosystematic interpretations in weedy dandelions. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 114, 109-120.
84. Timmons, F.L. (1950) Competitive relationships of four different lawn grasses with field bindweed and dandelion under frequent close clipping. Ecology, 31, 1-5.
85. Tuljapurkar, S. (1985) Population dynamics in variable environments. VI. Cyclical environments. Theoretical Population Biology, 28, 1-17.
86. Vandermeer, J. (1978) Choosing category size in a stage projection matrix. Oecologia, 32, 79-84.
87. Vavrek, M.C. (1994) Within-population variation in demography of Taraxacum officinale. PhD thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
88. Vavrek, M.C., McGraw, J.B. & Yang, H.S. (1996) Within-population variation in demography of Taraxacum officinale: Maintenance of genetic diversity. Ecology, 77, 2098-2107.
89. Werner, P.A. (1975) Predictions of fate from rosette size in teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.). Oecologia, 20, 197-201.
90. Werner, P.A. & Caswell, H. (1977) Population growth rates and age vs. stage-distribution for teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.). Ecology, 58, 1103-1111.
91. Westerman, L. & Roddick, J.G. (1981) Annual variation in sterol levels in leaves of Taraxacum officinale Weber. Plant Physiology, 68, 872-875.
92. Williams, J.T. (1969) Mineral nitrogen in British grassland soils. I. Seasonal patterns in simple models. Oecologia Plantarum, 4, 307-320.
93. Williams, G.C. (1975) Sex and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Wivagg, D.E. (1975) Population Structure and Response to Controlled Photoperiod and Thermoperiod in United States Populations of Taraxacum. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
94. Williams, G.C. (1975) Sex and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Wivagg, D.E. (1975) Population Structure and Response to Controlled Photoperiod and Thermoperiod in United States Populations of Taraxacum. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.