Energy budgets of windbreak canopies in the Sahel

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Volumn 86, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 33-49

  Smith, D Mark ^a,c   Jarvis, Paul G ^a   Odongo, Julius C W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b ICRISAT Sahelian Center   (Niger)

^c CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Canopy; Energy budget; Sahel; Windbreak

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; WIND;

BOUNDARY LAYER; ENERGY BUDGET; TRANSPIRATION; TREE CANOPY; WIND BREAK;

AFRICA, SAHEL; NIGER, SAHEL;

AZADIRACHTA INDICA; AZADIRACHTA JUSS;

EID: 0030858626     PISSN: 01681923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02416-1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Allen, S.J., Brenner, A.J. and Grace, J., 1994. A low-cost psychrometer for field measurements of atmospheric humidity. Plant Cell Environ., 17: 219-225.
2. Aston, A.R., 1985. Heat storage in a young Eucalypt forest. Agric. For. Meteorol., 35: 281-297.
3. Brenner, A.J. and Jarvis, P.G., 1995. A heated leaf replica technique for determination of leaf boundary layer conductance in the field. Agric. For. Meteorol., 72: 261-275.
4. Brenner, A.J., Jarvis, P.G. and van den Beldt, R.J., 1995a. Tree-crop interactions in a Sahelian windbreak system. 1. Dependence of shelter on field conditions. Agric. For. Meteorol., 75: 215-234.
5. Brenner, A.J., Jarvis, P.G. and van den Beldt, R.J., 1995b. Tree-crop interactions in a Sahelian windbreak system. 2. Growth response of millet in shelter. Agric. For. Meteorol., 75: 235-262.
6. Brown, K.W. and Rosenberg, N.J., 1972. Shelter effects on microclimate, growth and water use by irrigated sugar beets in the great plains. Agric. Meteorol., 9: 241-263.
7. Davis, J.E. and Norman, J.M., 1988. Effects of shelter on plant water use. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 22-23: 393-402.
8. Edwards, W.R.N. and Warwick, N.W.M., 1984. Transpiration from a kiwifruit vine as estimated by the heat pulse technique and the Penman-Monteith equation. N.Z. J. Agric. Res., 27: 537-543.
9. Green, S.R., 1993. Radiation balance, transpiration and photo-synthesis of an isolated tree. Agric. For. Meteorol., 64: 201-221.
10. Green, S.R. and Clothier, B.E., 1988. Water use of kiwifruit vines and apple trees by the heat-pulse technique. J. Exp. Bot., 39: 115-123.
11. Hatton, T.J., Catchpole, E.A. and Vertessy, R.A., 1990. Integration of sapflow velocity to estimate plant water use. Tree Physiol., 6: 201-209.
12. Judd, M.J. and McAneney, K.J., 1984. Water use by tamarillos (Cyphomandra betacea) within a sheltered orchard environment. Agric. For. Meteorol., 32: 31-40.
13. 2 exchanges in an apple (Malus pumila) orchard. J. Appl. Ecol., 12: 659-684.
14. Leuning, R., 1989. Leaf energy balances: developments and applications. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 324: 191-206.
15. Leuning, R. and Foster, I.J., 1990. Estimation of transpiration by single trees: comparison of a ventilated chamber, leaf energy budgets and a combination equation. Agric. For. Meteorol., 51: 63-86.
16. Marshall, D.C., 1958. Measurement of sap flow in conifers by heat transport. Plant Physiol., 33: 385-396.
17. McAneney, K.J., Prendergast, P.T., Judd, M.J. and Green, A.E., 1992. Observations of equilibrium evaporation from windbreak sheltered kiwifruit orchard. Agric. For. Meteorol., 57: 253-264.
18. McNaughton, K.G., 1976a. Evaporation and advection 1: evaporation from extensive homogeneous surfaces. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102: 181-191.
19. McNaughton, K.G., 1976b. Evaporation and advection II: evaporation downwind of a boundary separating regions having different surface resistances and available energies. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102: 193-202.
20. McNaughton, K.G., 1983. The direct effect of shelter on evaporation rates: theory and experimental test. Agric. Meteorol., 29: 125-136.
21. McNaughton, K.G., 1988. Effects of windbreaks on turbulent transport and microclimate. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 22-23: 17-39.
22. McNaughton, K.G., 1989. Regional interactions between canopies and the atmosphere. In: G. Russell, B. Marshall and P.G. Jarvis (Editors), Plant Canopies: their Growth, Form and Function. Soc. Exp. Biol. Semin. Ser. No. 31. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 63-81.
23. McNaughton, K.G. and Jarvis, P.G., 1983. Predicting effects of vegetation changes on transpiration and evaporation. In: T.T. Kozlowski (Editor), Water Deficits and Plant Growth, Vol. 7. Academic Press, New York, pp. 1-47.
24. McNaughton, K.G. and Spriggs, T.W., 1986. A mixed-layer model for regional evaporation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 34: 243-262.
25. McNaughton, K.G. and Spriggs, T.W., 1989. An evaluation of the Priestley and Taylor equation and the complementary relationship using results from a mixed-layer model of the convective boundary layer. IAHS Publ., 177: 89-104.
26. McNaughton, K.G., Green, S.R., Black, T.A, Tynan, B.R. and Edwards, W.R.N., 1992. Direct measurement of net radiation and photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by a single tree. Agric. For. Meteorol., 62: 87-107.
27. Miller, D.R., Rosenberg, N.J. and Bagley, W.T., 1973. Soybean water use in the shelter of a slat-fence windbreak. Agric. Meteorol., 11: 405-418.
28. Monteith, J.L. and Unsworth, M.H., 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics, 2nd edn. Edward Arnold, London, 291 pp.
29. Ogbuehi, S.N. and Brandle, J.R., 1981. Influence of windbreak shelter on soybean production under rainfed conditions. Agron. J., 73: 625-628.
30. Payne, W.A., Wendt, C.W. and Lascano, R.J., 1990. Root zone water balances of three low-input millet fields in Niger, West Africa. Agron. J., 82: 813-819.
31. Plate, E.J., 1971. The aerodynamics of shelter belts. Agric. Meteorol., 8: 203-222.
32. Ritchie, K.A., 1988. Shelterbelt plantings in semi-arid areas. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 22-23: 425-440.
33. Sivakumar, M.V.K. and Wallace, J.S., 1991. Soil water balance in the Sudano-Sahelian zone: need, relevance and objectives of the workshop. IAHS Publ., 199: 3-10.
34. Sivakumar, M.V.K., Maidoukia, A. and Stern, R.D., 1993. Agroclimatology of West Africa: Niger, 2nd edn. ICRISAT Information Bulletin 5. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, A.P., India, 108 pp.
35. Skidmore, E.L., Jacobs, H.S. and Hagen, L.J., 1972. Microclimate modification by slat-fence windbreaks. Agron. J., 64: 160-162.
36. Smith, D.M., 1995. Water use by windbreak trees in the Sahel. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 191 pp.
37. Smith, D.M. and Allen, S.J., 1996. Measurement of sap flow in plant stems. J. Exp. Bot., 47: 1833-1844.
38. Smith, D.M., Jarvis, P.G. and Odongo, J.C.W., 1997. Aerodynamic conductances of trees in windbreaks. Agric. For. Meteorol., 86: 17-31.
39. Swanson, R.H., 1983. Numerical and experimental analysis of implanted-probe heat pulse velocity theory. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 298 pp.
40. Swanson, R.H. and Whitfield, D.W.A., 1981. A numerical analysis of heat pulse velocity theory and practice. J. Exp. Bot., 32: 221-239.
41. Thorpe, M.R., 1978. Net radiation and transpiration of apple trees in rows. Agric. Meteorol., 19: 41-57.
42. Van der Hage, J.C.H., 1993. The horizontal component of solar radiation. Agric. For. Meteorol., 67: 79-93.
43. Zaongo, C.G.L., Wendt, C.W. and Hossner, L.R., 1994. Constraints of Sahelian sandy soils and management implications for sustainable rainfed crop production. J. Sustain. Agric., 4: 47-77.