Imaging the brain of migraine sufferers

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 226-230

  Flippen, Charles ^a   Welch, K M A ^a  

^a HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; BRAIN FUNCTION; HUMAN; IMAGING; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MIGRAINE; NEURORADIOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

EID: 0030857290     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-199706000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Leao AAP: Spreading depression of activity in cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 1994, 7:379-390.
2. Lashley K: Patterns of cerebral integration indicated by the scotomas of migraine. Arch Neurol Psych 1941, 46:333-339.
3. Lauritzen M: Links between cortical spreading depression and migraine: clinical and experimental aspects. Migraine and other headaches. In The vascular mechanism. Edited by J Olesen. New York: Raven Press, 1991:143-151.
4. Woods RP, Lacoboni M, Mazziotta JC: Bilateral spreading cerebral hyper fusion during spontaneous migriane headache. New Engl J Med 1994, 331:1689-1692.
5. Welch KMA, D'andrea G, Tepley N, Barkley GL, Ramadan NM: The concept of migraine as a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability. Neurologic Clinics 1990, 8:817-828.
6. Lauritzen M, Olsen J: Regional cerebral blood flow during migraine attacks by Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography. Brain 1984, 107:447.
7. O'Brien MD: Cerebral blood flow in migraine. Headache 1971, 10:139.
8. Lauritzen M, Olsen TS, Lassen NA, Paulson OB: The role of spreading depression in acute brain disorders. Ann Neurol 1983, 14:569-572.
9. Edmeads J: Cerebral blood flow in migraine. Headache 1977, 17:148.
10. Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M: Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of RCBF in classic migraine. Ann Neurol 1981, 9:3344-352.
11. Olesen J, Lauritzen M, Tfelt-Hansen P, Henriksen L, Larsen B: Spreading cerebral oligemia in classical and normal cerebral blood flow in common migraine. Headache 1982, 22:242.
12. Sorensen AG, Cutrer FM, Moskowitz, MA, Rosen BR: Investigation of spontaneous migraine aura in humans using functional MRI. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 4th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, New York 1996, 1:282. This small series replicates the findings of hemodynamic changes and low flow associated with migraine aura. The report is also notable for the lack of abnormality on diffusion-weighted imaging which is normally sensitive to ischemia.
13. Welch KMA, Levine SR, D'andrea G, Schultz LR, Helpern JA: Preliminary observations on brain energy metabolism in migraine studied by in vivo phosphorus 31 NMR spectroscopy. Neurology 1989, 39:538-541.
14. Barkley GL, Tepley N, Nagel-Leiby S, Moran JE, Simkins RT, Welch KMA: Magnetoencephalographic studies of migraine. Headache 1990, 30:428-434.
15. Gardner-Medwin AR, Tepley N, Barkley GL, Moran JE, Nagel-Leiby S, Simkins RT, Welch KMA: Magnetic fields associated with spreading depression in anesthetized rabbits. Brain Res 1991, 562:153-158.
16. Moskowitz MA: The neurobiology of vascular head pain. Ann Neurol 16:157-168.
17. Goadsby PJ, Edvinsson L, Ekman R: Release of vasoactive peptides in the extracerebral circulation of men and the cat during activation of the trigeminovascular system. Ann Neurology 1988, 23:193-196.
18. Goadsby PJ, Edvinsson L: Sumatriptan reverses the changes in calcitonin generelated peptide seen in the headache phase of migraine [Abstract]. Cephalalgia 1991, 11(suppl 11):3.
19. Kaube H, Keay K, Hoskin KL, Bandler R, Goadsby PJ: Expression of c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and high cervical cord following stimulation of the sagittal sinus in the cat. Brain Res 1993, 629:95-102.
20. Goadsby PJ, Zagami AS: Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus increases metabolic activity and blood flow in certain regions of the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord of the cat. Brain 1991, 114:1001-1011.
21. Lambert GA, Goadsby PJ, Zagami AS, Duckworth JW: Comparative effects of stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion and the superior sagittal sinus on cerebral blood flow and evoked potentials in the cat. Brain Res 1988, 453:143-149.
22. Weiller C, May A, Limmroth V, Juptner M, Kaube H, van Schayck R, Coenen HH, Diener HC: Brainstem activation in human migraine attacks. Nature Med 1995, 1:658-660. This paper is the first evidence of activation of brainstem centers involved in pain, possibly as a generator of the pain mechanism.
23. Moskowitz MA, Nozaki K, Kraig R: Neocortical spreading depression provokes the expression of c-fos-protein-like immunoreactlvity within trigeminal nucleus caudalis via trigeminovascular mechanisms. J Neuroscience 1993, 13:1167-1177.
24. Welch KMA, Ramadan N: Mitochondria, magnesium and migraine. J Neurol Sci 1995, 134:9-14. An extensive review of the evidence for mitochondrial disorder in migraine, the role of magnesium deficiency and the thesis that alone or together each disorder could cause hyperexcitability of cortical neurons as a substrate for triggering spreading depression.
25. Sachs H, Wolf A, Russell JAG, Christinan DR: Effect of reserpine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in control and migraine subjects. Arch Neurol 1986, 43:1117-1123.
26. Bousser MG, Baron JC, Iba-Zizen MT, Comar D, Caganis E, Castaigne P: Migrainous cerebral infarction: a tomographic study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction with the oxygen-15 inhalation technique. Stroke 1980, 11:145-148.
27. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients affected by migraine with aura. Neurology 1992, 42:1209-1214.
28. Uncini A, Lodi R, Dimuzio A, Silvestri G, Servidei S, Lugaresi A, Iotti S, Zaniol P, Barbiroli B: Abnormal brain and muscle energy metabolism shown by 31P-MRS in familial hemiplegic migraine. J Neurol Sci 1995, 129:214-222.
29. Ramadan NM, Halvorson H, Vande-Linde A, Levine SR, Helpern JA, Welch KMA: Low brain magnesium in migraine. Headache 1989, 29:590-593.
30. Barker PB, Boska MD, Butterworth EJ, Hearshen D, Aurora TK, Norris L, Duyn JH, Moonen CTW, Welch KMA: Phosphorus and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in migraine [Abstract]. Proc Soc Magnetic Res 1995, 1:139. In this short report four members of a family with familial hemiplegic migraine show low levels of free magnesium in the occipital cortex only. The selectivity of this region for magnesium changes might suggest that the low magnesium levels are not a result of systemic deficiency which should produce a generalised decrease in brain. If there is an abnormal presynaptic calcium channel such as the first genetic report of this disorder implies, the magnesium changes could reflect increased gating of post-synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
31. 2+ channel gene CACNL1A4. Cell 1996, 87:543-552.
32. Cogdignola A, Tarroni P, Clementi F, Polio A, Lovallo M, Carbone E, Sher E: Calcium channel subtypes controlling serotonin release from human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:26240-26247.