The effect of greenhouse SSTs on ENSO simulations with an AGCM

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 342-352

  Smith, I N ^a   Dix, M ^a   Allan, R J ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGCM SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE CHANGE; EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO; GCM; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SST;

EID: 0030854958     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0342:TEOGSO>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Allan, R. J., 1993: Historical fluctuations in ENSO and teleconnection structure since 1879: Near-global patterns. Quat. Australasia, 11, 17-27.
2. Boer, G. J., 1993: Climate change and the regulation of the surface moisture and energy budgets. Climate Dyn., 8, 225-239.
3. Cane, M. A., 1992: Tropical Pacific ENSO models: ENSO as a mode of the coupled system. Climate System Modelling, K. E. Trenberth, Ed., Cambridge University Press, 583-614.
4. Chervin, R. M., and S. H. Schneider, 1976: On determining the statistical significance of climate experiments with general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 405.
5. Deser, C., and J. M. Wallace, 1990: Large-scale atmospheric circulation features of warm and cold episodes in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 3, 1254-1281.
6. Dix, M. R., and B. G. Hunt. 1995: Chaotic influences and the problem of deterministic seasonal predictions. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 729-752.
7. Elliott, W. P., and J. K. Angell, 1988: Evidence for changes in Southern Oscillation relationships during the last 100 years. J. Climate, 1, 729-737.
8. Enfield, D. B., 1988: Is El Niño becoming more common? Oceanogr. Mag., 1, 23-37.
9. _, 1989: El Niño, past and present. Rev. Geophys., 27, 159-187.
10. _, and L. S. Cid, 1991: Low-frequency changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 4, 1137-1146.
11. Fu, R., W. T. Liu, A. D. Del Genio, and W. B. Rossow, 1992: Cirrus-cloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data. Nature, 358, 394-397.
12. Gates, W. L., 1992: AMIP - The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
13. _, J. F. B. Mitchell, G. J. Boer, U. Cubasch, and V. P. Meleshko, 1992: Climate modelling, climate prediction, and model validation. Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. J. T Houghton, B. A. Callendar, and S. K. Varney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 97-134.
14. Halpert, M. S., and C. F. Ropelewski, 1992: Surface temperature patterns associated with the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 5, 577-593.
15. Kiladis, G. N., and H. F. Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090.
16. 2 on simulated ENSO-like phenomena. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2295-2298.
17. 2 in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 8, 2181-2199.
18. 2 sensitivity J. Climate, 10, 138-161.
19. Lau, K.-M., and P. J. Sheu, 1990: Teleconnections in global rainfall anomalies: Seasonal to inter-decadal time scales. Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies, M. Glantz, W. Katz, and N. Nicholls, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 227-256.
20. McGregor, J. L., H. B. Gordon, I. G. Watterson, M. R. Dix, and L. D. Rotstayn, 1993: The CSIRO 9-level atmospheric general circulation model. CSIRO-Division of Atmospheric Res. Tech. Paper 26, 89 pp. [Available from CSIRO DAR, PBN1, Aspendale, 3195, Australia.]
21. Mechoso, C. R., and Coauthors, 1995: The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2825-2838.
22. Meehl, G. A., and W. M. Washington, 1993: South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Science, 260, 1101-1104.
23. 2 climate change. J. Climate, 6, 42-63.
24. Nigam, S., and H.-S. Shen, 1993: Structure of oceanic and atmospheric low-frequency variability over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Part I: COADS observations. J.Climate, 6, 657-676.
25. Ramanathan, V., and W. Collins, 1993: A thermostat in the tropics? Nature, 361, 410-411.
26. Reynolds, R. W., 1988: A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 1, 75-86.
27. Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
28. Smith, I. N., 1994: AGCM simulation of global climate trends: 1950-88. J. Climate, 7, 732-744.
29. _, 1995: A GCM simulation of global climate interannual variability 1950-88. J. Climate, 8, 709-718.
30. 2 increase. J. Climate, 8, 1473-1502.
31. 2 climates. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 44, 111-125.
32. Whetton, P. H., and I. Rutherfurd, 1994: Historical ENSO teleconnections in the eastern hemisphere. Climate Change, 28, 221-253.
33. _, A. M. Fowler, M. R. Haylock, and A. B. Pittock, 1993: Implications of climate change due to the enhanced greenhouse effect on floods and droughts in Australia. Climate Change, 25, 289-317.