Contaminant fate in high arctic lakes: Development and application of a mass balance model

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 201, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 171-187

  Freitas, Hilary ^a,d   Diamond, Miriam ^a   Semkin, Ray ^b   Gregor, Dennis ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c Northern Environmental Services   (Canada)

^d BOEING COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Amituk lake; Artic lakes; Char lake

Indexed keywords

LAKE WATER;

CHEMICAL FATE; LAKE WATER QUALITY; MASS BALANCE MODEL; WATER POLLUTION;

ARTICLE; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; FOOD CHAIN; HYDROPHOBICITY; MODEL; NONHUMAN; PLANKTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEDIMENT; STEADY STATE; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; VOLATILIZATION; WATER POLLUTION; WATER QUALITY; WATER RETENTION;

AMITUK LAKE; CANADA; CHAR LAKE; CORNWALLIS ISLAND; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES;

EID: 0030850868     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)84055-7     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams, P. and Eccestone, M. (1992) Some illustrations of roles of lake ice in limnology. Proc. Eastern Snow Conf. 49.
2. Adams, W.P. and Allan, C. (1987) Aspects of the chemistry of ice, notably snow, on lakes. In: H.G. Jones and W.J. Orville-Thomas (editors), Seasonal Snowcovers: Physics, Chemistry, Hydrology, NATO ASI Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 211, pp. 393-466.
3. Barrie, L.A. (1986) Arctic air pollution: an overview of current knowledge. Atmos. Environ. 20, 643-663.
4. Barrie, L.A., Gregor, D., Hargrave, B., Lake, R., Muir, D., Shearer, R., Tracey, B. and Bidleman, T.F. (1992) Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 1-74.
5. Bergmann, M.A. and Welch, H.E. (1985) Spring meltwater mixing in small Arctic lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42, 1789-1798.
6. Bidleman, T.F., Walla, M.D., Muir, D.C.G. and Stern, G.A. (1993) Selective accumulation of polychlorocamphenes in aquatic biota from the Canadian Arctic. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12, 701-709.
7. Cotham, W.E. Jr. and Bidleman, T.F. (1991) Estimating the atmospheric deposition of organochlorine contaminants to the Arctic. Chemosphere 22, 165-188.
8. de March, L. (1975) Nutrient budgets for a high Arctic lake (Char Lake, N.W.T.). Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19, 496-503.
9. de March, L. (1978) Permanent sedimentation of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in a high Arctic lake. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35, 1089-1094.
10. Diamond, M.L., Mackay, D., Poulton D.J. and Stride, F.A. (1994) Development of a mass balance model of the fate of 17 chemicals in the Bay of Quinte. J. Great Lakes Res. 20, 643-666.
11. Diamond, M.L., Mackay, D., Poulton D.J. and Stride, F.A. (1996) Assessing chemical behavior and developing remedial actions using a mass balance model of chemical fate in the Bay of Quinte. Wat. Res. 30, 405-421.
12. Hargrave, B.T., Harding, G.C., Vass, W.P., Erickson, P.E., Fowler, B.R. and Scott, V. (1992) Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Arctic Ocean food web. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22, 41-54.
13. Heron, R. (1985) Decay of a High Arctic Lake Ice Cover. Ph.D. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 189 pp.
14. Hinckley, D.A., Bidleman, T.F., Foreman, W.T. and Tuschall, J.R. (1990) Determination of vapor pressures for non-polar and semi-polar chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. J. Chem. Eng. Data 35, 232-237.
15. Hobbie, J.E. (1973) Arctic limnology: a review. In: M.E. Britton (editor), Alaskan Arctic Tundra, Tech. Paper No. 25. Arctic Inst. of N America, pp. 127-168.
16. Hobbie, J.E. (1984) Polar limnology. In: F.B. Taub (editor), Ecosystems of the World 23: Lakes and Reservoirs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 63-105.
17. Ling, H., Diamond, M. and Mackay, D. (1993) Application of the QWASI fugacity/aquivalence model to assessing sources and fate of contaminants in Hamilton Harbour. J. Great Lakes Res. 19, 582-602.
18. Kinloch, D., Kuhnlein, H. and Muir, D.C.G. (1992) Inuit food and diet: a preliminary assessment of benefits and risks. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 245-276.
19. Lockhart, W.L., Wagemann, R., Tracey, B., Sutherland, D. and Thomas, D.J. (1992) Presence and implications of chemical contaminants in the freshwaters of the Canadian Arctic. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 165-243.
20. Mackay, D. (1991) Multimedia Environmental Models: the Fugacity Approach. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.
21. Mackay, D., Paterson, S. and Joy, M. (1983) A quantitative water, air, sediment interaction (QWASI) fugacity model for describing the fate of chemicals in lakes. Chemosphere 12, 981-997.
22. Mackay, D. and Diamond, M.L. (1989) Application of the QWASI (quantitative water air sediment interaction) fugacity model to the dynamics of organic and inorganic chemicals in lakes. Chemosphere 18, 1343-1365.
23. Mackay, D. and Wania, F. (1995) Transport of contaminants to the Arctic: partitioning, processes and models. Sci. Total Environ. 160/161, 25-38.
24. Maxwell, J.B. The Climate of the Canadian Arctic Islands and Adjacent Waters, Vol. 1 and 2, Climatological Studies 30. Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, 1980, 1982, 1120 pp.
25. Maxwell (1982) PLEASE SUPPLY.
26. Muir, D.C.G., Norstrom, J.R. and Simon, M. (1988) Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: accumulation of specific polychlorinated biphenyls and chlordane-related compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 1071-1079.
27. Muir, D.C.G., Wagemann, R., Hargrave, B.T., Thomas, D.J., Peakall, D.B. and Norstrom, R.J. (1992) Arctic marine ecosystem contamination. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 75-134.
28. Muir, D.C.G., Grift, N.P., Lockart, W.L. and Wilkinson, P. (1995) Spatial trends and historical profiles of organochlorine pesticides in Arctic lake sediments. Sci. Total Environ. 160/161, 447-457.
29. Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., Muir, D.C.G. and Schweinsburg, R.E. (1988) Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: identification, geographical distribution, and temporal trends in Polar bears. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 1063-1071.
30. Rigler, F. (1974) Char Lake Project PF-2 Final Report. Unpubl. report, 96 pp.
31. Rigler, F. (1975) The Char lake project: an introduction to limnology in the Canadian Arctic. In: T.W. Cameron and L.W. Billingsley (editors), Energy Flow - Its Biological Dimensions, A Summary of the IBP in Canada. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 171-198.
32. Rigler, F. (1978) Limnology in the high Arctic: a case study of Char lake. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 20 (1978) 127-140.
33. Schindler, D.W., Welch, H.E., Kalff, J., Brunskill, G.J., and Kritsch, N. (1974) Physical and chemical limnology of Char Lake, Cornwallis Island (75N Lat). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31, 585-607.
34. Semkin, R. and Gregor, D.J. (1993) Processes and fluxes of contaminants in aquatic systems. In: J.L. Murray and R.G. Shearer (editors), Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the 1992/93 Northern Contaminants Program, Environmental Studies No. 70. Department of Indian and Northern Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa. Cat. No. R71-19/70-1993E, pp. 57-68.
35. Semkin, R. (1994) Processes and fluxes of contaminants in aquatic systems - 1993/94. In: J.L. Murray and R.G. Shearer (editors), Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the 1993/94 Northern Contaminants Program. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Environmental Studies No. 72, QS-8500-000-EF-Al, Cat. No. R71-19/72-1994E, pp. 162-170.
36. Semkin, R. (1996) Processes and fluxes of contaminants in aquatic systems - 1994/95. In: J.L. Murray, R.G. Shearer and S.L. Han (editors), Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the 1994/95 Northern Contaminants Program, Environmental Studies No. 73. Department of Indian and Northern Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa. Cat. No. R71-19/73-1995E, pp. 105-118.
37. Suntio, L.R., Shiu, W.Y., Mackay, D., Seiber, J.N. and Glotfelty, D. (1988) Critical review of Henry's law constants for pesticides. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 103, 1-59.
38. Thomas, D.J., Tracey, B., Marshall, H. and Norstrom, R.J. (1992) Arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 135-164.
39. Wania, F. and Mackay, D. (1993) Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in Polar regions. Ambio 22, 10-18.
40. Welch, H.E. and Bergmann, M.A. (1985) Water circulation in small Arctic lakes in winter. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42, 506-520.
41. Williams, G.P. (1971) The effect of lake and river ice on snowmelt runoff. Proceedings of the Symposium on Runoff from Snow and Ice, 26-27 May 1971, Quebec City, Quebec. Proceedings of Hydrology Symposium No. 8, Inland Waters Branch, Energy Mines and Resources. Ottawa, Canada, 5, pp. 60-80.
42. Williams, G.P. (1971) The effect of lake and river ice on snowmelt runoff. Proceedings of the Symposium on Runoff from Snow and Ice, 26-27 May 1971, Quebec City, Quebec. Proceedings of Hydrology Symposium No. 8, Inland Waters Branch, Energy Mines and Resources. Ottawa, Canada, 5, pp. 60-80.
43. Woo, M.K. (1976) Hydrology of a small Canadian high Arctic basin during the snowmelt period. Catena 3, 155-168.
44. Woo, M. (1980) Hydrology of a small lake in the Canadian high Arctic. Arctic Alpine Res. 12, 227-23.
45. Woo, M.K. (1991) Arctic streamflow. In: M.K Woo and D.J. Gregor (editors), Arctic Environment: Past Present and Future, Proc. of Symposium, Nov. 14-15, 1991. Dept. of Geography, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. ISBN 0-920603-44-0, pp. 105-111.
46. Woo, M.K., Heron, R. and Steer, P. (1981) Catchment hydrology of a high Arctic lake. Cold Regions Sci. Technol. 5, 29-41.
47. Yalkowsky, S.H. (1979) Estimation of entropies of fusion of organic compounds. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 18, 108-111.