Tolerability of clonazepam in demented and non-demented geropsychiatric patients

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 12, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 745-749

  Calkin, Patricia A ^a   Kunik, Mark E ^a,b   Orengo, Claudia A ^a   Molinari, Victor ^a   Workman, Richard ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Vet Affairs Hospital Medical Center ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Geriatric psychiatry

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CLONAZEPAM;

ADULT; AFFECTIVE NEUROSIS; AGED; AGITATION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONFUSION; DEMENTIA; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GERONTOPSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOSIS; RATING SCALE; TIME; UNITED STATES;

AGED; ANTICONVULSANTS; ANXIETY; CLONAZEPAM; DEMENTIA; GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SLEEP; SLEEP STAGES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0030855764     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199707)12:7<745::AID-GPS626>3.0.CO;2-D     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn, Revised. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
3. Åsberg, M., Cronholm, B., Sjöqvist, F. and Tuck, D. (1970) Correlation of subjective side effects with plasma concentration of nortriptyline. Brit. Med. J. 4, 18-22.
4. Chouinard, G., Annable, L., Turner, L., Holobrow, N. and Szkrumelak, N. (1993) A double-blind randomized clinical trial of rapid tranquilization with I.M. clonazepam and I.M. haloperidol in agitated psychotic patients with manic symptoms. Can. J. Psychiat. 38(S4), S114-S121.
5. Chouinard, G., Young, S. N. and Annable, L. (1983) Antimanic effect of clonazepam. Biol. Psychiat. 18, 451-466.
6. Cohen-Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S. and Rosenthal, A. S. (1989) A description of agitation in a nursing home. J. Gerontol. 44, M77-M84.
7. Davidson, J. R. T., Tupler, L. A. and Potts, N. L. S. (1994) Treatment of social phobia with benzodiazepines. J. Clin. Psychiat. 55, 28-32.
8. Edwards, V. E. (1974) Side effects of clonazepam therapy. Proc. Aust. Assoc. Neurol. 11, 199-202.
9. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L. and Cohen, J. (1976) The Glogab Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 33, 766-771.
10. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975) Mini mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12, 189-198.
11. Fontaine, R. and Chouinard, G. (1984) Antipanic effect of clonazepam. Am. J. Psychiat. 141, 149.
12. Foy, A., O'Connell, D., Henry, D., Kelly, J., Cocking, S. and Halliday, J. (1995) Benzodiazepine use as a cause of cognitive impairment in elderly hospital inpatients. J. Gerontol. 50, M99-M106.
13. Freinhar, J. P. and Alvarez, W. A. (1986) Clonazepam treatment of organic brain syndrome in three elderly patients. J. Clin. Psychiat. 47, 525-526.
14. Ginsburg, M. L. (1991) Clonazepam for agitated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Can. J. Psychiat. 36, 237-238.
15. Gleason, R. P. and Schneider, L. S. (1990) Carbamazepine treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's outpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J. Clin. Psychiat. 51, 115-118.
16. Greenblatt, D. J., Harmtz, J. S. and Shader, R. I. (1991a) Clinical pharmacokinetics of anxiolytics and hypnotics in the elderly: Therapeutic considerations (Part I). Clin. Pharmacokin. 21, 165-177.
17. Greenblatt, D. J., Harmtz, J. S. and Shader, R. I. (1991b) Clinical pharmacokinetics of anxiolytics and hypnotics in the elderly: Therapeutic considerations (Part II). Clin. Pharmacokin. 21, 262-273.
18. Haefely, W. M., Jr, Martin, J. R. and Schoch, P. (1990) Novel anxiolytics that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11, 452-456.
19. Herings, R. M. C., Stricker, B. H. C., DeBoer, A., Bskkrt, A. and Sturmans, F. (1995) Benzodiazepines and the risk of falling leading to femur fractures. Arch. Intern. Med. 155, 1801-1807.
20. Howell, D. C. (1992) Statistical Methods for Psychology, 3rd edn. Duxbury, Belmont, CA.
21. Jones, B. D. and Chouinard, G. (1985) Clonazepam in the treatment of recurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am. J. Psychiat. 142, 354-355.
22. Kruse, W. H. (1990) Problems and pitfalls in the use of benzodiazepines in the elderly. Drug Safety 5, 328-344.
23. Mayer-Oakes, S. A., Kelman, G., Beers, M. H., De Jong, F., Matthias, R., Atchison, K. A., Lubben, J. E. and Schweitzer, S. O. (1993) Benzodiazepine use in older, community-dwelling southern Californians: Prevalence and clinical correlates. Ann. Pharmacother. 27, 416-421.
24. Mellow, A. M., Solano-Lopez, C. and Davis, S. (1993) Sodium valproate in the treatment of behavioral disturbance in dementia. J. Geriatr. Psychiat. Neurol. 6, 205-209.
25. Overall, J. E. and Gorham, D. R. (1962) The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol. Res. 10, 799-812.
26. Ray, W. A., Griffin, M. R. and Downey, W. (1989) Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture. JAMA 262, 3303-3307.
27. Richards, J., Möhler, H. and Hafely, W. (1982) Benzodiazepine binding sites: Receptors or acceptors? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 3, 233-235.
28. Schenck, C. H., Bundlie, S. R., Ettinger, M. G. and Mahowald, M. W. (1986) Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: A new category of parasomnia. Sleep 9, 293-308.
29. Sjö, O., Hvidberg, E. F., Naestoft, J. and Lund, M. (1975) Pharmacokinetics and side-effects of clonazepam and its 7-amino-metabolite in man. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 8, 249-254.
30. Stewart, R. B., Marks, R., Padgett, P. D. and Hale, W. E. (1994) Benzodiazepine use in an ambulatory elderly population: A 14-year overview. Clin. Ther. 16, 118-124.
31. Tesar, G. E., Rosenbaum, J. F., Pollack, M. H., Otto, M. W., Sach, G. S., Herman, J. B., Cohen, L. S. and Spier, S. A. (1991) Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of clonazepam and alprazolam for panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiat. 52, 68-76.
32. van der Meyden, C. H., Bartel, P. R., Sommers, D. K., Blom, M. and Pretorius, L. C. (1989) Effects of clobazam and clonazepam on saccadic eye movements and other parameters of psychomotor performance. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 37, 365-369.
33. Wildin, J. D., Pleuvry, B. J., Mawer, G. E., Onon, T. and Millington, L. (1990) Respiratory and sedative effects of clobazam and clonazepam in volunteers. Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 29, 169-177.
34. Zisselman, M. H., Rovner, B. W., Kelly, K. G. and Woods, C. (1994) Benzodiazepine utilization in a university hospital. Am. J. Med. Qual. 9, 138-141.